My CSCW presentation titled 'Exploring the social-technological gap in telesurgery:Collaboration within distributed OR teams'
Full paper can be found here: http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2531602.2531717&coll=DL&dl=GUIDE&CFID=293488017&CFTOKEN=66434473
Strategize a Smooth Tenant-to-tenant Migration and Copilot Takeoff
'Exploring the social-technological gap in telesurgery: collaboration within distributed OR teams' - CSCW 2014
1. Exploring the
social-technological
gap in telesurgery:
Collaboration within
distributed OR teams
Pieter Duysburgh
Shirley A. Elprama
Prof. dr. An Jacobs
- CSCW 2014 / Baltimore 1
2. Location A
Location B
Source: Marescaus, J., Leroy, J., Rubino, F., et al. Transcontinental Robot-Assisted Remote Telesurgery: Feasibility, and potential
2
applications. Annals of Surgery 235, 4 (2002), 487-492.
7. Roles in the operating room
Minimal invasive surgery
Anesthetist:
pharmacologically induces
and monitors the patients
Surgeon: operates on patients
Circulating nurse: Hands
tools to scrub nurse / assistant
and works in non-sterile area
Assistant: helps surgeon (e.g.
placing staples, holding tissue)
Scrub nurse: Helps surgeon /
assistant and hands them tools
8
12. Research questions
What are the current collaborative practices in robotassisted surgery?
What can we learn from this with regard to OR
collaboration in (robot-assisted) telesurgery?
13
13. Proxy technology assessment (PTA)
PTA is “a method for emulating practices
with future technologies and applications
by confronting selected user groups with
existing similar tools and applications”
(Pierson et al., 2006)
14
15. Collaborative challenges in telesurgery
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Procedural preferences of surgeons
Trust between remote and local surgeon
Keeping an overview of the OR
Mediated communication
Incremental effort increasement
16
16. Collaborative challenges in telesurgery
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Procedural preferences of surgeons
Trust between remote and local surgeon
Keeping an overview of the OR
Mediated communication
Incremental effort increasement
17
17. 1. Procedural preferences of surgeons
Close working relationships
No knowledge of prefered approach
to medical problem
Increased operating time
“I always know what they are going to
think or say” – Scrub nurse
19/02/2
“It would be exhausting [to have a
new team composition each day].
You would have to ask [for instruments],
while now we are used to each other,
the nurse knows what we are doing, [she]
gives the default instruments and has
prepared the things that you need. You just
have to reach out with your hand
without [verbally] asking for it. And
this will be difficult if you would have a new
team or changing teams” - Surgeon
18
18. 2. Trust between surgeons
The presence of two equivalent surgeons
challenges the hierarchy in the OR
The surgeons have to rely on each other
skills, e.g. for trocar placement
Surgical interventions are ‘forwarded’ and
hence more likely to be complicated
19
19. 3. Keeping an overview of the OR
Surgeons frequently step away
from the robot console
Contextual sound amplification
Is disturbing rather than supportive
New coping strategies will
have to be developed
“When doing open surgery or laparoscopy,
you can see the monitors of the anesthetist,
you can see who is entering and leaving
the OR. (...) You can tell if there is a problem
or a discussion. You have
a good overview of what is going on.
But when sitting at the controller, you’re
unable to see things like that, you
cannot even see the patient.” - Surgeon
20
20. Wrapping up Wrapping up
OR team should get acquainted with the
procedural preferences of the remote surgeon
Clear agreements between the
collaborating surgeons
Provide alternatives for current
coping strategies
21
21. Discussion
Other types of real-time remote collaborations in surgery
Teleconsultation
Telementoring
Telestration
Distributed OR teams
Fixed teams?
Structural collaborations?
Complemented with face-to-face encounters?
22
Let me start by showing you these pictures of what has called ‘Operation Lindberg’. They were made in 2001 and what you see is the first actual remote surgical or telesurgery operation, done between New York City and Strasbourgh and performed on a 68 year old woman over a distance of 7000 kilometer. It was done by dokter Marescaux and his team: I show you this, to illustrate that the technical feasibility of telesurgery has been shown over 13 years, but today telesurgery is not a thing that is happening. This presentation will look at the challenges for telesurgery from the perspective of the OR team. In the literature, the challenges for telesurgery are mainly understood als techonological, legal or financial, but I will try to argue that there are also some important challenges with regard to collaboration.
Telesurgery as we understand it for the purpose of the paperThe surgeon is remote, ad hoc relationship
Telesurgery is being looked into because it potentially has some clear advantages: It can bring the expertise of a highly specialized and highly skilled surgeons to virtually any OR in the world, or to that OR where the surgeons skills are most required. As such, highly specialized interventions would no longer require the surgeon or patient to travel. “1) providing surgical care to patients who would otherwise go untreated;2) improving the overall quality of care by enabling expert surgeons to proliferate their skills more effectively;3) reducing the cost by eliminating unnecessary patient and surgeon travel.” (Butner & Ghodoussi, 2003, p. 818) GO TO NEXT SLIDE
These are the thresholds that Legel challenges mainly have to do with accountability: who will be held responsabile in case of a medical error?Technical challenges mainly have to do with video stream latencyWe have actually examined this technical issue ourselves in a series of experiments
A. Kumcu, S. Elprama, L. Vermeulen, P. Duysburgh, L. Platiša, Y. Van Nieuwenhove, N. Van De Winkel, A. Jacobs, J. Van Looy, W. Philips, "Effect of video latency on performance and subjective experience in laparoscopic surgery", In Medical Image Perception Conference XV, Washington D.C., USA, August 14-26, 2013. [bib]Latency: between the movement you make and the feedbacj you receive on the screen
Collaborative aspect is often ignored/overseen and we think it’s important to considerThe OR team is usually a very tight team.There is a clear hierarchy: everyone know what he/she has to do. Normally you don’t have to ask explicitlyVery coordinated working team.http://digital.ni.com/public.nsf/$CXIV/ATTACH-AEEE-864JLV/$FILE/Communication%20Error%20Occured.jpghttp://danielglasser.me/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Computer-Code.jpghttp://www.legaladvantagehrsolutions.com/images/legalimage1.jpg
As you can see, all these pictures were taken during the observations. First, there was open surgeryThen MISNotice how everyone stands very close togetherSnellerer door heenVoordeel: less scarring en quicker recoveryTrocar!!
RSNotice distance surgeon and patientAdvantages: no tremor, 3D vision, can change the scale of movement 3/1 scaleDisadvantages: no tactile feedback
The surgeon is remote, ad hoc relationship
A close examination and good understanding of the social-technical gap in robot-assisted surgery can steer future developments of telesurgery techology or help explaining why it remains a rare practice
Problem: telesurgery is very rareThere is no telesurgery being done, but we want to understand how team practices would work. So what is the closest technology to telesurgery? They use the same technology, the surgeon is a bit removed. Understanding team dynamics in such a location will help when a team is remote.TO DO: uitschrijven en quote nietoplezen
Limitations: Ethnograpic approach, limited number of participantsHigh time pressure during interviewsNo observation of any ‘real’ telesurgery
In this presentation I will only explain the first three challenges, due to time limits. The other we can discuss after the presentation or you can read about in the paper
Scrub nurseReally close working relationship with surgeon work together with someone they know lessCommunication usually is via scrub nurseCirculating nurse*
Two surgeons share the same position in the hierarchy of the or teamNow, when surgeons work togetherOne of them is an assistant, who has to take directions from the surgeonOr the surgeons have another specialization;