A presentation to Island Health, British Columbia, on progress towards low-carbon and zero carbon hospitals and facilities in Europe and North America.
58. FRANCE
550 bed Avicenne Hospital: biomass boiler, solar PV
€12 million will save 4,500 tonnes of CO2 emissions.
20 years: €300/tonne
The regional health agency is using the Renewable
Energy Guide to encourage other hospitals in
Greater Paris to explore energy-related investment
plans.
59. HUNGARY
Zala County Hospital, 1060 beds, three sites.
Already uses small solar thermal to supply hot water.
2 km deep geothermal heating system
€1.5 million saves nearly 2,000 tonnes CO2 €750/tonne
Over 20 years = €37/tonne
Zero carbon roadmap: solar PV could close the remaining
gap but would need off-site project
60. Ethianum Hospital in Heidelberg, Germany
45 ground-source heat bore holes
up to 70 meters deep
61. United Kingdom
650 bed Raigmore Hospital, Inverness: uses heavy fuel oil
for thermal energy due to remoteness from national gas.
RES: Two biomass boilers
€3.4 million = 50% RES, save 5,500 tonnes CO2 per annum.
€618/tonne Over 20 years = €31/tonne
62. in Scotland the devolved Government has set a target for
the publicly funded hospital sector to reduce CO2 emissions
by 3%, year-on-year.
The effect is to raise the priority of capital investment in
renewable energy systems within hospitals.
63. Britain's Greenest Hospital
“Urgent need to reduce our carbon footprint”:
• More efficient lighting, heat exchangers and building controls:
overall energy reduction of 26% since introduction of carbon
management in 2007/8.
• Biomass boiler will reduce annual CO2 emissions by 3,459 tonnes.
• Smaller 200 kilowatt biomass boiler will make the Centre self
sufficient in heat.
• Ground source heating pumps in Cystic Fibrosis Unit
• Car share and cycle to work schemes
• A commitment by the Trust Board to maintain a robust
sustainability policy.
64. “Saving energy means saving money. The trust says such efficiencies
have been partly eaten up by increased gas prices, but estimates in-
year savings of £15,000. Furthermore, it reckons the biomass boilers
will save it £40,000 from 2011-12 onwards under the government's
scheme to charge large users of energy for every tonne of carbon
dioxide they release.”
65. • Staff nursery allotment and therapeutic gardens
• Program for development of green champions
• Better use of water
• Targets for reducing waste
• Annual sustainability symposium
• Staff health club focusing on walking, running, yoga and tai chi.
• 200 of the 5,500 staff cycle to work
• Showers for cyclists
• Bike-purchase loan scheme for patients and staff using
unclaimed bicycles from the police
• 150 members of staff share their cars
70. Window refurbishment
6,514 windows
= 4 x more efficient
Insulated Radiative Barriers
Chiller plant
Variable speed drives
5% improvement
Air handling units
Variable air volume
Wireless Control
Network
72. PEER LEARNING
WORKSHOP - HOLLAND
Dutch voluntary commitment to 30% reduction in
energy consumption by 2015.
Criteria for payback of capital investment had been
relaxed; break-even periods of 7-8 years being
adopted in some cases. Has made huge difference to
what can be achieved with energy efficiency.
Notable examples of ground source heat pumps in
some Dutch hospitals
73. PEER LEARNING
WORKSHOP - SPAIN
Hospital de Mataró (near Barcelona): uses Green
Pipe (Tub Verd) powered by sewage and municipal
waste.
Hospital de Mollet (new): solar PV, ground source
heat is one of biggest systems in Europe; natural
light.
74. PEER LEARNING
WORKSHOP - PARIS
4,000 MW district heating system serves whole Paris
metropolitan, thermal energy to all hospitals in AP-HP.
35% of network powered by energy recovery from domestic
waste: 50% by 2015 from biomass, biofuel and geothermal.
New district cooling network being developed in using
water from River Seine.
Several French hospitals plan to invest in biomass heating
systems. Discussion on positive and negative aspects of
biomass, importance of measurement and comparative
data to understand what is possible.
76. The geothermal buildings use 25%
of the energy used by
the other buildings.
13 months to pay for themselves.
77. The loops lie 30 feet deep in Saanich Inlet, covering a surface
of about 1,000 square feet. Stainless steel exchangers
provided a $250,000 savings compared to the cost of
traditional exchangers
81. Control artificial lights to guarantee comfort conditions avoiding
energy wastes.
ICT infrastructure energy saving strategies: presence detection,
luminance level optimization, time schedule based control.
LED lights guarantee improved efficiency due to higher lux – watt ratio
and allow control strategies without decreasing light source lifetime.
82. Energy savings in Hospital de Mollet, 2014
Energy saving strategies implemented for Surgery Room Air Unit
New control algorithms based on particle counter save 11% of
electricity consumption of the surgery rooms ventilation system.
Air supply flow is regulated to maintain sanitary conditions,
guarantee air quality and save energy.
Hot & Cold Production system has new energy meters that enable
innovative control algorithms - 10% savings on electricity and gas
consumption. Able to obtain best performance of each machine at
every moment.
