The Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960, authored by acclaimed dancer and animal lover, Rukmini Devi Arundale, is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted in 1960 to prevent the infliction of unnecessary pain or suffering on animals and to amend the laws relating to the prevention of cruelty to animals.

1. THE PREVENTION OF
CRUELTY TO ANIMALS ACT, 1960
(59 of 1960)
amended by Central Act 26 of 1982

2. Short title, extent and commencement
(1) This Act may be called the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
Act, 1960.
(2) It extends to the whole of India except the State of Jammu
and Kashmir. ,
(3) It shall come into force on such date as the Central
Government may, by notification in the official Gazette,
appoint, and different dates may be appointed for different
States and for the different provisions companied in thisAct.

3. Laws for Animals

4. Objective
To prevent the infliction of unnecessary pain
or suffering on animals as well as to prevent
cruelty to animals.

5. Definitions
➢“Animal" means any living creature other than a human being.
➢“Domestic animal" means any animal which is tamed or
which has been or is being sufficiently tamed to serve some
purpose for the use of human or which, although it neither has
been nor is intended to be so tamed, is or has become in fact
wholly or partly tamed.

6. ➢“Captive animal" means any animal (not being a domestic
animal) which is in capacity or confinement, whether
permanent or temporary, or which is subjected to any appliance
of contrivance for the purpose of hindering or preventing its
escape from captivity or confinement or which is pinioned or
which is or appears to be maimed.
➢“Owner", used with reference to an animal, includes not only
the owner but also any other person for the time being in
possession or custody of the animal, whether with or without
the consent of the owner.

7.  “Phooka" or “Doom dev" includes any process of
introducing air or any substance into the female organ of a
milch animal with the object of drawing off from the animal any
secretion of milk
 “Street" includes any way, road, lane, square, court, alley,
passage or open space, whether a thoroughfare or not to which
the public have access
 Cruelty: infliction of unnecessary pain or suffering

8. EXPERIMENTATION OF ANIMALS
I. advancement by new discovery of physiological knowledge
or
II. knowledge which will be useful for saving or
III. for prolonging life or
IV. alleviate suffering or
V. for combating any disease, whether of human beings,
animals or plants.

9. Committee for the Purpose of Control and
Supervision of Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA)
➢Constituted by Central Govt
➢CG nominates one of the member as chairman
➢Committee has power to regulate its own procedure
➢CG gives grants and funds to CPCSEA
➢Subcommittee can be formed to execute various functions
➢Committee may appoint staff members, officers and other
employee

10. Duties and powers of the Committee
 To take all such measures as may be necessary to ensure that
animals are not subjected to unnecessary pain or suffering
before, during or after the performance of experiments on
them.
 (a) the registration of persons or institutions carrying on
experiments on animals is essential;
 (b) the reports and other information which shall be forwarded
to the Committee by persons and institutions carrying on
experiments or, animals

11. Objectives of the rules made by CPCSEA
➢In particular, and without prejudice to the generality of the
foregoing power, rules made by the Committee shall be
designed to secure the following objects, namely
I. In cases where experiments are performed in any institution,
the responsibility therefore is placed on the person in charge
of the institution. In cases where experiments are performed
outside an institution by individuals responsibility therefore
is placed on the person. The individual person must be
technically qualified and competent

12. II. experiments should be performed with due care and
humanity and that as far as possible experiments involving
operations are performed under the influence of some anaesthetic
of sufficient power to prevent the animals feeling pain.
III. that experiments on animals are avoided wherever it is possible to
do so; as for example; in medical schools, hospitals, colleges etc.
if other teaching devices such as books, models, films may equally
suffice.
IV. that experiments on larger animals are avoided when it is
possible to achieve the same results by experiments upon small
laboratory animals like guinea-'pigs, rabbits, frogs and rats.

13. V. as far as possible, experiments are not performed merely
for the purpose of acquiring manual skill.
VI. animals intended for the performance of experiments are
properly looked after both before and after experiments.
VII. suitable records are maintained with respect to experiments
performed on animals
➢ All rules made by the Committee shall be binding on all
individuals performing experiments outside institutions and on
persons in-charge of institutions in which experiments are
performed

14. Institutional Animal Ethics Committee
Functions
To review and approve research proposals involving lab animals
I. To provide suggestions for modification of the proposals
wherever necessary
II. To conduct periodic supervision of Institute’s animal facility
III. To ascertain ethical use of animals and protection of well being
of animals during and after research. When research activity is
not found in accordance to CPCSEA guidelines to help adopt
correct measures.

15. Institutional Animal Ethics Committee
Functions
IV. To see that all those persons involved in animal care and
research are adequately trained to handle the animals.
V. To ensure that GLP guidelines are followed in animal facility
to protect the researchers and all others involved in animal
handling.

16. Constitution of IAEC
I. Biological Scientist, Chairperson
II. Scientist Incharge ofAnimal House Facility- Member Secretary
III. Scientist from different discipline (From different institute and
from same institute)
IV. Veterinarian
V. CPCSEA Main Nominee
VI. Socially Aware Nominee
VII. Link Nominee

17. ➢The IAEC is valid for a period of five years and is
renewed after that period.
➢Any change in IAEC members can be made only with
prior approval of CPCSEA.
➢IAEC is required to be reconstituted at the time of
renewal of registration as per CPCSEA guidelines.

