by, Gurpreet kaur, BPT 3rd year, DPSRU Neck pain- it is very common nowadays that can be found in 75% cases of people. neck pain can be seen in any age group person. and most important way to correct is the right erganomics

1. 1
PRESENTATION BY
GURPREET KAUR
BPT 6TH SEM
52/BPT/DPSRU/18

2. OUTLINE
1. INTRODUCTION
2. ANATOMY OF THE CERVICAL SPINE ( NECK )
3. EPIDEMIOLOGY
4. RISK FACTORS
5. TYPESOFNECKPAIN
6. CAUSES
7. SYMPTOMS
8. DIAGNOSIS
9. MANAGEMENT AND TREATMENT
10. PREVENTION
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3. WHAT IS NECK PAIN?
• Neck pain- is the sensation of discomfort in the neck area.
• Neck pain can result from disorders of any of the structures in
the neck, including the cervical vertebrae and intervertebral
discs, nerves, muscles, blood vessels, esophagus, larynx,
trachea, lymphatic organs, thyroid gland, or parathyroid
glands.
• Its very common condition, and we experience it for at least
once in our lifetime.
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4. ANATOMY
• The neck consists of 7 bones C1-C7.
• The large muscles of the neck such as the sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius. there are
8 cervical nerves.
• C1,C2 and C3 help control the head and neck, including movements forward, backward,
and to the sides.
• C4 helps to control upward shoulder movement and helps to power the diaphragm.
• C5 helps to control the deltoids and the biceps .
• C6 helps to control the wrist extensors
• C7 helps control the triceps and wrist extensors
• C8 helps control the hands, such as finger flexion.
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5. EPIDEMIOLOGY
• COMMON IN FEMALES.
• AN INCREASED RISK OF DEVELOPING NECK PAIN UNTIL THE 35-49-YEAR AGE GROUP, AFTER
WHICH THE RISK BEGINS TO DECLINE.
• >75% PEOPLE EXPERIENCE IT ONCE IN THEIR LIFETIME
• DESKTOP WORKERS
• DERPRESSION AND ANXIETY
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6. RISK FACTORS
• Physical Risk Factors-
1. keeping the neck held in a forward leaning
position for long periods of time
2. numerous quick neck motions
3. frequently working in a stationary posture
frequently
4. doing exactly the same motions every minute
5. regularly sitting down for extended periods
6. along with computer operating hours
• Psychosocial Risk Factors ( F>M)
1. mental fatigue following the day
2. lack of adequate number of employees
3. non-restorative work breaks
4. performing exactly the same tasks throughout
the day
5. Lonliness
6. being frustrated in relation to others.
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7. TYPES OF NECK PAIN
• Axial Neck Pain- The most common type of neck pain, also called
mechanical pain.
1. Axial pain is focused on one part or region of the neck and
does not move or radiate.
2. It typically feels dull, achy, or throbbing but can also be
sharp or stinging.
3. Neck muscle strains and/or ligament sprains are typical
causes of axial neck pain.
• Radicular Pain
1. Radicular pain can occur when a nerve root in the cervical spine
becomes inflamed, causing pain to radiate along the nerve, down
into the shoulder, arm, and/or hand.
2. Involves the nerve, and nerve pain can feel searing or electric
shock-like. The pain can intensify with certain movements and
posture.
• Referred Pain
1. When pain is experienced in a location other than its source and
is not caused by nerve root irritation but due to spondylosis ( wear
and tear due to age )
2. It is usually experienced as a deep, achy, cramping and/or
throbbing sensation
3. Referred pain is typically felt on only one side of the body, but
it can be on both.
• Myelopathic Pain
1. Develops When the spinal cord in the neck becomes
compressed. Due to spinal cord lesion, compression due to
degenerative changes in cervical spine
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8. CAUSES
• MUSCLE TENSION AND STRAIN
• poor posture
• working at a desk for too long without changing
position
• sleeping with your neck in a bad position
• jerking your neck during exercise
• WHIPLASH INJURY
• The neck is particularly vulnerable to injury,
especially in falls, car accidents, and sports, where
the muscles and ligaments of the neck are forced
to move outside of their normal range.
• If the neck bones are fractured, the spinal cord
may also be damaged.
• . Rheumatoid arthritis- causes pain, swelling
of the joints, and bone spurs. When these occur in
the neck area, neck pain can result.
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9. • Meningitis- An inflammation of the thin tissue
that surrounds the brain and spinal cord, due to
infection. ( viral ) The fever and a headache often
occur with a stiff neck
• Osteoporosis- weakens bones and can lead to
small fractures. This condition often happens in
hands or knees, but it can also occur in the neck.
• Fibromyalgia- is a condition that causes
muscle pain throughout the body, especially in
the neck and shoulder region. Makes up different
areas of tenderness
• Spondylosis, or osteoarthritis- This can
narrow the space between the vertebrae. It also
adds stress to your joints.
• Herniated cervical disk - When a disk
protrudes, as from a trauma or injury, it may add
pressure on the spinal cord or nerve roots.
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10. SYMPTOMS
• Pain that's often worsened by holding your head in one place for
long periods, such as when driving or working at a computer
• Muscle tightness and spasms
• Dizziness, TINGLING SENSATION, NUMBNESS
• Headache reproduced with provocation of the involved upper
cervical segments
• Limited cervical ROM
• Restricted upper cervical segmental mobility
• Strength, endurance, and coordination deficits of the neck muscle
• Gait pattern disturbance
• Dysphagia (swallowing difficulties)
• Dysarthria (problems with speech)
• Nausea
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11. DIAGNOSIS
• Complete Medical History- Current symptoms,
Occupation., Lifestyle.
• Physical Exam for Diagnosing Neck Pain
Observation. Examine the posture, particularly the neck
and shoulders, and inspect the neck for any lesions or
abnormalities.
> Inspection. -Bone contours ? Deformity. -Soft-tissue
contours
 Color & Texture of skin. -Scars & sinuses,
 Palpation. -Skin temperature. -Bone contours. -Soft-
tissue contours. -Local tenderness.
 Neurological state of upper limb. -Muscular system,
Fasciculation or Wasting. -Sensory system, -Sweating,
moist or dry.
 Examination of extreinsic sources of neck pain - Pain
may referred from other organ like Ears or throat. -
Checking Brachial plexus distribution. -others organs
testing.
Range of motion test. REFER IMAGE
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12. • SPECIAL TEST
• AdSON’S TEST-Adson's test helps to see compression of the Subclavian artery by a cervical rib or tightened
anterior and middle scalene muscles.
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13. 13
• RADIOLOGICAL IMAGING
X-RAY, MRI AND CT SCAN

