The document discusses the new space race among private companies and countries to explore Mars. It provides background on past Mars missions from the US and USSR and profiles current efforts by NASA, SpaceX, Mars One, and Inspiration Mars to send humans to Mars. It also discusses international collaboration in space programs and how space exploration can help promote social and economic development goals.

1. The New Space Race
Gurbir Singh www.astrotalkuk.org Oggcamp October 2015

2. Gurbir Singh www.astrotalkuk.org
Who am I?
Writer and blogger
astrotalkuk.org
@gurbirsingh

3. The plan
Who Am I?
Space Race
A bit about Mars
Matt The Martian
Human Missions to Mars
New Kids on the Space block
Economics of Space
No Race - No Mars Mission
International Collaboration
Gurbir Singh www.astrotalkuk.org October 2015

4. The Space Race
Gurbir Singh www.astrotalkuk.org October 2015

5. 7.30pm, November 12th
Randolph Hotel
Oxford, UK
Apollo 15 Command Module
Pilot, Al Worden
Talk by Al Worden followed by Q&A
Autograph signing (items to buy or
bring your own Moon
memorabilia)
Photo opportunities
Al Worden will be signing
autographs, standing for
photographs and be available for
a ‘meet and greet’

6. Science or Science Fiction?
Gurbir Singh www.astrotalkuk.org
Optical observations
1877 – Giovani Schiaparelli
1894 – Percival Lowell
1899 – Nikola Tesla
“He has received communication, he asserts, from out the great void of space: a call from the
inhabitants of Mars, or Venus, or some other sister planet! nd, furthermore, noted scientists like Sir
Norman Lockyer are disposed to agree with Mr. Tesla in his startling deductions”
http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/tesla/esp_tesla_12.htm
Fiction
HG Wells, Ray Bradbury, Edgar Rice Burroughs, CS
Lewis and Robert Heinlein.
Erice Burgess, Harry Turner, Arthur C Clarke

7. Mars is really Small
Gurbir Singh www.astrotalkuk.org October 2015

8. Mars Compared to Earth
Gurbir Singh www.astrotalkuk.org
Distance from Sun – 1.5
Diameter - 0.5
Tilt of axis & Length of day – about the same
Length of year – about twice
Gravity – just under 0.5
Mass – 0.1
Atmosphere - 0.01 % - LDSD test
Temperature?

9. Martian Temperature
Gurbir Singh www.astrotalkuk.org

10. From Earth to Mars

11. First Visits from Earth
Gurbir Singh www.astrotalkuk.org
Flyby/Orbiter
1960-2 – Five Soviet attempts. All failed (Sputnik 25 – lander)
1964 – Mariner 4 returned 22 images. Next Mariner 6 in 1969
1999 - Deep Space 2 – Penetrators – failed.
2004 – Rosetta – flyby
Landers/Rovers
1971 - USSR Mars 3
1975 - Viking 1&2
1996 – Pathfinder
2003 – Beagle, Spirt & opportunity
2008 – Mars Phoenix
2012 – MSL(Curiosity)
2014 - Maven and MOM
Status - today?

12. Successful Landers

13. Martian Ice

14. How Mars Kills
High Radiation - Sun and Cosmos.
Low Temperature - Average Temperature on Earth 14C, Mars
- 63C
Low Pressure - Only 1% the density of Earth
Low Gravity - Muscle and Bone weaken.
Oxygen - Not freely available
Water - Subsrface and higher latitudes, recycled urine
Food - Sterile Martian soil.
Power - Solar energy

15. Matt the Martian
High Radiation - ?
Temperature
Low Pressure - Only 1% the density of Earth
Low Gravity - Muscle and Bone weaken.
Oxygen - Not freely available
Water - Subsurface and higher latitudes, recycled urine
Food - Sterile Martian soil.
Power - Solar energy + RTG
Communicate with Earth - Ares 4 site Schaperalli
Crater 300km

16. Mission to Mars - Mars One
International
Oneway
Reality Show funded
Humans on Mars by 2027

17. Mission to Mars - Inspiration Mars
Dennis Tito
Announcement - 27 February 2013
Flyby 2018 or 2021 (via Venus)
Privately funded. Will cost $2billion $100m of his own
money.
Plans not mature yet.

18. NASA
NASAOrion Spacecraft & Space
Launch System

19. New kids on the Space block
• Brazil - Astronaut training, building and operating
satellites
• South Korea - Launched its own satellite from its
own launcher in 2013
• Iran - Placed a rat, turtle and worms into orbit in
2010. Claims of suborbital launch using a monkey.
• Israel - Build, launch and operate own satellites
• India - Own launcher, Remote Sensing, a version
of GPS, Communication Satellites, Space
exploration and Science

20. Nasa & SpaceX

21. ISRO : MOM
Gurbir Singh www.astrotalkuk.org

22. Space Exploration & Poverty
Gurbir Singh www.astrotalkuk.org
http://www.census.gov/how/infographics/poverty_measure-how.html

23. Global Space Budget
Gurbir Singh www.astrotalkuk.org
The global space economy grew
by 4% in 2013 and 9% in 2015
The UK space industry grew
strongly even during recession.
Dean increasing - Space based
Services (GPS, Mobile
communication, Satellite TV,
Space tourism..?
increasing number of countries
developing space programs -
national

24. Global Space Budget
Gurbir Singh www.astrotalkuk.org

25. No Race - No Mars Mission
Motivation
• Cold War / World War II
• Commercial
• Extraterrestrial threat?
Paradigm Shift - New technology
• Space elevator
• Non chemical propulsion
• Single stage to orbit

26. Comming Up
2016 - Insight -
ESA
2016 - Exo
Mars program -
A series of
program

27. International Collaboration
Social Economic Development
End to Poverty?
Peace on Earth?
Spacefaring civilisation?