83. www.ecoquip.eu
“Healthcare organisations are … unaware of the benefits that a
proactive approach to procurement of innovative new solutions can
bring. This means that opportunities for innovation are missed and
problems remain unsolved in a sector that has around 15,000 hospitals
in Europe, accounts for some 5% of CO2 emissions and represents a
huge slice of public procurement budgets.”
84.
85. 50 of the Greenest Hospitals in America
September 2013
Recycling & waste
• Styrofoam recycling
• Employee uniforms made out of recycled plastic bottles.
• 100% dining ware in cafeteria; 90% in inpatient areas compostable and
biodegradable.
• Reductions in red bag biohazardous waste
• Greening the operating room- recycles 675 pounds of blue wrap every month.
• Hospital uses 220,000 reusable isolation gowns and 231,000 incontinent pads pa
• Reprocessing medical devices, reducing medical waste, purchasing reusable
pillows; composts 90% of food waste.
• Unused medication recycling program
• Ecologically safe disposal of hazardous bio-waste
86. 50 of the Greenest Hospitals in America
September 2013
Energy & Water
• PlaNYC Hospital Carbon Challenge aims to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions 30% by 2018.
• New white roof made out of recycled materials to reflect heat,
decreases heating and cooling.
• Natural sunlight hits 80% of available space
• Bio-retention areas for water runoff
• Microfiber mop system cut water use by 43,000 gallons and
chemical use by 90%.
87. 50 of the Greenest Hospitals in America
September 2013
Engagement
• 55 different energy projects, saving $2.1 million that
year. Changed to greener supplies.
• Green Team includes 225 sustainability leaders and
officers
www.beckershospitalreview.com
88. Designed with goal of becoming greenest hospital in
Canada, and North America’s first new built
carbon-neutral hospital.
St. Mary’s Hospital, Sechelt
89. • High-performance building envelope
• 125 boreholes for heating and cooling through radiant slabs.
• 19 kW PV array
• Green roof reduces solar heat gain
• Passive design strategies, solar shading, operable windows, natural
ventilation
• Lighting with occupancy sensors
• Exhaust air recovery ventilation
• On target to achieve 40% energy savings compared to other LEED
Gold hospitals
St. Mary’s Hospital, Sechelt
90.
91. $$ Is There a Green Premium? $$
LEED Certified Hospitals: Perspectives on Capital Cost
Premiums and Operational Benefits
The average capital cost premium for LEED-certified
hospitals under 100,000 sq.ft. was 1.24%
For hospitals over 100,000 sq.ft. it was 0.67%,
based on analysis of 15 LEED-certified hospitals.
93. • 75% of entire carbon footprint came from procurement process
• Assembly, packaging, transport, storage and handling of products
and materials = 60% of the entire carbon footprint of the NHS.
• 3-month pilot study to embed carbon reduction into UCLH's
purchasing and introduce "whole life" carbon costing.
• Worked with partners to launch neutral vendor supply chain
initiative: all goods delivered to a single warehouse and held
centrally. Loads consolidated before being transported, so fewer
vehicles.
• Reduces transport on roads by 15%, saves 7,000 tonnes CO2/pa
• Sourcing local fruit and vegetables, free range chicken and red-
tractor certified meat, offering low-carbon menu options to staff
and patients, at no extra cost.
Low-Carbon Procurement Strategy
95. Ground-source = 85% heat, 40%
total energy.
Hospital divided into energy
blocks for detailed use analysis.
Heat recovery from exhaust
ventilation
Energy optimization of ventilation
system
Shading devices on windows
facing south and west
Low temperature radiators for
maximum utilization of heat
pump
40,000 points and 3,000 rooms
individually temperature
controlled
96. May 2008, Gundersen Health System
Wisconsin, Minnesota and Iowa
Offset 100% of fossil fuel-based energy by 2014.
41 clinics, 325-bed hospital, 3 critical access hospitals,
variety of affiliate organizations, EMS ambulance service,
rural hospitals, nursing homes, hospice.
Gundersen Health System
100. The following measures were used to attain 50% energy savings:
• Reduced lighting power densities
• Daylighting sensors in applicable perimeter zones
• Occupancy sensors in applicable zones
• More insulative envelope (opaque exterior and fenestration)
• Reduced infiltration through tighter envelope construction
• Overhangs on south-facing fenestrations
• A multizone variable air volume dedicated outdoor air system with
zone-level water-to-air heat pumps, common condenser loop with
temperature maintained though use of chiller and boiler
• High-efficiency chillers, boilers, and water heaters
• Demand controlled ventilation
• More efficient pumps
• Integration of subsystems to achieve whole-building performance.
101. Interseasonal Heat Transfer™
for low carbon hospitals
• Reliable, low-cost on-site space heating by recycling solar energy
• Saves 50% carbon emissions compared to gas boiler
• Reliable, low-cost, on site cooling by recycling winter cold
• Saves over 80% carbon emissions compared to standard cooling
• Low-cost heat source for processes using ThermalBanks
• Prolongs life of solar thermal panels by storing heat instead of
allowing to overheat in summer
www.icax.co.uk
102. Interseasonal Heat Transfer (IHT) recycles heat from an Asphalt Solar Collector down
to a Thermal Bank in summer, and a heat pump to recycle heating in winter.
