This document introduces 3D construction panels, which are prefabricated panels made of expanded polystyrene sandwiched between welded wire mesh sheets. These lightweight panels allow buildings to be constructed 40% lighter while meeting structural requirements. The panels are used in low-rise residential and commercial buildings by erecting the wall and slab panels and then pouring concrete. 3D panels provide a construction solution that is cost-effective, structurally stable, thermally insulating, and allows for fast construction using prefabricated elements produced on an industrial scale.

1. Chapter One: INTRODUCTION
1.1OVERVIEW
The concept of panel construction includes those buildings where the majority of
structural components are standardized and produced in plants in a location away
from the building, and then transported to the site for assembly. These components
are manufactured by mass production industrial methods in order to build a large
number of buildings in a short time at low cost. Urban residential buildings of this
type are usually one to ten stories high. There are different types of panels such as
Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs) and Oriented Strand Board (OSB), precast concrete,
and metal panels as shown in Figure 1.1.
a) OSB; b) Precast Concrete
c) Metal

2. Figure 1.1: Typical panels.
The 3D construction system is a new cost-effective construction system that uses
prefabricated 3D panels for construction of residential and commercial buildings. The
3D panels consist of an expanded polystyrene (EPS) core with a thickness ranging
from 40 to 100 mm sandwiched between two plane parallel welded wire mesh sheets
(cover meshes). Inclined diagonal wires are welded between the cover mesh's line
wires and go through the EPS core as shown in Figure 1.2. This results in a light-
weight, three-dimensional truss system with a high inherent stiffness (EVG, 2005).
The system allows the weight of the building to be reduced by 40%, while meeting all
structural requirements of the building systems; fast construction, high shear stiffness
and thermal insulation are the important properties of 3D panel buildings.
Figure 1.2: Typical 3D panel cross-section, after EVG, (2005)
1.2 3D PANEL CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS
The 3D panels have been used in construction of low rise buildings in many areas
around the world. Figure 1.3 shows the construction method for 3D panel building.
This included erection of 3D walls/slabs and placement of concrete.

3. a) Erection of walls panels b) Slab panel
c) Concreting after Mashal
Figure 1.3: Construction with 3D panels
1.3 FACTORS OF CHOOSING 3D PANELS CONSTRUCTION
Reasons for the choice of the topic and of the reasons for choosing this theme is
our complete solution of some problems of construction and expensive and unstable

4. prices of construction material pressure ratio so we found that the three-dimensional
panels system (3D panel) is the most and best able to solve these problems, the
proportion of the field of the safety and appropriate costs add to that system
synesthesia construction developments.
Figure 1.4: A model of designed 3D panel house.
1.4 THE BENEFITSOF 3D PANLES
Traditional building methods, such as brick, concrete, steel and prefab comply only
partly with these requirements. The fast-growing population triggers the need for a new,
cost-conscious building system to satisfy the tremendous demand on low-cost housing in
the world. The requirements this building system has to fulfill are the following:
 Fast and easy erection with unskilled laborers
 Economical use of local materials
 Structurally stable construction

5.  Good thermal and sound insulation
 Use of prefabricated elements produced on an industrial scale (thus, low
cost)
 Great variety of design features
 Minimum installation work on site (no cranes)
Figure 1.5: A Ready-Made Manufactured 3D Panels Houses.