2. Overview
• Introduction
• Definition
• Uses
• Kind of Abstract
• Types of Abstract
• Abstracting
• Rules for Abstracting
• Steps for Abstracting
• Conclusion
3. Introduction
•A concise summary/picture of a research paper, journal or
thesis.
•An abstract is a self-contained, short, and powerful statement
that describes a larger work.
•It makes sense by itself without outside references or sources.
•It highlights key concepts, research purpose, importance of your
work and the outcomes.
•An abstract is not a review, not does it evaluate the work.
•An abstract is an original document rather than an excerpted
(cut and paste) passage.
4. Definition
• “An Abstract is the terse presentation in (as far as possible)
the author’s own language of all the points made in the same
order as in the original piece of primary, documentary
information that can be a book, a research report, a periodical
article, a speech, the proceedings of a conference, an
interview etc.”
Robert L. Collison
5. Uses
• To bring in the one language to many other language of paper.
• It facilitate the selection of actual Information in the bulk of
information.
• It arranges the pertinent search to relevant materials on the
subject.
• It save a lot of time in literature searching.
• Provide more accurate Information about the literature than
other searching tools, such as catalogue, bibliographies and
indexes.
7. Type of Abstract
Informative
provide quantitative and
qualitative information.
not for theoretical studies
and opinion articles.
Indicative or Descriptive
simply describes or indicates
what the item is about.
shows what significant
information and specific data
can be found in the document.
On the basis of general abstract there are four type
8. Kind of Abstract
Indicative-Informative
Both terms are used in this
abstract type.
It can be also in described
about the content and also give
specific or both terms come
together .
Critical
evaluative in nature.
expresses views on the
quality of the work and
perhaps contrasts it with
other works
On the basis of general abstract there are four kind
9. On the basis of Author Abstract there are three type
Author prepared
Basically written by
author or the paper.
Ex. Herald of Library
Science.
This abstracts are not
reliable rather then
Subject specialist.
Professional Abstractor
Prepared
It have advantage to
control the time, standard
and added benefit of
language efficiency.
Subject Specialist
prepared
Prepared by Subject
specialist.
It’s qualitative is to good
with compare to others
abstracting.
Ex. NASSDOC, ASLIB
10. Abstracting
• In a simple line “Abstracting is a Process to compilation of a
Abstract.”
• With using some manual for systematic compilation of a
abstract is known as Abstracting.
• Understand the nature and quality of a abstract.
• Develop ability to evaluate abstract.
11. Standards for Abstracting
• Abstracting preparation is follow written manual for the
purpose of uniformity but even the variation in substance,
length and structured very common between abstract and
other service.
• Ex of Standards
– American Standard Periodical Title Abbreviation(New York).
– The world list of scientific periodical (London)
– Chemical Abstract service (CAS), comprehensive list of periodical for chemistry and
Chemical Engineering.
12. Rules for Abstracting
• Material, data method should be new and unique.
• There should be decided length of abstract.
• Redundancy, repetition and circumlocution should be avoid.
• Standard abbreviation and symbols should be use to short it.
• Always to be clear unambiguous ending the user to decide
original article or not.
• Signed enable to judge the quality of abstract.
• The language should be readable and sufficiently expressive.
13. Basic Steps in Abstracting
• Selection of Article, papers and documents.
• Assignment of the materials to abstractors according to the
manual prepared for abstracting.
• Editing and revising of the abstract text by editor.
• Assigning subject and index terms.
• Reviewing the abstract
14. Steps for Abstractor
• Reading of the abstracting documents retentively and carefully .
• Preparing a draft of the abstract text in the light of the
instructions contained in the manual.
• Revising the draft with logical and meaningful cohesion of the
text in good and readable language.
• Revising and correcting the text and the language of the abstract
to make it readable, logical in meaning.
• Typing the final draft with double-spacing with necessary and
sufficient identification of the author.
15. Conclusion
• Abstract by a large, Play an important role in the content
analysis of the literature of our time scattered over many
fields.
• The rules for abstracting have been in existence for long and
have little change. Now methods and experiment’s have,
however been recently in a attain to uniformity in its
formulation.
16. References
• Article on Abstract and Abstracting by Dr. Khurshid. Dept of Lib. Science, University
of Karachi, Pakistan
• https://www.slideshare.net/ImeAmorMortel/abstracts-abstracting
• https://www.slideshare.net/mudassirzamankk/abstract-69954634
