The six kingdoms of life

1. History & Use of
Biological Classification

2. CLASSIFICATION & TAXONOMY
Classification:
• grouping based on
similarities
Taxonomy:
• Branch of Biology
• The science of
classifying/grouping
and naming of
organisms

3. Aristotle’s Classification
Scheme
• Greek philosopher who developed
first classification system
• Divided all organisms into 2 GROUPS:
1. Non motile (plants)
2. Motile (animals)
• Plants grouped by:
– size (small, medium, large)
• Animals grouped by:
– where they lived (air, water, land)

4. Binomial Nomenclature
• A system for naming organisms
by structure created by
Carl Linnaeus:
– Although Linneaus didn’t realize it,
by classifying organisms by
structure he was also classifying
them by evolutionary relationship
• Written in Latin
• Includes the organisms :
• Genus: CAPITALIZED (noun)
– means beginning
• Species: lowercase (adj.)
Example: Homo (man) sapien
(wise/thinking)

5. Scientific & Common Names
Scientific Name:
• genus and species name
– Iguana iguana
– Felis domesticus
Common name:
• Organism is commonly
called
• Not used in the
scientific community
– Green Iguana
– Domestic Cat

6. The “New” Evolutionary
Classification
• Categories that represent
lines of evolutionary
descent
• Not just physical
similarities
• This new method is called:
Evolutionary
Classification
• Scientists classify
organisms based on their
Evolutionary Beginnings

7. Cladograms
• A diagram that shows
evolutionary
relationships
• Cladograms show
derived
characteristics
• Help scientists
understand how one
lineage branched from
another in the course
of evolution

8. Traditional Classification vs. Cladogram
TRADITIONAL
CLASSIFICATION
CLADOGRAM
Appendages Conical Shells Crustaceans Gastropoda
Crab Barnacle Limpet
Physical Similarities
Evolutionary Decent:
Class
Molten exoskeleton
Segmentation
Free-swimming larvae

9. Kingdoms
• Broadest of all taxa
• Grouped into
3 domains:
1. Bacteria :
• Eubacteria
2. Archea:
• Archeabacteria
3. Eukarya:
• Protista, Fungi, Plantae,
and Animalia

10. Characteristics of the 6 Kingdoms
1. Kingdom Eubacteria:
a. all microscopic prokaryotes
b. almost all are unicellular
c. non-motile
d. commonly called bacteria
2. Kingdom Archaebacteria:
a. prokaryotes
b. live in extreme environment

11. 3. Kingdom Protista:
a. eukaryotes
b. uni and multicellular
c. live in moist environments
d. most are simple,
microscopic & mobile
*Examples: paramecium,
amoeba, euglena & algae

12. 4. Kingdom Fungi:
a. Eukaryotes
b. Uni and Multicellular
c. Consumers that do
not move
d. Decompose dead
organisms &/or waste
products
*Examples: mushrooms,
molds, & mildew

13. 5. Kingdom Plantae:
a. stationary, multicelluar
eukaryotes
b. Photosynthetic
c. Autotrophs
*(make own food)
*Examples: plants

14. 6. Kingdom Animalia:
a. Multicellular
b. Consumers that eat
& digest other
organisms
(heterotrophs)
c. May be herbivores,
carnivores & omnivores
*Examples: Animals

15. Complete Classification of Humans
1. Kingdom:
(Animalia)
2. Phylum: (Chordata)
• Dorsal nerve cord-
cartilage
• Vertebrae
3. Subphylum:
(Vertebrata)
4. Class:
(Mammalia)
5. Order:
(Primates)
6. Family:
(Hominid)
7. Genus:
(Homo)
8. Species:
(sapiens)