Doubles the CoP of the heat pump by starting from a warm ThermalBank.
103. Laying down a ThermalBank before the insulated foundations are installed.
Stores heat in the ground, retrieved in winter for heating.
Doubles the performance of the heat pump by starting with a warm ThermalBank
instead of cold ground.
104. Solar Collector captures summer heat for storage in the
ground & release for heating in winter. ICAX doubles the
CoP of the heat pump by starting with a warm ThermalBank
105. The heat pump in an ICAX Skid
starts with warmth from a ThermalBank
instead of starting with cold ground temperature.
106. Tesco, Oldham, UK
25,400 sq ft
First supermarket heated and cooled by Interseasonal Heat Transfer.
41% reduced emissions from heating and cooling.
CoP 8.5 (normal 3.5)
Each 1kW of electricity produces 8.5 kW of heat.
107. Wellington Civic & Leisure Centre, UK
ICAX extracts heat from solar roofing,
and from changing room and swimming pool ventilation.
Used for domestic hot water, swimming pool. Excess
summer heat stored in ThermalBank for re-cycling in winter.
108. Merton, London, UK
Intergenerational Acacia Centre
Initially the architects looked at a biomass boiler.
Costs grew as they included storage for the woodchip fuel,
space for delivering fuel to the site,
and the practicalities of managing a boiler installation.
A review of energy requirements pointed to the need for
summer cooling, which the boiler could not provide.
109. ICAX proposal less expensive than biomass heat + electrical
air cooling. Took up less space, saved constructing special
building for biomass boiler. Annual running costs less.
ICAX proposal able to provide over 40% of on-site renewable
energy.
Merton Intergenerational Centre
110. Heats the building using heat from the building in summer
(by-product of cooling), stored in underground boreholes.
Advanced ground source heat pump linked to the boreholes,
recycles the stored waste heat in winter.
Merton Intergenerational Centre
129. Pre-insulated piping used to
heat most homes and
commercial buildings in
Scandinavia.
Insulation allows the delivery
of hot water at 200o C to
customers up to 23 km away,
with a net loss of only a few
degrees.
131. 800
solar hot water
panels
on the garages
90% of residential space heating needs
met by solar thermal energy (40-50o C)
Reduction - 5 tonnes of greenhouse gas
emissions per home per year.
132. The Energy Centre
Solar Thermal Heating 12 months a year
Community solar heat
panels
Solar hot water
panels
Guy Dauncey 2007
www.earthfuture.com
182. Huang Ming started Himin with the production of solar
thermal components in 1990.
• 360 internal company standards (48 relevant
international standards; 20 national standards China)
• Employs 6,300 people in Dezhou
• 60,000 partners throughout China.
• Combines all production steps from borosilicate glass to
the collector panels, tanks and complete thermosiphon
systems
183.
184.
185. Solar Valley, Dezhou, China
• 3 vacuum tube factories + 3 water heater factories
• Automated tube assembly line – 40,000 tubes a day
• PV road lighting over 16 km
• Solar office and hotel complex
• Solar university with 2000 students educated in solar
energy products, engineering and business. Most study
free of charge
• Solar sports and entertainment complex, parks and
apartments.
• Brings together developers, city planners, school
directors, hospital directors
• Goal: to set a global example of solar as a viable solution.
• Receives 1,500-4,000 visitors a day
196. 504 solar tubes feed heat into a central heating and cooling system
Owners save up to 75% of annual energy costs.
In summer, the solar field powers the absorption chillers for air-conditioning.
Excess heat is stored in a seasonal storage area below the building complex with
1,800 bore holes, large enough to supply the entire Utopia Garden Project.
Electric compression and gas absorption chillers serve as backup when the solar heat
does not reach a high enough temperature to run the solar chillers.
Winter space heating primarily covered by seasonal storage ground source heat
pumps. If not sufficient, rest of their energy from a district heat system.
201. • Solar water heating
• BIPV lighting
• Energy-saving glass
• Ceiling radiation
• Intelligent sun-shading
• Intelligent building control
• 1994 square meters solar heat collection
• Mono-silicon and poly-silicon thin film batteries
• 70% solar energy conversion
202. 1/10th energy of a conventional building.
Heating and cooling from huge solar thermal
installation with aquifuge trans-seasonal energy
storage and ground source heat pump.
217. The last 10,000 years
...................................................
What happens here,
when we stop using
fossil fuels?
218. A billion years
The Sun does not begin to turn
into a Red Giant for more than a billion years.
That’s 100,000 periods
each with 10,000 years
219. A billion years
The Sun does not begin to turn
into a Red Giant for more than a billion years.
And with every passing year,
solar technology will improve
and get cheaper.
224. Table Task
You have been given $10 million to invest
with the goal of reducing GHGs.
What’s your preference?
Decide – Share why - Discuss
1. Biomass heat
2. Ground-source/water-source heat
3. Solar thermal heat + inter-seasonal storage
4. Solar thermal heat + inter-seasonal storage
+ ground-source heat pump