One would be able to understand the following points from this Presentation - - Basic Understanding of Climate and Climate Change - Cause - Effects & its Remedies - Impact of Climate Chnage on Various Businesses - Actionable Remedies - Water Conservation Plus point - Some examples Also being shared.

1. By Mr. Gladson D’souza

2. Climate &
Climate Change
Causes & Effects
Impact on
Businesses
Precautions
Recent Trends
and Technologies
Water
Conservation

3. Climate & Climate Change1

4. Causes & Effects
Natural Causes
• Forest Fire
• Methane Emissions
• Ocean Currents
• Sunspot & Solar Cycle
• Volcanic Eruptions
Man Made Causes
• Deforestation
• Fossil Fuels
• Fertilizer Use
• Landfills
• Meat Consumption
• Overpopulation
2

5. Causes & Effects
Effects : Forest fires emit carbon-filled smoke into
the atmosphere. New forests’ growth is slow & not
stable enough to produce the much needed
oxygen into the newly, suffocating carbon air.
Natural Causes – Forest Fire
Example – The Uttarakhand forest dept. estimated that 8,600
acres of forest had been burnt. Nearly 1,600 incidents of fires
were detected & brought under control by 2 May 2016.
2

6. Causes & Effects
Effects : Methane remains in the atmosphere
for 11-12 years, less time
than most other Green House Gases.
Example – Indian methane emissions have grown from 18.85 T in
1985 to 20.56 T in 2008. Enteric fermentation contributes 50–60%
over the years.
U.P. & A.P. are the hotspot methane emitting states of India.
2
Natural Causes – Methane Emissions

7. Causes & Effects
Effects : A rise in global sea levels due to global warming poses
many threats. Such as - inundate coastal wetlands & lowlands,
erode beaches, increase the risk of flooding, etc. If the Ocean
currents slow down, fewer nutrients are brought to sustain ocean
life, resulting in a crumbling of the food chain & damage to the
marine ecosystem.
The ocean is the largest sink within which carbon is stored. When
waters become saturated with carbon, excess carbon has nowhere
to go.
2
Natural Causes – Ocean Currents

8. Causes & Effects
Effects : They can change the energy radiating to
earth’s atmosphere, and thus increase climate
temperature.
Example - An increase of 0.1% of solar radiation could substantially
increase atmospheric water vapour, suggesting that solar radiation has
a strong influence on the Indian monsoon rainfall.
2
Natural Causes – Sunspot & Solar Cycle

9. Causes & Effects
Effects : On Eruption, they emit a mixture of gases &
particles into the air. Emitted Ash & SO2, have a
cooling effect, because they reflect sunlight away from the
earth. Others, such as CO2, cause warming by adding to the
greenhouse effect.
Example - When Mount Pinatubo erupted in the Philippines June 15,
1991, an estimated 20 million tons of SO2 & ash particles blasted more
than 20 km into the atmosphere.
Barren Island, in Andaman, is the only confirmed active volcano in India.
2
Natural Causes – Volcanic Eruptions

10. Causes & Effects
Effects : It have a negative impact on the environment. The
most dramatic impact is a loss of habitat for millions of
species.
Reduction in the amount of Carbon Intake.
Example - India’s forests now cover only 21.34% of the country (2016).
India is losing about 1.5 m hectares of forest cover each year.
2
Man Made Causes – Deforestation

11. Causes & Effects
Effects : GHG has far-reaching effects including rising sea
levels, increasing wildfires, more extreme weather, deadly
heat waves, more severe droughts & warming the planet.
Example - The 7 largest emitters—the U.S., the E.U., China, Russia,
Japan, India & Canada-accounted for > 70% of energy-related CO2
emissions
2
Man Made Causes – Fossil Fuel

