Hannes Meyer was a Swiss architect and the second director of the Bauhaus in Dessau from 1928 to 1930. During his time at the Bauhaus, he emphasized social aspects of design and gave new impulses to the institution. Some of his most notable works include the ADGB Trade Union School, which showcased Bauhaus design principles, and balcony access houses in the Dessau-Törten settlement. Meyer believed that functional needs like hygiene, weather protection, and daily routines should determine architectural design.

1. HISTORY REPORT
NAME - GAURAV WAMAN PEDNEKAR
ROLL NO. – 27
YEAR - 3RD YEAR B.ARCH.
SUBJECT – HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE – III
SEM - 1ST SEMEBER
COLLEGE - N.D.M.V.P. CANS

2. AR. HANNES MEYER
(November 18, 1889 – July 19, 1954)
“Building is just organization: social, technical, economic and physical organization.”

3. Bauhaus and German modernism
The Bauhaus was first founded by Walter Gropius in Weimar. In spite of its name,
and the fact that its founder was an architect, the Bauhaus during the first years of
its existence did not have an architecture department. Nonetheless, it was founded
with the idea of creating a "total" work of art in which all arts, including architecture,
would eventually be brought together. The Bauhaus later became one of the most
influential currents in modern design, Modernist architecture and art, design and
architectural education.The Bauhaus had a profound influence upon subsequent
developments in art, architecture, graphic design, interior
design, industrial design, and typography
The paradox of the early Bauhaus was
that, although its manifesto proclaimed
that the ultimate aim of all creative activity
was building, the school did not offer
classes in architecture until 1927.

4. AR. HANNES MEYER
Hannes Meyer was one of the most important
architects of New Architecture movement of
the 1920s. During his brief term in office as the
second Bauhaus director, he gave the
institution new impulses that had a lasting
influence on important aspects of the
Bauhaus’s reception and animated the topical
debates. His theory, which emphasised the
social aspects of design, was widely criticised and poorly received.
Hannes Meyer, the son of an architect, began his architectural career in 1905
with training as a mason and construction draughtsman in Basel. He also
attended construction courses at the vocational school there. This was
followed by sojourns in Berlin, staying with the architects Albert Fröhlich and
Johann Emil Schaudt. He then studied housing construction in the English town
of Bath. In 1916, he became the office manager for the Munich architect
Georg Metzendorf, for whom he worked on the planning of the Krupp
Margarethenhöhe housing estate in Essen.
AR. HANNES MEYER was a Swiss architect and second director
of the Bauhaus inDessau from 1928 to 1930.

5. 1905-1919 - School of applied arts, mason apprenticeship in Basel, various
levels of architectural training and employment in Berlin design offices,
becomes self-employed architect in 1919
1919 -1924-First important responsibilities in cooperative housing
development, Freidorf Estate in Basel
1926 - Joint office with Hans Wittwer in Basel, significant competition
designs 1926-27
1927 - Appointment as head of the architectural department at
the Bauhaus in Dessau by Walter Gropius
1928 - Bauhaus director, participation in the competition for the ADGB
Trade Union School Bernau bei Berlin (joint design with Hans Wittwer),
first prize and commission (end of April 1928), with their design of the
school building Hannes Meyer and Hans Wittwer create one of
modernism’s most significant architectural works

6. 1930 - fDismissal for political reasons, Hannes Meyer departs for the Soviet
Union with seven students, employed as a teacher at the Moscow School
of Architecture and Civil Engineering (WASI), director positions in several
architectural firms, culminates in involvement in the newly-formed
architectural academy
1936 - Return to Switzerland, few opportunities for architectural
activities
1939 - Appointment in Mexico and head of the newly founded Institute
for Urban Development and Planning, followed by various activities in the
design sector
1949 - Return to Switzerland

7. Meyer's design philosophy is reflected in
the following quote :-
1. SEX LIFE
2. SLEEPING HABITS
3. PETS
4. GARDENING
5. PERSONAL HYGIENE
6. WEATHER PROTECTION
7. HYGIENE IN THE HOME
8. CAR MAINTANNANCE
9. COOKING
10. HEATING
11. EXPOSURE TO THE SUN
12. SERVICES
these are the only motives when building a house. We examine the daily
routine of everyone who lives in the house and this gives us the functional
diagram - the functional diagram and the economic programme are the
determining principles of the building project."(Meyer, 1928)

8. SEX LIFE SLEEPING HABBITS PETS

9. GARDENING PERSONAL HYGIENE WEATHER PROTECTION

10. HYGIENE IN THE HOME CAR MAINTAINANCE COOKING

11. HEATING EXPOSURE TO THE SKY SERVICES

12. Palace of the League of Nations
Original plans for a competition design
for the ‘Palace of the League of
Nations’, Geneva, 1927: assembly hall,
floor plans for the basement and
ground floor
In their design for the Palace of the
League of Nations, Hannes Meyer and
Hans Wittwer were guided by the
nature and goals of the League of
Nations, founded in 1920. Its central
concerns were the establishment of a
public sphere and transparency for
resolving international problems, and
the maintenance of peace.

