Ancient Greece (art, olympic games, history...)

1. ANCIENT GREECE
SOME PICTURES OF GREECE

3. TOPICSTOPICS

4. The history of Greece can be traced
back to Stone Age hunters. Later came
early farmers and the civilization of the
Minoan and mycenaean kings.
This was followed by a period of wars
and invasions, known as the Dark Ages.
In about 1100 BC, a people called the
Dorians invaded from the north and
spread down the west coast.
This was followed by a period of wars
and invasions, known as the Dark Ages.
In about 1100 BC, a people called the
Dorians invaded from the north and
spread down the west coast.

7. A model reconstruction of the Acropolis Hill
The monuments on the Acropolis reflect
the successive phases of the city's history.
Some of them were converted into
Christian churches, houses of the Franks
and later on, of the Turks. After the
liberation of Athens from the Turks,
the protection, restoration and
conservation of the monuments was
one of the first tasks of the
newly-founded Greek state.

8. Type Temple
Architectural style Classical
Location Athens, Greece
Owner Greek government
Current tenants Museum
Started 447 BC
Completed 431 BC
Destroyed Partly on 26 September 1687
Size 69.5 by 30.9 m (228 by 101 ft)
Height 1250 (CM)
Other dimensions Cella: 29.8 by 19.2 m (98 by 63
ft)
Architect Iktinos, Kallikrates
Other designers Phidias (sculptor)

9. Greek life was dominated by religion.
The temples of ancient greece
Were the biggest and the most
Beautiful.
They also had a political purpose as
they were often built to celebrate
civic power and pride.
DORIC IONIC Corinthian
This style was used in
Mainland greece and
The colonies in
Southern Italy and Si
Cily.
this style was
Found in eas-
Tern Italy and
sicily
this style is
Seldon use in
The greek
World.
CORINTHIAN
This style it often seen on Roman Temples.
Its capital is very elaborate and decorated
With acanthus leaves.

10. Doric Order

11. .

12. The Greeks invented athletic contests
and held them in honour of their gods.
The Isthmos game were staged every
two years at the Isthmos of Corinth.
The Pythian games took place every
four years near Delphi. The most
famous games held at Olympia, South-
West of Greece, which took place
every four years. The ancient Olympics
seem to have begun in the early 700
BC, in honour of Zeus.
No women were allowed to watch the
games and only Greek nationals could
participate. One of the ancient wonders
was a statue of Zeus at Olympia, made
of gold and ivory by a Greek sculptor
Pheidias. This was placed inside a
Temple, although it was a towering 42
feet high.

15. the Greco-Persian Wars are a sequence of wars
fought between the great empire of Persia and the
coalition of Greek city-states. It lasted for about half
a decade from 499 BC to 488 BC. Even as we say
Greco-Persian Wars its not always that all of Greece
fought against Persian as their strength and authority
was much greater.
The Ionian Revolt initiated the First Major Persian
War. During 539 BC Cyrus The Great ruled Persia
and most of West Asia. During his reign his first
captured Lydia, which lay along the coast of
Anatolia. The cities that were dependent of Lydia
automatically became helpless and Cyrus next move
was to capture those cities. The residents of these
were then called Ionians. Ionia is today based in
Modern Turkey. Cyrus was cruel ruler. He
increased the taxes and appointed tyrants in these
regions.
His son Cambyses supported Cyrus and he too
captured Egypt and some Greek islands between
Anatolia and Greece, the most important one being
the island of Samos.
Later Darius, Cambyses son who became the king,
attacked the Scythians, but he lost. He along with his
army returned back to Persia.
Darius move proved useful to him, as the other
Greek states thought that they were next in line to
be attacked. Macedon sought a peace treaty with
Persia in 510 BC. When Persia decided to attack
Naxos, Aristagoras was appointed to lead the battle.
Aristagoras was a tyrant of Miletus known to be
close to King of Persia. But the Persians lost. Seeing
that strong rulers like Persia could lose two
consecutive times the Persian occupied Greek city-
states decided to revolt. This is known as the Ionian
revolt. But the Ionians were defeated in the Battle of
Lade in 494 BC. The Ionian revolt lasted for about
half a decade.