12. Causes & Effects
Effects : Nitrous oxide creates nitric oxide when it reacts with
oxygen atoms, and so reacts with the ozone layer. NO2 is
300 times more dangerous than CO2.
Example - In 2015-16, India Produced 17,901.7 T, Imported 10,056.7 T &
Consumed 29,752.6 T (Approx.) of Fertilizer Products.
2
Man Made Causes – Fertilizer Use

13. Causes & Effects
Effects : Most of the time that garbage is burnt which
releases toxic gases including methane into the atmosphere.
These enormous amounts of toxic greenhouse gases when
go into the atmosphere make global warming worse.
Example - 43 million t of solid waste are collected annually in India, out
of which 11.9 million are treated & 31 million are dumped at landfill
sites.
2
Man Made Causes – Landfills

14. Causes & Effects
Effects : 51% of the greenhouse gases: methane, carbon
dioxide, and nitrous oxide are caused by animal agriculture.
Example - Indian methane emissions have grown from 18.85 t in 1985 to
20.56 t in 2008. U.P. & A.P. are the hotspot methane emitting states of
India.
2
Man Made Causes – Meat Consumption

15. Causes & Effects
Effects : Since CO2 contributes to global warming, the
increase in population makes the problem worse because we
breathe out more Co2 in the atmosphere. More people
means more demand for food, more CO2 in the atmosphere,
more demand for cars & more demand for homes.
Example - The world population will reach 9.8 billion in 2050, up 31 %
from an estimated 7.5 billion now (August 2017).
2
Man Made Causes – Over Population

16. Impact On Businesses
3
Businesses
which can
be
impacted
due to rise
in Global
Warming &
Climate
Change
Logistics & Transport
Travel & Tourism
Funding & Technology

17. 3
Logistics & Transport
Climate
Change
Damaged
transport
Infrastructure
Extensive
adaptation &
changes to
route planning
Direct transport carbon emissions could double by 2050.
Impact On Businesses

18. 3
Logistics & Transport
Climate
Change
Impact on Air Transport
•More storms – Delays & Cancellations
•Intense heat and rainfall - impact airport runway
•Higher temperature – reduce take off weight
Impact on Road Transport
•Reduction in fuel efficiency
•Increase energy consumption for refrigeration of perishable goods
Impact on Water Transport
•Frequent droughts and flood – smaller vessels
•Storms – longer route – increase in cost of shipping
•Increase in ship / vessel maintenance
Impact on Rail Transport
•Increased rainfall – Decreased visibility
•Increased temperature – expansion and buckling
Impact On Businesses

19. 3
Travel & Tourism
• Climate is an essential resource for Tourism
• Changing climate significantly affect the tourists’
comfort & their travel decisions
• Significant reduction in tourist arrivals will have serious
employment impacts & generate further poverty in
developing countries
Impact On Businesses

20. 3
Funding & Technology
• Global warming may lead to new inventions to reduce warming effects
• Change & increase of Investments in the renewable energy Sector
• New Technology sustenance, requires a high amount of investments
and quick adaptability
• May lead to a shift in Funding Habits with regards to the Existing
Technology.
Impact On Businesses

21. Remedies / Precautions
4
As we can agree, Human have very limited power over
Natural Causes of Climate Change.
Therefore, we would now concentrate on the problems which
is “Caused” by us – Humans & hereon look into some
Remedies / Precautions which we can work on.

22. 4
For Man Made Causes – Deforestation
1. Green Business :
Rooftop Gardening – Lift Lobby Plantation –
Balcony Gardening.
2. Law and Regulations :
Use less Paper– Recycling Activities – Smart
Products
3. Community Forestry :
Community or Corporate Tree Plantation
Activities - Plantation & Gardening within a
premises.
4. Land Use Planning :
Vertical Gardening - Office Plantation
– Pavement Plantation
5. Joint Organizations
6. Educative Campaigns
7. Eco-forestry
8. Replanting (Reforestation)
Remedies / Precautions

