Wireless networking

1. UNIT-4 PART-2

4. Block Diagram of Cellular System

6. Local Landline Telephone Network (PSTN)

10. First Generation Wireless Networks Mobile User Base Station MSC

11. fixed network BSC BSC MSC MSC GMSC OMC, EIR, AUC VLR HLR NSS with OSS RSS 4.11.1 VLR

14. Fixed Network transmission Hierarchy Signal level Digital bit rate Equivalent voice ckts. Carrier system North America and Japan DS-0 64.0 Kbps 1 - DS-1 1.544 Mbps 24 T-1 DS-1c 3.152 Mbps 48 T-1c DS-2 6.312 Mbps 96 T-2 DS-3 44.736 Mbps 672 T-3 DS-4 274.176 Mbps 4032 T-4 CEPT( Europe and more other PTTs) 0 64.0 Kbps 1 - 1 2.048 Mbps 30 E-1 2 8.448 Mbps 120 E-1c 3 34.368 Mbps 480 E-2 4 139.264 Mbps 1920 E-3 5 565.148 Mbps 7680 E-4

18. Packet Switching Packet Data Format Fields in a Typical packet data HEADER USER DATA TRAILER FLAG ADDRESS FIELD CONTROL FIELD INFORMATION FIELD FRAME CHECK SEQUENCE FIELD

19. X.25 Protocol

20. Figure 17-3 Format of a Frame in X.25

21. Layers of X.25 Protocol

23. UNIT-4 PART -3

25. GSM Network Architecture

26. NSS MS MS BTS BSC GMSC IWF OMC BTS BSC MSC MSC A bis U m EIR HLR VLR VLR A BSS PDN ISDN, PSTN RSS radio cell radio cell MS AUC OSS signaling O

27. U m A bis A BSS radio subsystem MS MS BTS BSC BTS BTS BSC BTS network and switching subsystem MSC MSC Fixed partner networks IWF ISDN PSTN PDN SS7 EIR HLR VLR ISDN PSTN

28. GSM Speech Processing

29. GSM Signaling Protocol

31. A3 RAND K i 128 bit 128 bit SRES* 32 bit A3 RAND K i 128 bit 128 bit SRES 32 bit SRES* =? SRES SRES RAND SRES 32 bit mobile network SIM AC MSC SIM K i : individual subscriber authentication key SRES: signed response

32. A8 RAND K i 128 bit 128 bit K c 64 bit A8 RAND K i 128 bit 128 bit SRES RAND encrypted data mobile network (BTS) MS with SIM AC BTS SIM A5 K c 64 bit A5 MS data data cipher key

33. GPRS

34. .

37. GSM Architecture BTS MS BTS BTS MS BSC BSC MSC GMSC MS EIR VLR HLR AUC PSTN PDN ISDN

38. GPRS Architecture BTS BTS MS BSC Gb SGSN Gf Gs Gr D EIR MSC/VLR HLR Gc Gn GGSN Gi PDN Gp GGSN Other GPRS PLMN

44. Routing PLMN1 PLMN2 MS BTS BSC SGSN Gn Intra-PLMN GPRS Backbone Gn Gn SGSN GGSN Gi Packet Data Network(PDN) Eg.Internet,Intranet Border Gateway Gp Inter-PLMN GPRS Backbone Border Gateway Intra-PLMN GPRS Backbone GGSN Router LAN Host SGSN BSC BTS

49. PLL RFL Phy Layer MAC Network Service Relay RLC BSSP Phy Layer Phy Layer Network Data Link Service Service BSSGP IP LLC TCP/UDP Relay SNDCP GTP Phy layer Data Link Layer IP TCP/UDP Network Layer (IP or X.25) GTP RLC :Radio link control BSSGP:BSS GPRS Application protocol PLL :Physical link layer GTP :GPRS tunneling protocol RFL :Physical RF layer TCP :Transmission control protocol MAC:Medium access control UDP :user datagram protocol IP :Internet Protocol Transmission Plane BSS SGSN GGSN Gm Gb Gi

50. PLL RFL RLC MAC LLC SNDCP Network Layer Application PLL PHY RFL Layer MAC Network Service Relay RLC BSSGP MS BSS SNDCP:Subnetwork dependent convergence protocol LLC :Logical link control RLC :Radio link control Um

51. Application Application LLC RLC MAC GSM/RF GMM/SM GSM RF Physical layer MAC Network service Relay RLC BSSGP Phy Layer Network layer BSSGP LLC GMM/SM MS BSS SGSN GMM/SM:GPRS Mobilty Management and session Management Protocol GSM/RF:GSM physical layer(radio interface) I.e.PLL and RFL Signalling Plane:MSSGSN Um Gb

52. BSSAP SCCP MTP3 MTP2 Phy Layer Phy Layer MTP2 MTP3 SCCP BSSAP Signalling Plane SGSN MSC/VLR SGSN MSC/VLR Gs

53. MAP TCAP SCCP MTP3 MTP2 Phy Layer Phy Layer MTP2 MTP3 SCCP TCAP MAP MAP :Mobile Application Part TCAP :Transaction capabilities and application part SCCP :Signalling connection control part MTP :Message transfer part SGSN HLR(and EIR) Signalling Plane SGSNHLR/SGSNEIR Gr

54. 1 123 2 1 124 . . . . . . 935 MHz 935.2 MHz 960 MHz 959.8 MHz 200 KHz 1 123 2 124 . . . . . . 890 MHz 890.2 MHz 915 MHz 914.8 MHz 200 KHz 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Data Burst = 156.25 bit periods 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 TDMA Frame TDMA Frame Uplink Downlink Time Slot

55. 0 1 2 4 3 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 4 3 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 4 3 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 4 3 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 Uplink Downlink Voice User1 Voice User2 GPRS User1 GPRS User2 GPRS User3 F1 F2 F3 F4 F1 F2 F3 F4 Time Slot Number Carrier Frequency

57. Group Channel Function Direction Packet data Traffic channel PDTCH Data Traffic MS BSS Packet broadcast control channel PBCCH Broadcast Control MS BSS Packet common Control Channel (PCCCH) PRACH PAGCH PPCH PNCH Random Access Access Grant Paging Notification MS BSS MS BSS MS BSS MS BSS Packet Dedicated Control Channels PACCH PTCCH Associated Control Timing Advance Control MS BSS MS BSS

58. MS BSS PRACH or RACH PAGCH or AGCH Random Access Transmission Packet channel Request PACCH PACCH PDTCH PACCH PDTCH PACCH Packet Immediate assignment Packet resource Request Packet resource assignment Frame Transmission Negative Acknowledgement Retransmission of blocks in error Acknowledgement

59. PRACH or RACH PAGCH or AGCH Paging Transmission Packet channel Request PACCH PACCH or PAGCH PDTCH PACCH PDTCH PACCH Packet Immediate assignment Packet paging response Packet resource assignment Frame Transmission Negative Acknowledgement Retransmission of blocks in error Acknowledgement Packet paging request PPCH or PCH MS BSS

63. CDMA Digital Cellular Standard