18. ➢It is required to convene the meeting of the reconstituted
IAEC within a period of 30 days and upload the same on
the website of the CPCSEA.
➢Only above approved IAEC members shall sign, with
date, on the attendance sheet of the IAEC meetings, and
decisions will be taken only in meetings where quorum
is complete.

19. ➢The quorum for holding IAEC meeting is six (6), and
CPCSEA Nominees must be present in such meetings.
➢Link Nominee can attend in case main nominee conveys
his unavailability in writing to the chairman IAEC.
➢Socially aware member's presence is compulsory in cases
referred to CPCSEA and at least in one meeting in a
calendar year.

20. ➢Any decision taken in the meetings of IAEC without
quorum shall be considered invalid.
➢Before commencing any research on large animals it is
required to send research protocols with due
recommendation of IAEC to CPCSEA for further approval.
➢The Main Nominee is requested to ensure that the IAEC
meetings are held regularly as stipulated in the SOP of
CPCSEA and submit the Annual Inspection Reports of the
Animal House Facility regularly on theWebsite of CPCSEA.

21. CRUELTY TO ANIMALS-
Treating animals cruelly (1) If any person
I. Beats, kicks, over-rides, over-drives, over-loads, tortures or otherwise
treats any animal so as to subject it to unnecessary pain or suffering; or
II. Wilfully and unreasonably administers any injurious drug or injurious
substance to (any animal) or wilfully and unreasonably causes or
attempts to cause any such drug or substance to be taken by (any
animal;)
III. Conveys or carries, whether in or upon any vehicle or not, any animal
in such a manner or position as to subject it to unnecessary pain or
suffering; or

22. IV. Keeps or confines any animal in any cage or other receptacle
which does not measure sufficiently in height, length and breadth
to permit the animal a reasonable opportunity for movement; or
V. Keeps for an unreasonable time any animal chained; or
VI. Being the owner, neglects to exercise or cause to be exercised
reasonably any dog habitually chained up or kept in close
confinement; or
VII. Being the owner of (any animal) fails to provide such animal with
sufficient food, drink or shelter; or

23. VIII. Without reasonable cause, abandons any animal in circumstances which
tender it likely that it will suffer pain by reason of starvation thirst; or
IX. Wilfully permits any animal, of which he is the owner, to go at large in
any street, while the animal is affected with contagious or infectious
disease or, without reasonable excuse permits any diseased or disabled
animal, of which he is the owner, to die in any street; or
X. Offers for sale or without reasonable cause, has in his possession any
animal which is suffering pain by reason of mutilation, starvation, thirst,
overcrowding or other ill treatment; or
XI. Promotes or takes part in any shooting match or competition wherein
animals are released from captivity for the purpose of such shooting

24. Offences and Penalties
▪ Treating animals cruelly is punishable with fine NLT Rs.
10/- which may extend to Rs. 50/- on first conviction • On
subsequent conviction with in three year of previous
offence, it is punishable with fine NLT Rs. 25/- which may
extend to Rs. 100/- or imprisonment of three months or
with both.

25. Offences and Penalties
 Preforming operation like Phooka or any other
operation to improve lactation which injurious to health
of animal is punishable with fine up to Rs. 1000/- or
imprisonment up to 2 year or with both. Animal may be
forfeited by the government.

26. Offences and Penalties
 Contravention of any order made by the committee or breach of
any condition imposed by the committee is punishable with fine
up to Rs. 200/-.

27. Members
1. Two members each of the
a. ICMR
b. ICAR
c. CSIR
2. Nominated members: By central Govt.
▪ Two members from universities giving medial and veterinary
degree.
▪ Five non official members from the persons actively engaged in the
promotion of animal welfare nominated by the central govt.
3. One member from Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha elected by respective
houses.
Committee for the Purpose of Control and
Supervision of Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA)

28. Animal Procurement
1. All animals must be acquired lawfully as per the CPCSEA
guidelines.
2. A health surveillance program for screening incoming
animals should be carried out to assess animal quality.
3. Methods of transportation taken into consideration.
4. Each consignment of animals should be inspected for
compliance with procurement specifications, and the
animals should be quarantined and stabilized according to
procedures appropriate for the species and circumstances.

29. QUARANTINE
• Separation of newly received animals from those
already in the facility until the health and possibly
the microbial status of newly received animal have
been determined.
• A minimum duration of quarantine for small animal-
1 week and for larger animal-6 week.
• An effective quarantine minimizes the chance for
introduction of pathogens into an established colony.

30. STABILIZATION
• Physiologic, psychological and nutritional
stabilization should be given before their use.
• Duration of stabilization will depend on type and
duration of animal transportation and species of
animal.

