1. Characteristics of the 19th century:
★Expansion of Liberal ideas (freedom of speech, freedom
of press, constitutions, parliaments, political parties…)
★BourgeoisRevolutions (1820, 1830, 1848)
★Nationalism:
○ Creation of New Nations ( Greece, Belgium, Italy,
Germany, Serbia, Bulgaria, Romania…)
○ Division of Empires
★Creation of Great Empires (Austro-Hungarian Empire,
Russian Empire, French Empire, Germany, Ottoman
Empire)
★Democracy (universal suffrage) (sufragio universal)
★Industrialization
★Worker’sMovement
★Colonialism
★Art:
○ Neoclassicism (David, Ingres…)
○ Romanticism (Delacroix, Géricault…)
○ Realism (Courbet, Corot…)
○ Impressionism (Monet, Renoir, Degas, Pisarro,
Sisley)