16. After the Ionian revolt ended, Darius decided to
expand his empire's territories. In 493 BC the
Persians defeated the remains of the Ionian revolt.
This was a very good chance for Darius to extend his
empire and he did so by acquiring the islands of East
Aegean and the Propontis. After the revolt Darius
selected his son-in-law Mardonius for resettlement
of the cities destroyed in the revolt.
This change was shockingly civil compared to the
known cruel Persian rulers. Democracy was
introduced, tax system was more liberal, and
prisoners were released and sent back to
hometowns. Darius civil attitude was a calculatory
move to pressurize the Greek states to surrender,
which did so but Athens and Sparta were exceptions.
In 492 BC Mardonius tried to control as many
Hellenic cities as he could. While the army was sent
to capture Hellespont, he along with his navy took
over Ionia.
From there he joined his army in Hellespont,
capturing Thrace and Macedon on his way. While
Thrace surrendered without revolting, Macedon was
reduced from an ally to a city-state. He then moved
to Thassos but luck would have it, he faced a
powerful storm where nearly 20,000 men of his
army were killed.
Datis and Artaphernes gathered force to teach Attica
and Eretria a lesson for supporting Ionia.
Traveling from Cilicia to Rhodes, they moved upto
Samos and then to Naxos. The residents there
surrendered themselves to Eretria. Eretria was
captured and looted and then surrendered the city
back.

17. Greek soliers of Greco-Persian Wars.
Left - greek slinger. Right - hoplites.
Left hoplite's shield has a curtain
wich serves as a protection from
arrows.

18. In 336 BC Philip was assassinated, and
Alexander ascended to the throne. He
quickly solidified his rule at home and then
attacked Thessaly (Thessalia) to restore
Macedonian rule there, and solidify his
father's treaty to unite Greece. In 335 BC he
defeated the Thracians, penetrating to the
Danube River. On his return he crushed the
Illyrians before hastening to Thebes, which
had revolted. He razed the city, sparing only
temples and the house of Pindar, a Greek
lyric poet of the 5th century BC. Other Greek
states promptly submitted to Alexander's
rule. Finally he died before he has organized
his own Empire.
Alexander the Great (356-323 BC), king of
Macedonia, conqueror of the Persian
Empire. Born in Pella, the ancient capital of
Macedonia, in the ancient country of Greece.
Alexander was the son of Philip II, king of
Macedonia. His mother was Olympias,
princess of Epirus. Greek philosopher
Aristotle was Alexander's tutor, instructing
him in rhetoric and literature and
stimulating his interest in science, medicine,
and philosophy.

21. The Ancient Greeks were the first Europeans
to read and write with an Alphabet, which
eventually led to all modern European
languages.
The Ancient Greek Language has different
theories of origin; firstly some believe it
migrated with the Proto-Greek speakers into
the Greek Peninsula, dating from 2500BC to
1700 BC.
Second Theory considers the migration into
Greece happened before Proto-Greek, so the
characteristics of Greek sounds were later.
There were three major dialects in ancient
Greece, Aeolic, Doric and Ionic. Each of these
were from different tribes, the Aeolians lived in
the islands of the Aegean, the Dorians, from
the Greek coast of Peloponnesus, including
Crete, Sparta and other parts of West Coast
Asia Minor.

22. Athens is the symbol of freedom, art,
and democracy in the conscience of the
civilized world. The capital of Greece
took its name from the goddess Athena,
the goddess of wisdom and knowledge.
In Athens memory never fades.
Wherever you stand, wherever you
turn, the city's long and rich history
will be alive in front of you. This is
where that marvel of architecture, the
Parthenon, was created.
This is where art became inseparable
from life, and this is where Pericles
gave the funerary speech, that
monument of the spoken word. In the
centre of town are two hills, the
Acropolis with the monuments from
the Age of Pericles, and Lycabettus
with the pictures of chapel of Ai

27. Born in 287 B.C., in Syracuse, a Greek seaport
colony in Sicily, Archimedes was the son of Phidias,
an astronomer. Archimedes was schooled at Euclid's
school in Alexandria, Egypt, which was one of the
biggest cities of the time.
In pure mathematics he anticipated many of the
discoveries of modern science, such as the integral
calculus, through his studies of the areas and
volumes of curved solid figures and the areas of
plane figures. He also proved that the volume of a
sphere is two-thirds the volume of a cylinder that
circumscribes the sphere.
Archimedes spent the major part of his life in Sicily,
in and around Syracuse. He did not hold any public
office but devoted his entire lifetime to research and
experiment.
Archimedes was killed by a Roman soldier after
snapping at him ``Don't disturb my circles. ''

