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Lecture 8
Macroeconomics
Opening
Prayer
Quiz Master
Chapter 10
Stock Market and Personal
Finance
What is a
Market?
Where buyers
and sellers can
discover value
$100
$0
$50
$75
$25
Value
Range
Price
Seller
Buyer
$100
$0
$50
$75
$25
No Overlapping
Value Range
Seller
Buyer
No Price
Discovery
Private information
becomes public
information when
people act.
money put at risk over time
money is time
savers and borrowers
(1+r)n
insurance
limited liability corporations
double entry accounting
Financial Capital
Dow Jones Industrial Average
DJIA
30 leading companies
S&P 500
Weighted by size
Better indicator
NASDAQ
3,000+ Stocks
smaller and
high tech
National Association of Securities
Dealers Automated Quotations
Indexes
DJIA
S&P 500
NASDAQ
Investment
GDP:
purchases of new capital
Stocks and Bonds
Firm
An organization that
organizes capitals
Types of Firms
Proprietorships
Partnerships
Corporations
Issues
Complexity
Liability
Taxes
Raising Money
Control
Proprietorship
one owner
easy to create
one tax
unlimited liability
hard to raise money
ends with death
Partnership
two or more owners
easy to create
combine talents
all are liable
disagreements
ends with death
Corporation
one to many owners
limited liability
raise financial capital
does not die with shareholders
harder to create
more regulation
double taxation
Number Revenues
Proprietorships 70% 4%
Partnerships 10% 16%
Corporations 20% 80%
Dividends
portion of profits paid to
shareholders
Raising Money
Borrow
Retained Earnings
Sell Ownership Shares
Financial Statements
Income Statement
Balance Sheet
Income Statement
Revenue
- Expenses
= Net Income
What happened between two dates?
Balance Sheet
What I own
What is the status on a speci
fi
c date?
What I owe
What I am worth
=
Assets
Liabilities
Net Worth
Must balance
Valuation
Stock Price x Number of Shares
$50 a share
1,000,000 shares
$50,000,000 value
Valuation
Share Price: $145
Share Outstanding: 16 billion
Value ?
$2.32 trillion
wolframalpha.com
Accounting Pro
fi
t
Explicit Costs
Explicit + Implicit Costs
Economic Pro
fi
t
Finance
Time
Risk
Finance
Time - t or n
Risk - r or i
Foundation Finance
Formula
(1 + r )
n
r = risk rate
n = time periods
number of periods
Value r = 5%
r = 10%
r = 15%
Value = (1 + r)n r = rate
n = number of periods
number of periods
Value
r = 15%
Value = (1 + r)n r = rate
n = number of periods
Future
Value
Present
Value
FutureValue?
Future Value = Amount Today x Factor
Factor is the Growth Formula
(1 + r )
n
r = rate
n = time periods
FutureValue?
(1 + r )
n
r = 10% or 0.10
n = 5 years
(1 + 0.10)5
(1.10)5
1.61
FutureValue?
Future Value = Amount Today x Factor
$161 = $100 x 1.61
Future Value is compounding
Future Value is multiplying
PresentValue?
Present Value = Future Amount Ă· Factor
Present Value = $500 Ă· 1.61
$310.56 = $500 Ă· 1.61
Present Value is discounting
Present Value is dividing
Finance
Unknown - Present Value or Future Value?
Must know rate and number of periods
Compute Factor with formula
(1+r)n
If FV multiply
If PV divide
Present Future
x Factor ?
Ă· Factor ?
Factor Formula = (1 + r )
n

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