5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice 24-28 August 2014 in Davos, Switzerland

1. Enhancing Community Resilience:
Optimal Capacity Building for
Expediting Post Disaster Recovery
Prof Makarand (Mark) Hastak and Abhijeet Deshmukh,
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland
www.grforum.org
Purdue University, USA
Presented by
Prof Makarand (Mark) Hastak
Aug 28th, 2014

2. Failure of infrastructure after disasters and
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland
www.grforum.org
their impact on community recovery
2

3. Disasters (2010-2011)-Haiti Earthquake
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
Natural Cata3strophe Map 2010-2011
‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland
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Haiti

4. Haiti Earthquake
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
Debris Removal – Haiti
Collection/Processing/Disposal
‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland
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seaport
Transportation Network
Civil
-Transportation Networks
-Seaport
-Landfills
Civic
- Governance, Policies
Social
-NGOs working
Resources
-Equipment needed
Delayed Recovery in Port-au-Prince
9 months after the earthquake,
98% debris remained uncleared

5. 5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland
www.grforum.org
Types of Infrastructure
Civil Civic Social Environmental Financial Education
Utility
Systems
Emergency
Centers
Homes Landscape Disaster Funds Training
Water, Gas,
Electricity
Hospitals
Religious
Centers
Wastelands Insurance Programs
Transportatio
n Systems
Police, etc.
Community
Centers
Donors
Feedback
Mechanism
Roads,
Bridges, etc.
Governance
, etc.
NGOs

6. 5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland
www.grforum.org
Concept Development
Disaster impacted infrastructure: -
–Damaged and unable to support recovery effectively
–Reduced serviceability levels
– Need to identify capacities that will help in reaching expected
serviceability level that will improve resilience
Resilience (UNISDR):- The ability of a system, community or society exposed
to hazards to resist, absorb, accommodate to and recover from the effects of a
hazard in a timely and efficient manner, including through the preservation
and restoration of its essential basic structures and functions. Building optimal capacities for the six infrastructure
systems will allow communities to achieve feasible
resilience by expediting recovery.

7. Flow of Impact
Emergency
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
Epidemic
‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland
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Emer
gency
Short
Term
Long
Term
Civil Infrastructure
Social & Civic Infrastructure
Natural
Disaster
Direct
Impact
Secondary
Impact Crime, etc.
Direct
Impact
Post Disaster
Recovery
Time (t)
Performance
Expediting
Recovery
Types of Impacts
Emer
gency
Short
Term
Long
Term
Short-Term
Long-Term
Different Phases in Community
Recovery

8. Concept Development
Long Term
Recovery
Short term
Recovery
Long Term
Recovery
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
Emergency
Phase
‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland
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ER ST LT
8
Time (t)
Serviceability
Impact
Emergency
Phase
Short term
Recovery
Additional Resources
Infrastructure
Airport
Water Supply
Waste Water
Road Network
Communication
Electricity
Activities
Reconstruction
Business
Education
Access to
Livelihood
Rescue
Building Capacity and Expediting Recovery

9. Framework of Decision Support System
Decision Support System
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
Social
Environmental
‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland
www.grforum.org
for Capacity Building
9
Long Term Short Term Emergency
Infrastructure
Expected
Results
Data
Collection
Assessment
Inter-relationships
Recovery
Time
Analysis
based on
Existing
Capacity
Civil
Civic
Capacities
Capacity
Needs
Assessment
Resilience
Versus
Capacity
Technical Social Economic
Loss
Assessment
Tools
Developing Strategies
Building Capacity
Expediting Recovery
Infrastructure
|
Community
|
Capacity
Site
Investigation
Financial
Educational

10. Framework of Decision Support System
(DSS) for Capacity Building
Phase-2: Capacity Assessment
Inter-relationship
(Phase-specific)
Infrastructure
|
Community
|
Resources
Financial
Civic Environmental
Output Output
Output
Identifying Capacity
Gap
ER ST
LT
Output
Recovery
Time
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
Determine Damage
Infrastructure
Civil Educational
Social
Water Serviceability Hospital Serviceability
Time
Output
Time
‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland
Development of
Strategies (Recovery
Planning)
Expediting
Recovery
Building
Capacity
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INPUT MODULE ANALYSIS MODULE
Phase-1: Damage
Assessment
Phase-3: Severity Assessment
Severity of Impact
over time
Modeling Relationship
Emer
gency
Short-term
Long-term
• Identify activities specific to each phase
• Reduced Infrastructure serviceability, existing
capacities of resources
Impact over Time
Assess Existing
Capacities
-Infrastructure
serviceability
-Resources
Phase-4: Capacity Needs
Assessment
• Gap in capacity
• Gap in infrastructure
serviceability
•Estimated Quantities of
Recovery Activities
•Damage on infrastructure
Technical Data
Social Data
Economic Data
Loss
Assessment
Tools
PDNA
HAZUS-MH
Site
Investigation
Interview,
Survey
Infrastructure, capacity,
damage, debris generated,
etc.
No. of survivors,
social/economic activities,
no. of displaced, NGOs, etc.
Business, Livelihood, etc.
RESULTS
Identification
of :
Phase wise
Capacities
Infrastructure
Serviceability
during
recovery
period
Impact on
Communities
Natural
Disaster
Impacts on:
Enhancing
Resilience
Feedback
Filling Capacity
Gap
Improving
Serviceability
Infrastructure
Communities
Infrastructure serviceability
over time

