Ion Cyclotron Resonance - Mass Spectrometery ICR is Heart of mass spectrometer,,,,

2. Topic:
Ion Cyclotron Resonance
Assigned By: Prof. Dr. Shahabudin Memon
Presented By: Ghulam Mustafa Channa
( M.Phil Scholar )
University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan.

3. Contents:
• Introduction to Mass Spectrometry
• Mass Spectrometer
• Mass Analyzer
• Introdction to ICR
• History of Cyclotron
• Working Principle, Instrumentation
and Construction of Cyclotron
• Limitation
• Application
• Advantages
• ICR V/S other Mass Analyzers
• Conclusion
• References
• Acknowledgement

4. Mass Spectrometry:
• Mass spectrometry is the art of measuring atoms and molecules
to determine their mass.
• Such mass or weight information is always useful in determining
and identifying different species through mass spectra.

5. Mass Spectrometer:
• It is an instrument that produces ions, separates them according
to their m/z values, detects them, and plots the mass spectra.
• There are four basic components standard in all mass
spectrometers. a sample inlet, an ionization source,
a mass analyzer and an ion detector.

6. Mass Analyzer:
• Mass analyzer is the Heart of the mass spectrometer that separates ions. It is
also called ion separator and subsequently records their intensities.
1. Quadrupole mass analyzer
2. Time of flight analyzer (TOF)
3. Magnetic sector mass analyzer
4. Single focusing
5. Double focusing
6. Quadrupole ion trap mass analyzer
7. Ion Cyclotron Resonance
• Basic types of mass analyzers are listed below:

8. Introduction to ICR
• Ion cyclotron resonance is the phenomenon related to the
movement of ions in a magnetic field. It is used for
accelerating ions in a cyclotron for measuring the mass/es of
ionized analyte/s in mass spectrometry.
• Cyclotron uses a magnet and voltage to accelerate charged
particles.

10. History:
• Cyclotron was invented by Ernest Orlando Lawrence in
1932, in which charged particles accelerated in spiral
path.
• Lawrence was awarded the Nobel prize in 1939 for this
invention.
• The largest cyclotron was the 4.67m (184-inch) built
between 1940-1946 by Lawrence at the University of
California at Berkeley, which could accelerate protons to
100 - 730 MeV.

11. • In 1930
• Size of first cyclotron was only 4
inch (Diameter)
1st Cyclotron:

12. • In 1932
• Acquire Energy 1.2 MeV
• Can accelerate the proton
11 inch Cyclotron:

13. • In 1932
• Acquire Energy 4.8 MeV
27 inch Cyclotron:

14. 37 inch Cyclotron:
• In 1937
• Acquire Energy 8.0 MeV

15. 60 inch Cyclotron
• In 1939
• Acquire Energy 16 MeV

16. 184 inch Cyclotron
• In 1946
• Acquire Energy > 100 MeV
• The largest cyclotron.

17. Cyclotron Location
Years of
Operation
Accelerated
Particle
Kinetic
Energy
Notes and Discovery made
4 inch
University of
California ,Berkeley 1930 Proton - Proof of Concept
11 inch
University of
California ,Berkeley 1932 Proton 1.2 MeV ---
27 inch
University of
California ,Berkeley 1932-36 Deuteron 4.8 MeV Investigate deuteron –nucleus interaction
37 inch
University of
California ,Berkeley 1938 Deuteron 8 MeV Discover many isotopes
60 inch
University of
California ,Berkeley 1939 Deuteron 16 MeV Discovered Many isotopes
95 inch
Harvard Cyclotron
Laboratory 1940 Protron 160 MeV
Used for Nuclear Physics 1949-1961
Development of clinical proton therapy until 2002
184 inch Berkeley Radlab 1942 Various >100 MeV Research on Uranium isotopes separation

18. Modern Cyclotron

20. DEESAC
SOURCE
MAGNET
POLE N/S
ION SOURCE
DEFLECTOR

21. Mr. Deepak Aheer (AIIMS)
CYCLOTRON
TANK

22. TARGET ASSEMBLY
4 DP
22
MECHANIAL
PUMP

24. Working principle of ICR is based on these steps:
• Production of charge particles
• Acceleration of charge particles
• Extraction of particles
• Bombardment of ions to target
Working Principle of ICR ?