28. Homer was an ancient Greek epic poet. He is
famous for his poetic works, the Iliad and the
Odyssey. There are controversies about the
original creator of these epic poems but they
are largely attributed to Homer himself.
Some theories believe that he belongs to 850 BC
while others consider him as living during the period
of the Trojan War. Except for what the literary
works of different ancient writers reveal, there is not
much known about Homer.
Poems like Little Iliad, the Nostoi, the Cypria and
other poems on the Trojan War are believed to be
Homer's literary works. The initial influence of the
works of Homer is considered to have led to the
development of the ancient Greek culture.

29. He was a classical Greek philosopher born in
496 BC. Socrates is considered as one of the
founders of Western philosophy. The famous
concepts of Socratic irony and the Socrates
Method are named after him.
The Socrates Method, also known as Elenchus,
is a form of philosophical inquiry used to
analyze the implications of others' position in
order to boost rational thinking and enlighten
ideas. Socrates is well known for his
contributions to the field of ethics but he was
also made valuable contributions to
epistemology and logic.Socrates mentored
Plato who taught Aristotle. Plato's famous
works bear a large influence of Socrates' ideas.
His principle clashed with the Athenian politics.
He took great efforts to improve the Athenians'
sense of justice and continued being loyal to his
society. His clashes with the Athenian views of
those times, might have led them to execute
him.

30. Born between 580 and 572 BC, Pythagoras of Samos
was an Ionian Greek mathematician. The very well
known Pythagorean theorem derives its name from
this famous mathematician of ancient Greece.
Pythagoras was the founder of Pythagoreanism, a
religious movement based on religious teaching,
common meals, exercise, reading and the study of
philosophy.
Pythagoras was instrumental in discovering that
music was based on proportional intervals of the
numbers from one to four. He was pioneering in the
discovery of the squares of numbers. He was the first
one to think that the earth is round and that planets
rotate along an axis. He called moon, the counter-
Earth, believing it being a planet and proclaimed that
all the planets revolve around a central 'fire', which
was later to be discovered as the Sun. This father of
Numbers, as he is called, expired between 500 and
490 BC
.

31. Aristotle was born in 384 BC in
Stagirus, in Northern Greece on the
Chalcidic peninsula. His father,
Nicomachus was doctor by profession
and his mother name was Phaestis.
Phaestis hometown was Chalcis in
Euboea.
There is no reference whether the medical
skills of his father were passed on to Aristotle.
But it is likely that Nicomachus would have
wanted Aristotle to become a doctor like him.
Unhappy with the living conditions in his area,
Nicomachus traveled to Macedonia and became
a court physician to King Amyntas of
Macedonia.

32. lato was a classical Greek philosopher born
428-7 B.C.E and died in 348-7 B.C.E at the age
of 80-81. The trio of Plato, Socrates (his
teacher) and Aristotle (his student) they laid the
fundamentals of Western philosophy. Along
with being a mathematician he was a also a
philosopher and a founder of an Academy in
Athens, which was first institute which
imparted higher end education to students.
Socrates has a large influence of his thinking and
teachings.
Plato was born in a wealthy family to Ariston
and Perictione. According to Diogenes' Plato's
birth was a result of Ariston's rape of
Perictione. He had two older brothers Glaucon
and Adeimantus, and a sister, Potone. Plato
also had a half brother, Antiphon when his
mother remarried after his father died.

33. Pericles was born in 495 B.C. into the wealthy
family of the Alcmaeonids. His father
Xanthippus had himself been a military
commander for Athens at the battle of Mycale
in 479 B.C. Pericles name in Greek means
'Surrounded by Glory' and as is evident that
was certainly to come true for Pericles was he
became an influential statesman for Athens
during The Peloponnesian War until his death
in 429B.C.
Pericles started his political career in the law
courts and was one of the leading prosecutors
in getting Cimon ostracised from Athens in
461B.C. Having got rid of his political
opponent and the murder of his other political
rival Ephialtes in 461B.C. Pericles was able to
consolidate his position as leading statesmen for
Athens.