11. Hospital
A
0.36MGD
Health Care
Providers
Nursing
Home
0.4MGD
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland
www.grforum.org
Post Disaster Situation
WTP
10MGD
School
Industry
Community
100,000 households
Trauma
0.2MGD
Hospital
0.14MGD
Hospital
A
0.19MGD
5.07 MGD
6.7 MGD

12. Perspective For Optimal Capacity Building
Mitigation Strategies
Build Capacity and Enhance Resilience
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland
www.grforum.org

13. Water Demand in post Disaster Situation
Short-term
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
0.22
Gap
‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland
Pre disaster
Water Demand
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0.37
Water (MGD)
Gap
Private Well
Govt
NGO
WTP
t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7 t8 t9 t10 t11 t12
Time (days)
Emergency
0.19 Water Demand
Desired goal of Hospital is to reach
pre-disaster levels in a timely manner

14. t Developing Strategies
Zone of Influence
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland
www.grforum.org
Emergency Short Term Long Term
Critical Infrastructure
Community/Industry
Topography Training Disaster Funds
Floodplain Programs Insurance
Marshlands Lessons Learned Donors
Utilities Water, Gas,
Ele.
Em. Centers Homes
Trnspn. Hospitals Rel. Centers
Landfills Police, NGOs
levees Govt., etc

15. 5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland
www.grforum.org
Developing Strategies
• Strategies for building capacities
– Cost effective and time effective
– Capacities should have more than one purpose
– Capacities selected should be able to provide desired level of
resilience
• Important factors to consider:
– Relating Cost associated and probability of occurrence of the event
– Are they scalable?
– Can the capacities be shared
– Multiple decisions made and their impact on overall recovery
– Tradeoff between capacity building and enhancing resilience

16. t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7 t8 t9 t9 t10 t11
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland
www.grforum.org
Developing Strategies
• Repeated events would fine tune the process
• Satisfying expected water demand in different post
disaster situations after successive implementation of
strategies
• Dynamic modeling and Optimization could be used for:-
– assessing impacts and resilience
• Simulating different capacity building strategies
• Varying disaster events
Disaster 2 Time
Disaster 3
t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7 t8 t9 t9 t10 t11
Time
Disaster 1

17. Added value for the Post 2015 Framework for
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland
www.grforum.org
Disaster Risk Reduction
• How did your work support the implementation of the
Hyogo Framework for Action:
– Emphasizing capacity building of six infrastructure systems,
i.e., civil, civic, social, educational, financial and environmental
to expedite recovery
– Minimize the lack of continuity between the loss assessments,
damage assessments and information available from site, the
recovery plan and implementation of reconstruction.
– Increase the coordination and communication among different
actors who are in charge of different stages of the recovery
process

18. Added value for the Post 2015 Framework for
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland
www.grforum.org
Disaster Risk Reduction
• From your perspective what are the main gaps, needs and
further steps to be addressed in the Post 2015 Framework
for Disaster Risk Reduction in
– Research: Integration of research results in decision making
at all levels.
– Education & Training: Development of a multidisciplinary
workforce in disaster management and its inclusion in DRR
strategy at all levels
– Implementation & Practice: Development of a feedback
mechanism to make sure that decisions are taken based on
past community based DRR experience
– Policy: Minimize the lack of continuity between planning and
implementation during recovery

19. 5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland
www.grforum.org
Makarand (Mark) Hastak, PhD, PE, CCP
ACE Fellow 2013-14
Professor and Head of Construction Engineering and Management
Professor of Civil Engineering, Purdue University
Email: hastak@purdue.edu
Abhijeet Deshmukh, PhD Candidate
School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University
Email: deshmukh@purdue.edu