25. • In electric field a charged particle is accelerated.
• In magnetic field a charged particle can be turned around.
• Where in magnetic field the magnetic force acts as a centripetal force.
• The magnetic force bend charges into a spiral path and applied electric field
accelerates charged particle between the "Dees"
Working Principle of ICR ?

26. • We have an electromagnet which
continuously generates a magnetic field.
• The magnetic filed is directed vertically
upward.
• Inside the magnetic field we have two
metallic plates D1 and D2
• Both these magnetic plates are connected
to an alternating electric source.
• They are known as “dess” as they are in D
shape.
Working Principle of ICR ?

27. • These dees are enclosed in strong magnetic
field produced by two pole of electromagnet.
• A charged particle “P” entering the cyclotron
center will be attracted by the negative plate
if it is positively charged and vice versa if
negatively charged.
Working Principle of ICR ?

28. • Ion move with constant velocity in spiral
path under the influence of magnetic field
which is perpendicular the Dees.
• If the ions emerge from D1 or D2 , the
polarity of the applied potential is reversed,
the positive ions will again face the
negative “Dee” and thus will be again
accelerated by the electric field in the gap.
Working Principle of ICR ?
D1
D2

29. • The time passage to complete the semi-circle in
the D1 remains the same as in D2.
• In this way the positive ions move faster and
expanding circle until they reach the outer edge
of the Dees, where they are deflected by
deflector and strike the target.
Working Principle of ICR ?

31. 5
C
F
N
1
3
2
4
5
O
• Observations of such collisions yield information about the
charged particles in form of spectra.

32. • It is expensive.
• It cannot accelerate neutron, because neutron do not have any charge.
• Capable of being used only with pulsed ionization sources, not
continuous ion sources.
• Runs at very low pressure.
Limitation:

33. • Cyclotron is used to bombard nuclei with energetic particles and observe
the nuclear reactions.
• Ion beams from cyclotrons can be used, as in proton therapy, to penetrate
the body and kill tumors by radiation.
Application:

34. • Excellent accuracy and extremely high resolving power.
• The highest recorded mass resolution of all mass spectrometers.
• Non-destructive method, i-e ions at the end of this experiment can be
used for another measurement.
Advantages:

35. ICR V/S other Mass Analyzers
Characteristics ICR Quadrupole Magnet Sector Time of Flight
Cost
More
Expensive - -
Cheaper + + Expensive - Cheap +
Size Larger - - Smaller + + Large - Small +
Mass Resolution
Highest
Resolution + +
+
Less Resolution
-
High Resolution
+
High Resolution
+
Efficiency of ion
separation
High ++ Moderate - Moderate - High ++
Operating
Pressure (Torr)
10-9
(High) 10-3
(Less) 10-6
(Moderate) 10-6
(Moderate)

36. • ICR-MS having highest resolution and separates ions more
efficiently using electric and magnetic field.
• Non-destructiveness is its unique property.
• It is a most accurate technique but its compatibility with ion
sources makes it of less demand.
Conclusion:

37. 1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNnNM2ZqIsc
2. http://www.research.uky.edu/core/massspec/jeolanalyzers.pdf
3. An Introduction to Mass Spectrometry by Scott E. Van Bramer
4. Mass Spectrometry Principles and Applications (Third Edition) Edmond de Hoffmann
5. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance spectroscopy journal of pharmaceutical
and scientific innovation
6. Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry: A Primer Alan
G.Marshall,*† Christopher L. Hendrickson, and George S. Jackson†Center for
Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory,
Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Dr.,Tallahassee, FL 32310
7. Ion Cyclotron Resonance By T. H. Stix and R. W. Palladino
8. MASS ANALYZER BY:- VARUN GIRME
References:

38. Acknowledgment
•Thanks to Almighty ALLAH for everything in my life.
•Thanks to sir Shahbuddin Memon for his religious &
motivational talks.
•Finally thanks to all my Classfellows for being patient
during my presentation.

39. 
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