34. Hippokrát s was an ē ancient Greek physician of
the Age of Pericles (Classical Athens), and is
considered one of the most outstanding figures
in the history of medicine. He is referred to as
the Western father of medicine in recognition
of his lasting contributions to the field as the
founder of the Hippocratic School of medicine.
This intellectual school revolutionized medicine
in ancient Greece, establishing it as a discipline
distinct from other fields that it had
traditionally been associated with
(notably theurgy and philosophy), thus
establishing medicine as a profession.
(ca. 460 BC – ca. 370 BC)

35. was a king of Sparta, the 17th of the Agiad line,
one of the sons of King Anaxandridas II of
Sparta, who was believed in mythology to be a
descendant of Heracles, possessing much of the
latter's strength and bravery. The date of
Leonidas' birth is not known, although Paul
Cartledge argues he must have been born
around 540 BC.
This, however, would have made Leonidas 60 at his
death and his wife would have been more than 40
years younger than he - something that would have
been extremely exceptional in Spartan society.
Furthermore, the fact that his son was still a minor at
the time of his death is another indicator that he may
have been considerably younger than Carledge
hypothesizes since Spartan men were expected to
marry before the age of 30. Had Leonidas been born
in 540, he should have had adult sons and even
grandsons by 480.

36. He was a pacifist, a free thinker, and a
humanitarian in an age when such qualities
were increasingly overshadowed by intolerance
and violence. Perhaps that is why he chose to
live much of his life alone with his books in a
cave on the island of Salamis.
Born about 480 B.C., somewhere in the
vicinity of Athens, Euripides, the son of
Mnesarchides, was destined from the beginning
to be a misunderstood poet. He presented his
first set of tragedies at the Great Dionysia in
455 B.C., but did not win his first victory until
441. In fact, he won only five awards--and the
fifth of these was not awarded until after his
death.

38. Men had the dominant role in public life in
ancient Greece. They were engaged in politics
and public events, while women were often
encouraged to stay in the home. When men
entertained, their wives were not invited to the
dinner. The Olympic Games were for males
only, while in another part of Olympia, the
women had a small event of their own in honor
of Hera. In Athens, pale skin was in style for
women, showing that they were wealthy
enough to stay inside. Also in Athens, only the
very poor woman was found at the agora
without a male escort.
The sheltering of women was not as common in
other Greek cities. For example, in Sparta,
women had much more freedom and a larger
role in society, but still secondary to men.

39. Most Greek households had slaves. Female
slaves cooked, cleaned, and worked in the
fields. Male slaves watched the door, to make
sure no one came in when the man of the house
was away, except for female neighbors, and
acted as tutors to the young male children.
Wives and daughters were not allowed to
watch the Olympic Games as the participants in
the games did not wear clothes. Chariot racing
was the only game women could win, and only
then if they owned the horse. If that horse won,
they received the prize.

40. The ancient Greeks considered their children to
be 'youths' until they reached the age of 30!
When a child was born to ancient Greek
family, a naked father carried his child, in a
ritual dance, around the household. Friends and
relatives sent gifts. The family decorated the
doorway of their home with a wreath of olives
(for a boy) or a wreath of wool (for a girl).
In Athens, as in most Greek city-states, with
the exception of Sparta, girls stayed at home
until they were married. Like their mother,
they could attend certain festivals, funerals, and
visit neighbors for brief periods of time. Their
job was to help their mother, and to help in the
fields, if necessary. Greek children played with many toys,
including rattles, little clay animals, horses on 4
wheels that could be pulled on a string, yo-yo's,
and terra-cotta dolls

41. The ancient Greeks were a deeply religious
people. They worshipped many gods.They
believed appeared in human form
and superhuman strength and ageless beauty.
The Iliad and the Odyssey, our earliest
surviving examples of Greek literature, record
men's interactions with various gods and
goddesses whose characters and appearances
underwent little change in the centuries that
followed.
The deities were depicted either by themselves
or in traditional mythological situations in
which they interact with humans and a broad
range of minor deities, demi-gods and
legendary characters.

43. On the map we can
See some of the most
Important cities and
Regions: