some pathologies of uterus discussion in this slide.

1. Pathologies of
Uterus

2. UTERUS :
 Major female hormone responsive reproductive organ.
 Hollow muscular organ.
 Responsible for development of embryo and fetus during
pregnancy.
 Pear-shaped organ.
It is divided into 3 parts.
 Fundus
 Body (corpus)
 Cervix or Neck

4. It has 3 layers
 Endometrium
 Myometrium
 Perimetrium
 Ligament of uterus :
 Broad ligament
 Round ligament
 Cardinal ligament
 Anterior and posterior ligament
Blood supply :
 uterine artery (branch of internal iliac artery)
 ovarian artery

6. UTERINE FIBROIDS
 Very common non-cancerous growth that develop in
muscular wall of uterus.
 Can cause uterus to grow size of 5th month
pregnancy.
 Most common tumor of female genital tract.
Consist of 3 types
 Subserosal fibroids
 Intramural fibroids
 Submucosal fibroids

7. SYMPTOMS :
 pelvic pain.
 Pain in back & legs.
 Heavy & prolonged
menstrual periods.
TREATMENT :
 Surgery –Hysterectomy
Myomectomy

8. UTERINE FIBROID EMBOLIZATION
 It is performed by
vascular Interventional
Radiologist under local
anesthesia.

9.  Catheter is used to deliver small particles that block
the blood supply to fibroid tumor.
 Causes fibroid tumor to shrink & die.

10. UTERINE PROLAPSE
 Downward displacement of
uterus into vaginal canal.
 Gradually descends of
uterus in axis of vagina
taking the vaginal wall.

11. Causes :
 Stretching of muscle, fibrous tissue.
 Increase abdominal pressure.
 Predisposition of stretching of ligament as a response
presumably to year in erect position.

12. Degrees of Prolapse
 First degree :

13.  Second degree :

14.  THIRD DEGREE :

15. Symptoms :
 Back pain
 Stress incontinence
 Increase frequency of micuturition
 “Bearing down” sensation.
 Difficult in voiding urine.
Treatment :
 Surgery : Vaginal hysterectomy
Manchester repair

16. VAGINAL PESSARY TREATMENT
 It is fit inside vagina and holds
uterus place.
 It can be permanent or
temporary.

17. TYPES OF PESSARY

19. UTERINE DIDELPHYS
 Represent a uterine malformation.
 Uterus present paired organ when embryo genetic fusion of
mullerian duct fail to occur.
 As a result Double uterus with 2 separate cervices, often a
double vagina.
Symptoms :
 cramping pain before (or) during menstrual period.
 Abnormal bleeding.

21. Diagnosis :
 Trans vaginal
ultrasonography
 Sonohysterography
 MRI
Treatment :
 Surgery – laparoscopic
hysterectomy

22. UTERINE SARCOMA
 A group of malignant tumor
that arise in connective
tissue and smooth muscle
of uterus.
 It usually occur after
menopause.
Types of sarcoma :
 LEIOMYOSARCOMA :
cancer begins in smooth
muscle.

23.  Carcinosarcoma :
Occur in post menopausal –median age of women.
Associated with diabetes, hypertension, obesity.
It also cause pelvic irradiation.

24.  Endometrial stromal sarcoma :
cancer begin in connective tissue.

25. Symptoms :
 Unusual or postmenopausal bleeding.
 Pelvic pain.
 Uterus enlarges.
Diagnosis :
 Ultrasound
 MRI
 Hysteroscopy
 Biopsy
Treatment :
 Surgery : Hysterectomy
Bilateral salpingo-ophorectomy
Lymphadnectomy

26. HEMATOMETRA:
 Collection or retention of blood in
uterus.
 Caused by imperforate of hymen ,
transverse vaginal septum.
Symptoms :
 Cramping pain in lower abdomen.
 For premenopausal women –
abnormal bleeding.
 Dysmenorrheal ( pain during
menstruation)
 Amenorrhea (absent periods)

27. Diagnosis :
 Ultrasound
 MRI
 Biopsy
Treatment :
Surgery -
 Hysterectomy
 Laparoscopy method.