Tale of Six Cities

Energy Storage Systems 101
Tale of Six Cities
August 2015

Content Layout
• What is Energy Storage
• What is the current potential market
• What are the useful life of these systems & ROI
• What are the primary uses
• What are the main parts
• How do you show the value
• What chemistries we have
• What brand we represent
• What sizes do they come in
• What are the price ranges

What is Energy Storage
A pre-designed system that banks a block of energy for:
Emergency Backup Power
Grid Stability
Micro grid
A Big Battery with intelligence!

What is the current potential storage market
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Installed MW
Source: Greentech Media

What are the useful life of these systems & ROI
Chemistry Type Cycles DOD ROI
Years
• AGM 1,500 50% 2-5
• VRLA 3,000-5,000 70% 3-6
• Lithium 14,000 80% 3-10

What are the primary uses
Profile Time
• Emergency Backup Power 30 Min
• Demand Reduction 1 Hour
• Peak Shaving 2 Hours
• Renewable Energy Time-Shift 3 Hours
• Shoulder Smoothing 6 Hours
• Micro Grid 24 Hours

What are the main parts
• Energy Management System
• Inverter/Converter
• Charger Controller
• Battery Management System
• Automatic Transfer Switch
• Critical Load Panel
• Circuit Breakers
• Energy Storage Strings

Ohm’s made simple
• How do you read the battery ratings?
Amp Hours Volts Watts Hours Kilowatt Hours
1000Ah X 2V = 2,000W = 2kWh
41.66Ah X 48V = 2,000W = 2kWh
• What is C10? The amount of energy discharged in 10 hours
• What is a typical battery string voltage? 48 Volts
• What is Useable Energy Capacity?
The amount of energy to the allowed depth of discharge range which can be from 70%-90%

AC/DC Coupled
AC Coupled:
When you add energy storage to an
existing solar system
DC Coupled:
When the solar system is originally installed
energy storage

System Sizing Math
California Self Generation Incentive Program (SGIP)
Sizing Standard when no demand kW information is available.
Inverter kW Peak Demand= Largest Monthly Bill(kWh/Month)
(Load Factor x Days/bill x 24)
Residential Example
9.4 kW= 3000 kWh/August (kWh/Month)
.43 x 31 x 24 (Load Factor x Days/bill x 24)
August
Load Factor kWh Sqft. kW
Residential = .43 3,000 1,500 9.4
Commercial = .55 68,000 50,000 170
Industrial = .76
Agricultural = .63

What sizes do they come in
Example of a Lithium Peak Shaving
Component Capacity Ratio For Example
• Inverter 6.8 kW 1 Valve
• Charge Controller 6.8 kW 1 Pump
• Energy Storage 14 kWh 1:2 Tank

What sizes do they come in
Example of a Micro Grid
Component Capacity Ratio For Example
• Inverter 10kW 1 Valve
• Charge Controller 10kW 1 Pump
• Energy Storage 160kWh 1:16 Tank

Emergency Power Equipment
20kW1 Standby Generator
with 100 amp, 16 Circuit
Automatic Transfer Switch
Solar PV energy is plugged through the critical load
panel with the automatic transfer switch (ATS). When
the grid goes down the ATS redirects all available power
to these circuits on the critical load panel.

Operating System
Geli EOS, short for Energy Operating System, is a
platform to bring together energy storage, power
systems (such as inverters and converters), smart
grid hardware, network operations, and a partner
company's cloud/on-site energy services, in effect
creating an internet of energy.
Geli Energy Apps
Value maximization for energy storage is achieved by adaptively stacking,
staggering, and bundling services, including renewable energy reliability,
demand response, TOU shifting, and market participation. Real-time co-
optimization and co-operation is a part of Geli's core intellectual property and is
key to making energy storage valuable.
Geli Energy Apps are bundled with the Geli EOS. They deliver information and
control functionality for specific domains, including:
•Demand Charge Management Energy App applies learning algorithms,
forecasting, and stochastic models to minimize facility demand charges. The
Geli EOS Dynamic Rate Structure Libraries enable operation in any utility
territory.
•TOU Energy Shift Energy App operates from charged energy storage during
expensive times of use and obtains benefits from energy shifting and demand
management.
•Demand Response Energy App decreases grid load when signaled by switching
to energy storage operation without changing building/business operations. The
DR Energy App also extends to relay control and load shedding schedules.
•Frequency Regulation Energy App allows energy operators to bid available
resources into an open market. The Geli EOS Energy App will follow an ISO
AGC/ICCP Frequency Response command signal and report the corresponding
actions of the energy storage system or energy asset.
•Electric Vehicle Interoperation Energy App facilitates charging services to the
EV and provides energy services from the EV to the building.

How do you show the value
Hybrid Grid & Micro Grid: GELI ESyst Beta Software
• Storage Sizing Made Simple
• Design financially optimized energy storage systems online.
• Geli ESyst provides system analysis, hardware recommendations,
and financial projections all in one easy-to-use tool.

Let’s look under the hood!
Inverter/Charger 6.8kW
Schneider Architecture
XW+Inverter/Charger
Context System Control Panel
Context Com Box
Context Automatic Generator Start
5 Year Warranty
Energy Storage 16/19.2 kWh
5-7 Year Warranty
3,000 Cycles 85%
Ambient Temp 5F to 113F
4 Strings of 16 Batteries 12V/100AH
DC Circuit Breaker
Operating System Geli EOS
Energy Storage System (ESS)
72” H x 24” W x 24”L
Installed in the Garage

Self Gen City
City: Los Angeles
Utility Company: SCE
Market: Residential
$/kWh: $.28 to $.42
Solar PV: 7.5 kW
Inverter: 6.8 kW
Charger Controller: 6.8 kW
Annual Solar Energy: 13,126 kWh
Daily Solar Energy: 36 kWh
• Benefits:
This work horse battery type will provide the
lowest cost of total ownership amortizing over a
greater length of time from daily full cycles and
partial states. The added system intelligence will
provide extra system life reducing the daily duty
cycles. The system was design for flexibility and
power security and a hefty incentive giving the
homeowner peace of mind.
• Profile Energy Storage
Peak Shifting: 7.5 kWh
Load Shifting: 14 kWh
• Battery Type: Lithium Phosphate
Warranty: 10 Years
Cycles: 14,000
Depth of Discharge: 80%
State of Discharge: 2C
• Operating System: Geli
• ATS: Briggs & Stratton
100 AMP
• Ambient Air Temp: -5C to 35C
• Incentive: $1.46/w $9,928
• Federal Tax Credit: 30%
• State Tax Credit: N/A
Certifications: UL 1973
UL 1998
UL 1642
UL 1741
• Challenge:
The high annual solar irradiance of
Southern California coupled with high
energy cost and constant rate
increases have created an
environment of massive rooftop solar
deployments.
• Solution:
The battery type selected is Lithium Phosphate
for its long warranty and greatest duty cycles
for daily use. The Geli operating system was
selected to provide system intelligence giving
the precision power management for the
different utility tariff rates. An automatic
transfer switch was included to ensure power
from grid brown outs. Additionally the State of
California currently offers a large incentive for
this solution.

Nessie Curve
City: Honolulu, Hawaii
Utility Company: HECO
Market: Residential
$/kWh: $.45
Solar PV: 7.5 kW
Inverter: 6.8 kW
• Benefits:
This work horse battery type will provide the
lowest cost of total ownership amortizing over a
greater length of time from daily use. The added
system intelligence will provide extra system life
reducing the daily full duty cycles. The system
was design for flexibility and power security
giving the homeowner the greatest peace of
mind
Micro grid: 40 kWh
Battery Type: Lithium Phosphate
Warranty: 10 Years
Cycles: 8,000
100 AMP
• Ambient Air Temp: 10C to 35C
• Incentive: N/A
• State Tax Credit: 35% or $5,000
UL 1998
UL 1642
UL 1741
Transient Overvoltage
and/or Ride Through
• Challenge:
The high cost of energy has inspired a high
density of Solar PV installations on the
islands. Which has caused HECO the utility
company to mandate smart inverter
technologies. Another Island state Puerto
Rico across the continent will begin requiring
energy storage for all solar interconnection
approvals.
• Solution:
The battery type selected is Lithium Phosphate
for its long warranty and greatest duty cycles
for daily full and partial states of use. The Geli
operating system was selected to provide
system intelligence giving the precision power
management. An automatic transfer switch
was included to ensure power from grid
outages.

Prepville
City: Atlantic City
Utility Company: ACE
Market: Residential
$/kWh: $.13
Solar PV: 7.5 kW
Inverter: 6.8 kW
• Benefits:
This work horse battery type will provide
the lowest total initial cost The system
was design for backup power security
giving the homeowner peace of mind in
case of emergencies.
• Battery Type: VRLA
Warranty: 10 Years
Cycles: 3,000
100 AMP
• Incentive: $.75/w $5,625
• State Tax Credit: N/A
UL 1998
UL 1642
UL 1741
• Challenge:
With the higher frequency of major
snow blizzards and category 5
hurricanes causing major damage
leading to temporary or prolonged
power outages along the South East
and East coast.
• Solution:
The battery type selected is AGM for its
float state charge for emergency backup
power. An automatic transfer switch was
included to ensure power from grid
outages. Additional energy storage
capacity could changed or added in the
future.

Town of Dirt
City: Town of Dirt
Utility Company: N/A
Market: Residential
$/kWh: $.45
Solar PV: 15 kW
Inverter: 13.6 kW
• Benefits
the lowest cost of total ownership
amortizing over a greater length of time.
The added system intelligence will
provide extra system life reducing the
daily duty cycles. The system was design
for flexibility and power security giving the
homeowner peace of mind. This new
technology allows property owners to
develop their land regardless of the utility
infrastructure.
Micro grid: 60 kWh
Battery Type: Lithium Phosphate
Warranty: 10 Years
Cycles: 14,000
100 AMP
• Incentive: N/A
UL 1998
UL 1642
UL 1741
• Challenge:
This town is located on the corner of far
out and no where, plenty of open spaces.
There are no power lines has miles of dirt
roads to get there. Beyond the beaten
path exist communities that are being
developed by people of all walks of life
for many number of reasons. This place
has extreme Summer heat from the
Sonoran Desert and higher average solar
irradiance.
• Solution:
The battery type selected is Lithium
Phosphate for its long warranty and
greatest duty cycles for daily use. The
Geli operating system was selected to
provide system intelligence giving the
precision power management. An
automatic transfer switch was included
to ensure power from grid outages.

Net Where
City: Phoenix
Utility Company: APS
Market: Residential
$/kWh: $.16
Solar PV: 15 kW
Inverter: 13.6 kW
• Benefits
homeowner peace of mind
Warranty: 10 Years
Cycles: 14,000
100 AMP
• Incentive: N/A
UL 1998
UL 1642
UL 1741
• Challenge:
The APS utility territory has above average cost of
power compared to national averages but has
extreme Summer heat from the Sonoran Desert
and higher average solar irradiance. Recently
APS was approved to charge residential
homeowners who are installing a solar system to
be charged a monthly fee for Net Metering, this
fee will be changed every 2 years. Including an
energy storage pilot is being launched by APS for
175 homes with $1M of incentives.
• Solution:

Demandapolis
City: Phoenix
Utility Company: SRP
Market: Residential
Solar PV: 7.5 kW
Inverter: 6.8 kW
• Benefits
homeowner peace of mind
Shoulder Shifting: 14 kWh
Warranty: 10 Years
Cycles: 14,000
100 AMP
• Incentive: N/A
UL 1998
UL 1642
UL 1741
• Challenge:
The SRP utility territory has an
average cost of power compared to
national averages but has extreme
Summer heat from the Sonoran
Desert and higher average solar
irradiance. Recently SRP was
approved to charge residential
homeowners who are installing a solar
system will be charged a kW demand
fee equally as a commercial rate.
• Solution:

SRP New Solar Residential Rate Plan
• Average household 8 kW
• Highest kW demand within 30 minute
interval for the month.
• 200 AMP Service Fee $32.44
• 400 AMP Service Fee $45.44
• Economic simulations to be done in
EnergyToolBase
kW Demand Charge
Summer Summer
Peak
Winter
May-Jun
Sep-Oct
Jul-Aug Nov-Apr
3 kW $8.03 $9.59 $3.55
7 kW $14.63 $17.82 $5.68
10 kW $27.77 $34.19 $9.74
Time of Use 1PM-8PM 1PM-8PM 5AM-9AM
5PM-9PM
On Peak/Off Peak $.04/$.03 $.06/$.04 $.04/$.03

SRP New Solar Residential Rate Plan
Average Household Usage Profile Old Rate Plan New Rate Plan
kWh kW Old Monthly $/kWh $/kW New Monthly
Jan 800 8 $96 $28 $45 $106
Feb 800 5 $96 $28 $28 $89
Mar 1000 6 $120 $35 $34 $102
Apr 1100 7 $132 $39 $40 $111
May 1500 8 $210 $53 $117 $202
Jun 1800 10 $288 $63 $278 $373
Jul 2500 10 $450 $125 $57 $214
Aug 2400 10 $432 $120 $342 $494
Sep 2500 10 $400 $88 $278 $398
Oct 2000 9 $240 $70 $132 $234
Nov 1200 9 $144 $42 $51 $126
Dec 1000 8 $110 $35 $45 $113
Total 18600 100 $2,718 $725 $1,447 $2,561

