2. Color
Color, is the characteristic of visual
perception described through color
categories, with names such as red,
orange, yellow, green, blue, or purple.
Color is the aspect of things that is
caused by differing qualities of light
being reflected or emitted by them.
To see color, you have to have light.
When light shines on an object some
colors bounce off the object and others
are absorbed by it. Our eyes only see
the colors that are bounced off or
reflected.
3. The Color Wheel
A color circle, based on red, yellow and blue, is
traditional in the field of art. Sir Isaac Newton
developed the first circular diagram of colors
in 1666.
Since then, scientists and artists have studied
and designed numerous variations of this
concept.
Differences of opinion about the validity of
one format over another continue to provoke
debate. In reality, any color circle or color
wheel which presents a logically arranged
sequence of pure hues has merit.
4. Primary Color
Primary Colors: Red, yellow and blue
In traditional color theory (used in paint and
pigments), primary colors are the 3 pigment
colors that cannot be mixed or formed by any
combination of other colors. All other colors
are derived from these 3 hues.
5. Secondary Color
Secondary Colors:
Green, orange and purple
These are the colors formed by mixing the
primary colors.
6. Tertiary Colors
Tertiary Colors:
Yellow-orange, red-orange, red-purple,
blue-purple, blue-green & yellow-green
These are the colors formed by mixing a
primary and a secondary color. That's why
the hue is a two word name, such as blue-
green, red-violet, and yellow-orange.
7. Dimensions of Color
Dimension Definition
Hue Name of a color family
Value
Lightness or darkness
of a color
Chroma
Strength or intensity of
a color
Three Dimensions of a Color
8. 1. Hue
Hue refers to the names of the
colors. Hue is the term for the pure
spectrum colors commonly referred
to by the "color names" - red,
orange, yellow, blue, green violet -
which appear in the hue circle or
rainbow.
9. 2. Value
Value refers to the lightness or
darkness of a color. A color value
scale starts with light and ends
with dark. Other categories in
between might include
light/medium, medium and
medium/dark
10. 3.Intensity/Chroma
Chroma refers to the purity or
impurity of a hue, and the degree of
vividness of a color, or how pure it
is compared to its representative on
the color wheel. It can also be
called saturation, or color intensity.
11. Color Saturation
Color saturation refers to the intensity of color in an image. As the
saturation increases, the colors appear to be more pure. As the
saturation decreases, the colors appear to be more washed-out or
pale.
Desaturation High Saturation
12. Tint, Tones & Shades
TINTS - Adding white to a pure color
creates tints. Tints are often associated
with pastel colors because they are softer
and subtle.
TONES - Adding black and white, or gray,
to a pure color, creates tones of a color.
SHADES- Adding black to a color creates
shades. Shades can range from medium to
very dark colors depending on the amount
of black added to the color.
13. Warm Color
Warm color is used to describe any color that
is vivid or bold in nature.
Warm colors are those that tend to advance in
space and can be overwhelming.
Examples of warm colors
include red, yellow and orange (think exciting
fire and volcanoes).
14. Cool Color
Cool color is used to describe any color that
is calm or soothing in nature.
Cool colors are not overpowering and tend to
recede in space. For this reason, cool colors
typically make a space seem larger.
Examples of cool colors include green, blue
and violet (think calming blue waters).
15. Color Scheme
A color scheme consists of a combination of colors used in a range of design
disciplines, from fine art to interior design to graphic design. Each color scheme
consists of one or more of the twelve colors present on the color wheel. By pairing
different colors with each other, you can create endless color palettes to use in
any composition.
Some Color Schemes are –
a) Monochromatic
b) Complementary (Single, Double)
c) Analogous
d) Split Complementary (Single, Double)
e) Triadic Complementary
f) Tetradic
16. Monochromatic Color Scheme
Monochromatic (or mono) is a color
scheme based on only one, single color tint. It
uses only variations (shades) of a single hue, made
by altering the saturation and brightness of the
base color.
Monochromatic color schemes are easy to create
because they use only one color.
Monochromatic schemes use different tones from
the same angle on the color wheel (the same
hue)
17. Complementary Color Scheme
Complementary colors are any two
colors which are directly opposite each
other, such as red and green and red-
purple and yellow-green. In the
illustration above, there are several
variations of yellow-green in the leaves
and several variations of red-purple in
the orchid. These opposing colors create
maximum contrast and maximum
stability.
18. Double Complementary Color
Scheme
A double complementary scheme is
when two hues (colors) are next to
each other on the color wheel and are
paired with two adjacent hues on the
opposite side. This overall creates
a color palette of four hues that are
adjacent but opposite such as blue-
green, blue, orange, and red-orange.
19. Split-complementary is a color
scheme using one base color and two
secondary colors. Instead of using
a complementary color,
two colors placed symmetrically
around it on the color wheel are used.
The base color is main, while the
secondary colors should be used only
for highlights and accents
Split Complementary Color Scheme
20. Analogous Color Scheme
Analogous colors are any three colors which
are side by side on a 12-part color wheel,
such as yellow-green, yellow, and yellow-
orange. Usually one of the three colors
predominates.
Analogous color schemes are often found in
nature and are harmonious and pleasing to
the eye.They usually match well and create
serene and comfortable designs.
21. Triad Color Scheme
A triadic color scheme uses colors that are
evenly spaced around the color wheel.
Triadic color harmonies tend to be quite
vibrant, even if you use pale or
unsaturated versions of your hues.
To use a triadic harmony successfully, the
colors should be carefully balanced - let
one color dominate and use the two others
for accent.
22. Rectangle (tetradic) Color Scheme
The rectangle or tetradic color scheme uses
four colors arranged into two complementary
pairs. It is also known as Double Split
Complementary Color Scheme.
This rich color scheme offers plenty of
possibilities for variation.
The tetradic color scheme works best if you
let one color be dominant.
23. Square Color Scheme
The square color scheme is similar to
the rectangle, but with all four colors
spaced evenly around the color circle.
The square color scheme works best if
you let one color be dominant.