14. TREATMENT
• Treatment of neck pain Mainly depend on etiology & onset of Condition.
• Main treatment is to treat underlying causative factors.
• Sometime emergency first aid is necessary for traumatic neck pain
• CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT
• Rest- Rest is important for all acute neck pain with others
• Rest with proper positioning of neck that is seen by therapist or physician.
• Drug Therapy- Analgesic, Anti inflammatory, NSAID, Injections
• PHYSIOTHERAPY
Electrotherapy. -Superficial Modalities.
• Deep thermal modalities, e.g. . MWD,SWD.
• Hot pack
• Ultrasonic therapy.
• LEASER therapy.
• TENS therapy
• IFT
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15. Exercise therapy-
• Neck muscle
strengthening
exercise.
• Neck Isometrics
• Neck
mobilization.
• Cervical traction
approach.
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16. Orthotics device-
• Cervical collar
• Halter collar
• Hallo cervical traction
• Contour types pillows.
ADL(Activities for daily living)
• Regular exercise.
• Proper lying, sitting & working.
• Maintain proper body alignment
• Maintain appropriate Ergonomics
• Neck Ergonomics
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17. Surgical
Procedures
• Dissectomy (with or
without fusion)- The
surgeon removes herniated
disc material that is
pressing on a nerve root or
the spinal cord.
• Cervical spinal fusion-
Selected bones in the neck
are joined (fused) together.
• Spinal Decompression-
Pressure is reduced on the
spinal cord or spinal nerve
roots by removing part of a
bone or disc.
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18. PREVENTION
• Use good posture. When standing and sitting, be sure
your shoulders are in a straight line over your hips and
your ears are directly over your shoulders.
• Take frequent breaks. If you travel long distances or
work long hours at your computer, get up, move around
and stretch your neck and shoulders.
• Adjust your desk, chair and computer so that the
monitor is at eye level. Knees should be slightly lower than
hips. Use your chair's armrests.
• Avoid tucking the phone between your ear and
shoulder when you talk. Use a headset or speakerphone
instead.
• If you smoke, quit. Smoking can put you at higher risk
of developing neck pain.
• Avoid carrying heavy bags with straps over your
shoulder. The weight can strain your neck.
• Sleep in a good position. Your head and neck should be
aligned with your body. Use a small pillow under your
neck. Try sleeping on your back with your thighs elevated
on pillows, which will flatten your spinal muscles.
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19. THANK YOU
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