31. SEPARATION
• Physical separation of animal by species is
recommended to prevent interspecies disease
transmission and to eliminate anxiety and
possible physiological and behavioural changes
due to interspecies conflict.
• It shall be acceptable to house different species
in the same room ,e.g. two species have a similar
pathogen status and are behaviourally
compatible.

32. SURVELLANCE, DIAGNOSIS, TRETMENT
AND CONTROL DISEASE
1. All animal should be observed for signs of illness,
injury, or abnormal behaviour by animal house
staff.
2. Animals that show signs of a contagious disease
should be isolated from healthy animals in the
colony.

33. PERSONAL HYGIENE
▪ Animal care staff maintain a high standard of personal
cleanliness.
▪ Clothing suitable for use in the animal facility.
▪ It acceptable to use disposable gear such as gloves, masks,
head covers, coats, coveralls and shoe covers.
▪ Person should change clothing as often as is necessary to
maintain personal hygiene.
▪ Personnel should not be permitted to eat, drink, smoke or
apply cosmetic in animal rooms.

34. TRANSPORT OF LABORATORYANIMALS
• The main considerations for transport of animals
are
1. the mode of transport,
2. the containers, the animal density in cages, food
and water during transit,
3. protection from transit infection, injuries and
stress.

36. •
HUSBANDRY & MANAGEMENT

37. PHYSICAL FACILITIES
• BUILDING MATERIALS- moisture-proof, fire-resistant,
seamless materials are most desirable for interior surfaces
including vermin and pest resistance.
• CORRIDOR- wide enough to facilitate the movement of
personnel as well as equipments and should be kept clean.
• UTILITIES- water lines, drain pipes and electrical connection
• ANIMAL ROOM DOORS- rust, vermin and dust proof. it
properly within their frames and provided with an observation
window.
• FLOORS- smooth, moisture proof, non-absorbent, skid-proof,.

38. • WALLS & CEILINGS- free of cracks, unsealed utility
penetrations, or imperfect junction with doors, ceilings,
floors and corners.
• STORAGE AREAS- separate storage areas should be
designed for feed, bedding, cages and materials not in use.
• FACILITIES FOR SANITIZING EQUIPMET AND SUPPLIES-
an area for sanitizing cages and ancillary equipment is
essential with adequate water supply.
• EXPERIMENTALAREA- should be carried out in a separate
area from the place where animals are housed.

39. ENVIRONMENT
• Air conditioning is for laboratory animals.
temperature with in the range of 180 -290c
• Relative humidity- 30-70% throughout the year for
large animal comfortable zone-18-37 °C
• POWER & LIGHTING- the electrical system should be
safe and provide appropriate lighting and a sufficient
no. of power outlets.
A time control light system should be used.
NOISE CONTROL- noise free environment

40. ANIMAL HUSBANDARY
• CAGING & HOUSING SYSTEM-
✓ Adequate ventilation
✓ Meet the biological need of animal
✓ Keep the animal dry and clean
✓ Cages made of steel or painted steel
✓ Feeding and watering devices should be easily
accessible for filing, changing, cleaning and
servicing.

41. FOOD
• Should be fed palatable, non-contaminated and
nutritionally adequate food.
• Diet should be free from heavy metals.
BEDDING
▪ Absorbent, free of toxic chemicals or other
substances that could injure animals or personnel
▪ Should be removed and replaced with fresh
materials as often as necessary to keep animal
clean and dry.

42. Water
Ordinarily animals should have continuous access to fresh,
potable, uncontaminated drinking water, according to their
particular requirements.
SANITATION CLEANLIESS
• Sanitation is essential in an animal facility. Animal rooms,
corridors, storage spaces, and
• other areas should be cleaned with appropriate
detergents and disinfectant .

43. Waste disposal
• Wastes should be removed regularly and frequently.
All waste should be collected and disposed in a -
safe and sanitary manner. The most preferred
method of waste disposal is incineration.
Emergency, Weekend And Holiday Care
• Animal should be cared for by qualified personnel
every day, including weekends and holidays, to
safeguards their well- being including emergency
veterinary care

44. Record keeping
The Animal House should maintain followingrecords:
1. Animal House plans,
2. Animal House staff record - both technical and non -technical
3. Health record of staff! animals.
4. All SOPs relevant to the animals
5. Breeding, stock, purchase and sales records
6. Minutes of institute Animals Ethics CommitteeMeetings
7. Records of experiments conducted with the number of animals
used (copy of Form b)
8. Death Record, Clinical record of sick animals, Training record
of staff involved

45. ANAESTHESIA
EUTHANASIA
ANAESTHESIA
• It must also be ensured that the anesthesia is given for
the full duration of experiment.
• and at no stage the animal is conscious to perceive pain
during the experiment.
• sedatives, analgesics and anaesthetics should be used
to control pain or distress under experiment

47. Euthanasia
(eu =good.thanatos =death)
PURPOSE
• End of experiment , to provide tissue for
scientific purpose.
• Free the animal of pain
• Diseased animal or animal in bad
condition

48. Methods
• Physical methods: electrocution, cervical
dislocation
• Drug administration: overdose of chloral hydrate,
ketamine , chloroform