1. Educational Problems in India

2. Background
Information
Diversity
Issues
Educational
Structure
Problems and
Priorities

3. Background Information

4. an ancient civilization
2500 BC

5. Aryan tribes invaded and
they set the classical
Indian culture
1500 BC

6. Arabs
700s A.D.
Turks
1100s A.D.

7. British
colonization of India
1800s A.D.

8. independence in
1947
establishment of the
Republic of India

9. The
Republic of India
today
…

10. 1,220,800,359
July2013est.
Population

11. 1,220,800,359
50%
population constitute
school-aged children
(25 years old and below)
Population

13. total GDP
$570 billion

14. unemployment rate
9.9 %

15. educational expenditure
from GDP3.3%
2010

16. 73% age 15 and over
can read and write
Literacy Rate

17. 80.90%
64.60%
19.10%
35.40%
MALE FEMALE
GENDER AND LITERACY RATES 2011
Literate Illiterate

19. Diversity Issues

20. Ethnic Diversity
Religious
Diversity
Linguistic
Diversity

21. Indo-Aryan
Dravidian
Mongoloid
Negrito
Western
Bracycephals

22. 80.5
13.4
2.3
1.9
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
HINDUISM ISLAM CHRISTIANITY SIKH
RELIGION

23. “India has 200,000 gods, and
worships them all. In religion, all countries
are paupers; India is the only millionaire”
(Twain, 1987, as cited in Meyer & Brysac, 2012, p.27).

25. National Language
English
Hindu

26. Educational Structure

27. 1968 1976 1986
Initial attempt to
design a National
Education Policy
Constitutional
amendment to
Educational Policy
India as a whole
had a uniform
National Policy
on Education
1964
Kothari
Commission

28. 1992 2001 2005
National
Education Policy
was modified
Launch of the
National
Campaign for
Education for All
Proposed bill for
Education for all

29. Major Educational Goals
Universal access
and enrolment
Universal retention
of children up to 14
years of age
Improvement in the
quality of
education
Revival of Sanskrit
and other classical
languages for
contemporary use
Greater use of
Educational
Technology

30. Central and State Government
Governing Bodies
Ministry of Human Resource
Development
Department of
Elementary
Education and
Literacy
Department of
Secondary and
Higher Education
CentralAdvisory
BoardofEducation
CABE
National Council of Education, Research
and Training NCERT
Educational
Policies
National Curriculum
Framework

31. Structure of School Education 10+2 years
Pre-school
(2-3 years)
Elementary School
(Grade 1 – 8)
Primary
School (Grade
1 -5)
Middle School
(Grade 6 – 8)
Secondary
Education(Grade 9 -12)
Secondary
Education
(Grade 9 – 10)
Senior
Secondary
Education
(Grade 11-12)

32. Structure of School Education 10+2 years
Pre-school
(2-3 years)
Elementary School
(Grade 1 – 8)
Primary
School (Grade
1 -5)
Middle School
(Grade 6 – 8)
Secondary
Education(Grade 9 -12)
Secondary
Education
(Grade 9 – 10)
Senior
Secondary
Education
(Grade 11-12)

33. Structure of School Education 10+2 years
Pre-school
(2-3 years)
Elementary School
(Grade 1 – 8)
Primary
School (Grade
1 -5)
Middle School
(Grade 6 – 8)
Secondary
Education(Grade 9 -12)
Secondary
Education
(Grade 9 – 10)
Senior
Secondary
Education
(Grade 11-12)

34. Structure of School Education 10+2 years
Pre-school
(2-3 years)
Elementary School
(Grade 1 – 8)
Primary
School (Grade
1 -5)
Middle School
(Grade 6 – 8)
Secondary
Education(Grade 9 -12)
Secondary
Education
(Grade 9 – 10)
Senior
Secondary
Education
(Grade 11-12)
• Compulsory Education
• Free Education – in states where
education is not free annual fee varies
considerably

35. Structure of School Education 10+2 years
Pre-school
(2-3 years)
Elementary School
(Grade 1 – 8)
Primary
School (Grade
1 -5)
Middle School
(Grade 6 – 8)
Secondary
Education(Grade 9 -12)
Secondary
Education
(Grade 9 – 10)
Senior
Secondary
Education
(Grade 11-12)
• Academic Stream
• Vocational Stream

36. The Curriculum
• Developed by the National
Council of Education, Research
and Training NCERT
• Core areas of curriculum are
common
• Reviewed every 5 years
• Teaching English is
compulsory (Grade 6 -10)

37. The Curriculum
• More focused on what to teach
and not how to teach
• National Curriculum
Framework 2000 depends on
the concept of Minimum Levels
of Learning

38. The Curriculum
• Traditional
• Irrelevant
• Theoretical
• Overcrowded
• Dominated by examinations

39. Traditional
Information
Provision
Learner-oriented
and competence-
based
gradual change in
perspective

40. Gross Enrollment ratio
82.5%girls enrollment has
been higher than boys

41. End of lower
primary 34.9%
End of upper
primary 52.8%
End of
secondary
school
(Grade 10)
Estimated drop out rates
62.6%
2002-03

42. Problems &
Priorities

43. Economic Issues
Spending
• Ineffective use of funds
• Very low expenditure on education
Equity
• Unequal opportunity for all sections of society
to be educated
• Disparity in the different states in the number of
children completing school (drop rates rates)

44. Educational Issues
Quality
• Teacher/Student Absenteeism
• High teacher pupil ratio
• Inadequate teaching material and facilities
• Failure in implementing curriculum
Access in Higher Education
• Availability of institutions
Structure of the Vocational Education
• Quality
• Efficiency of the programs

45. Diversity Issues
Nationalism
• politicization of Hindu nationalism
• biases and stereotypes in textbooks (religious &
cultural)
Gender
• status of women; cost to family; child marriage and
other cultural practices; child labor/domestic chores
Exclusion:
• linguistic groups (over 100)
• disabilities (90 million)
• orphans

46. reform initiatives are needed

48. Design by:
Ghaidaa H. Naguib
@ghido86
@ghido86