23. 4
For Man Made Causes – Fossil Fuel
1. Plant a Tree :
If you have the means to plant a tree, start
digging.
2. Replace Your Light Bulbs :
Replace regular light bulbs with compact
florescent light (CFL) bulbs.
3. Drive Less and Drive Smart :
Less driving means fewer emissions. Use
Public Transportation or do Car / bike
Pooling.
4. Buy Energy-Efficient Products :
Check the appliance energy usage level
before buying.
5. Use Less Hot Water :
Buy low-flow showerheads to save hot
water. Bath usually in Cold Water.
6. Use the "Off" Switch :
Save electricity and reduce global
warming by turning off lights when you
leave a room.
7. Use Less Air Conditioning
8. Encourage Others to Conserve
Remedies / Precautions

24. 4
For Man Made Causes – Fertilizer Use
Organic fertilizers can be used instead of Chemical Fertilizers.
They are renewable, biodegradable, sustainable, & environmentally
friendly.
This can be done by -
1. Making your Own Homemade Fertilizer
2. Use Fruit Skins as Fertilizers.
3. Use renewable Organic waste as Fertilizers
4. Eco Ganeshas, Eco Pencils, etc.
Remedies / Precautions

25. 4
For Man Made Causes – Landfills
1. Reduce Food Waste
2. Eat Healthy
3. Save Leftovers for Next Day
4. Buy Things With Less Packaging
5. Boycott Plastic Water Bottles
6. Composting
7. Buy rechargeable batteries
8. Purchase Items :
Made From Recycled Products
9. Recycle and Reuse :
Plastic and other non degradable Items
10. Clean Smarter :
This would help to reduce unnecessary
wastage
11. Donate :
Clothes , Stationery and Other reusable
items
Remedies / Precautions

26. 4
For Man Made Causes – Meat Consumption
1. Encourage Vegetarianism Consumption of Food.
2. It would help promotion of agriculture more than Animal husbandry.
3. Help Reduces Cruelty on Animals
4. Check Alternative for Meat e.g. Fish, Beans and Lentils
5. Explore With Flavour and Spices for Vegetarian Dishes
6. Educate people
7. Reducing Meat Consumption Reduce Fats from the body.
Remedies / Precautions

27. 4
For Man Made Causes – Over Population
1. Spreading Awareness About Overpopulation.
2. Making and Applying Family Planning Programs
3. Using Birth Control Products wisely.
4. Incorporating Overpopulation Awareness.
5. Tax Benefits or Concessions for Small families
6. Knowledge of Sex Education
7. If Possible, Adopt.
Remedies / Precautions

28. Recent Trends & Technologies
5
Mobile Apps
Oroeco is an app that
tracks your carbon
footprint
PaperKarma is an easy
way to cut paper waste.
GiveO2 tracks your
carbon footprint as you
travel.
Hackathons
Companies,
organizations, &
governments are all
using the events to
generate fresh
ideas.
Clean &
Renewable
energy
Use of Solar
powered Items &
Renewable
Energy
Open source
movement
Open data & open
source tech are a
huge way to
accelerate
environmental
research &
Innovation
Mapping
www.worldom
eters.info
Data centres
data centres
contributed 1.5% of
overall energy
usage, so using
renewables instead
could make a dent
Alternative
fuel
technologies
& Vehicles
Electric cars,
Hybrids
Vehicles
Internet Of
Things

29. Water Conservation
6
• Water conservation can help and is a must & everyone can
play a role.
• The increase in droughts caused by climate change, has
meant that consumptive water is fast becoming a scarce
resource.
• Taking action to reduce water consumption is a great way to
improve the environmental footprint at home or in the office.

30. Water Conservation
6
Educate users
Leak proofing/leak repair
Insulate piping
Rainwater harvesting
Waterless urinals
Install and usage of low-flow toilets.
Where possible, use fans and natural ventilation.
Switch off the AC after usage. Coolers and Filters Best Practices
Best use of previous day’s Bottled Water.
Tree Plantation

31. Thank You