13. This design, which received third prize,
envisaged a two-part architectural
body linked with a multiple-storey
bridge. The assembly chamber
complex featured a hall capable of
seating 2,600 people, the oval ground-
plan of which was covered with a
dome and surrounded by four floors of
foyers and meeting-rooms, as well as
the general secretariat offices and the
press office.
The secretariat complex was to consist
of a 24-storey tower with an adjoining
low building which was to house
additional assembly rooms, a library
with reading rooms and a book
depository. The building’s transport links
were to involve non-intersecting one-
way traffic.

14. ADGB Trade Union School
The ADGB Trade Union School was a
complex of teaching and
administrative buildings in the north
of Bernau in a forested area just
outside Berlin (Bernau bei
Berlin), Germany, constructed for the
former General German Trade Union
Federation (ADGB). It was designed by
the Bauhaus architect Hannes
Meyer with his partner Hans Wittwer
between 1928-1930, at which time
Meyer was the director of the Bauhaus
school in Dessau.The former ADGB
School is a preeminent, but little-known
example of Bauhaus-designed
architecture.

15. CONCEPT
The architecture reflects the teachings
intrinsic to the Bauhaus ideologies and is a
'paradigmatic example of functional
architecture'.The functionality taking
precedent over anything else, the school
was stripped back of any unnecessary
decoration. Meyer's design is composed of
separate, individual structures that come
together cohesively in the surrounding
landscape. The design came directly from
the functional diagrams that Meyer had
developed where all the lounges are
oriented towards the landscape and the
nearby lake.
The reception building bares a
resemblance to the entrance of a factory
site, which keeps in line with the purely
functionalist design. There are
three chimneys which constitute the
heating system and are accompanied by
a block-like cube of the auditorium,
creating a dominating entrance scene to
the complex.Immediately behind the
entrance are the public buildings,
positioned to create a square plan, which
is exacerbated by the square auditorium
in the middle. This form is intended to
create an expression of unity, the unity of
a community.

16. The auditorium is a windowless room, the strong introversion allowing
maximum concentration on the action. Sophisticated technology
supported the lecturers: A push-button would reduce the light band and
dim the lights, while all three wall elements at the front hung with maps
and graphs were moveable.
Around the auditorium lined the administration building to the west,
while south and east was the kitchen, dining room, sun room and
recreation rooms together. The restrooms were opposite to the
auditorium. All of these facilities were designed so that they allowed a
digression of thought, and a relaxation of the mind.

17. Balcony Access Houses
Hannes Meyer and the Bauhaus
Dessau Architectural Department
(Design) , Balcony Access Houses,
Törten
Expansion of the Dessau-Törten
Settlement, Laubenganghaus, 1929-30
Bauhaus-Archiv Berlin
With the construction of the second
phase of the Törten Estate, the
Bauhaus’s department of architecture
entered into its first collaborative
building project.

19. hree study cells formed by the students
took on the design and development
planning of the estate – a mixed
development of single-family and
rental properties – under the direction
of Hannes Meyer and other teachers in
the architecture department such
as Hans Wittwer and Ludwig
Hilberseimer. However, Meyer (in
collaboration with 12 students) was to
build only five Balcony Access Houses
before his dismissal.
Houses before his dismissal. Each of the
three-storey buildings houses 18 flats,
each with 2.5 rooms on 47 square
metres with self-contained central
heating, fitted kitchen and bathroom.
Access to the flats is facilitated by
staircase towers and balconies running
along the north façade. The balconies
that were planned for the south
façade were not built for cost reasons.

20. Competition design for the Petersschule, Basel
Hannes Meyer, Hans Wittwer and
building course Bauhaus Dessau
(design), Competition design for the
Petersschule, Basel, 1926
Bauhaus Dessau Foundation

21. Hannes Meyer and Hans Wittwer’s
entry in the architecture competition
for the Petersschule building in the old
town of Basel was rejected in 1926 in
the first round. However, its radical
character, which embraced every
element of New Objectivity, made it
the most important of all the designs
submitted.