The new Paradigm for the SRP region
The take away for solar installers in the Phoenix metro area is it’s not worth selling solar in the SRP region. That is a
true statement if you sell solar the same way as usual it does not make sense anymore. In the previous slide it
clearly shows how the tariff shifts the cost away from energy only charges to a 2/3 shift to the new variable power
charge. Under this new rate plan a solar only design is the thing of the past.
Enter in the era Solar 4.0, solar combined with energy storage the design priorities are completely rearranged. The
challenge is storage cost are considerably more than a solar only design. How does a Solar 4.0 design make dollars
and sense. The goal is to provide the same level of cost to benefit ratio, how that would be achieved is to shift 2/3
the initial investment to the energy storage resulting in overall smaller solar rooftop arrays. Let’s take a look at the
new design priorities.
Solar 4.0 Purpose
Solar: Storage:
Investment Tax Credit Demand Arbitrage
Renewable Energy source Power shift in the Nessie Curve
Storage Optimization Provide Daytime solar utility
Provide short term back up power

Solar 4.0 Design Parameters
Operating System: Power to Energy Ratio:
Settings to maximize the tariff structure. Hybrid Inverter 7kW to Battery 7kWh-28kWh
Ambient Temperature: Warranty Cycles:
Preferably 25C 3,000 to 20,000 cycles
System Efficiency: Depth of Daily Discharge:
70%-90% 10%-30%
State of Charge:
Longer duty cycles and constant swallow partial states of charge will prolong the lifetime yielding a longer
investment amortization. The key is to select the battery chemistry that has longer duty cycles and preforms
well with constant partial states of charge.

Solar 4.0 Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE)
The solar industry has come to agree upon the formulas and variables that can accurately determine what the levelized cost of
energy for a solar only design. LCOE is another way of saying what is the NET Present value for one unit of energy measure. In the
Solar 4.0 Era the jury is still out for debate until the overly optimistic sales/marketing driven individuals, the overly pessimistic
engineers and the unreasonable investment financiers can come to a meeting of the minds on how to benchmark solar with energy
storage. Let me reveal my reasonable benchmarks for Solar 4.0 LCOE.
Solar only LCOE:
Net Initial Investment divided by lifetime energy generation according PV Watts and system design.
Ongoing variables are reasonable O & M, hazard insurance, and reasonable discount rate(inflation)
Solar with Energy Storage LCOE:
Solar LCOE Can range from $.03/kWh to $.10/kWh
Net Initial Investment divided by lifetime energy generation according PV Watts and system design.
Ongoing variables are reasonable O & M, hazard insurance, and reasonable discount rate(inflation)
Energy Storage LCOE Can range from $10 kW to $130/kW
Net Initial Investment divided by lifetime energy stored according usage profile, system design and battery chemistry. Ongoing
variables are operating system updates, reasonable O & M, hazard insurance, and reasonable discount rate(inflation)

Solar 4.0 The Finance Model
In the Solar 3.0 world the solar operating lease revenue is driven solely by the lifetime energy generation, that
energy only rate is easy to determine.
In the Solar 4.0 Era, the solar operating lease revenue is going to be driven by the lifetime energy generation
with a much lower energy only rate, additionally a much higher new demand rate would be included in the
revenue base. This new demand rate would cover 2/3 of the revenue. How the formula that will solve for the
charge is fundamentally different than what is currently the accepted norm among the solar finance
community. Mainly because the demand charge is a seasonal variable charge that is directly tied to the timing
of the building load. The building load variables come from occupancy and the yearly weather patterns.
The energy storage formula should model what the energy efficiency finance community utilizes from an
energy savings agreement. A weather normalized monthly demand profile is created as the baseline to
measure from and the operating system is optimized for maximum demand arbitrage. The Solar 4.0 fee
would follow the seasonal variable rate.
As in all current existing solar operating leases an annual escalator would be included.

Energy Storage in the News
Elon Musk Teases A New Tesla: Could It Be A Home Battery?
http://www.forbes.com/sites/michelinemaynard/2015/03/30/elon-musk-teases-a-new-tesla-could-it-be-a-
home-battery/
Rooftop-solar billing issues far from settled
http://www.azcentral.com/story/money/business/2015/03/02/rooftop-solar-billing-issues-far-
settled/24255847/
APS Proposes $21 Monthly Fee for Residential PV, Launches Home Energy Storage Pilot
http://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/APS-Proposes-21-Monthly-Fee-for-Residential-PV-Launches-
Home-Energy-Stora
Tucson Electric Power proposes reduced net metering rate for solar customers
http://www.utilitydive.com/news/tucson-electric-power-proposes-reduced-net-metering-rate-for-solar-
customer/379597/

Groundbreaking Solar with
Energy Storage Solutions

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