graphic aids

1. GRAPHIC
AIDS
GROUP 6:
FERRER
HERMOSILLA
HERNANDEZ
MANGILIMAN

2. • Also called “VISUAL AIDS”.
• Communicate facts to the readers.
• Conveys a thousand words in just a glance.
• Used by researchers, technical writers, reporters
and students.
• It presents information in pictorial form or in
other specific formats in order to consolidate,
clarify or prove the written material.
• Helps to enhance comprehension.

3. TABLES
BAR GRAPH
LINE GRAPH
GEENA MARIS
MANGILIMAN

4. • Tables are used when the reader must identify
exact values.
• Tables arrange data in a manner that makes
them easy to read and understand.
• Tables present large amounts of data in a
simple, brief, and clear linear format.
• Tables use rows and columns to give data or
descriptions.

5. •Example: Favorite Pets of Students
Dogs Cats Fish Birds Other
820 700 350 230 400

6. • Bar Graph is a chart that compares the relative
amount of items by using parallel rectangular
bars of varying lengths.
• Bar graphs can be vertical or horizontal.
• Illustrate specific points or to present information
contained in the text in a visual format that is
easily understood by readers.
• Present numerical data pictorially, helping
readers visualize relationships among data.

7. • The difference in the level of water at high tide
and low tide varies from place to place, and from
day to day. The average difference between
high tide and low tide water levels at Portland,
Maine is 9 feet and 1 inch. At Sandy Hook, New
Jersey, it is 4 feet and 8 inches. The difference
at Boston, Massachusetts, is 9 feet and 6
inches. At Key West, Florida, it is 1 foot and 10
inches.

8. •Example: Average differences in water
levels: High and low tide

9. • Also called “POINT TO POINT GRAPH”.
• Points are connected to show relationships
between two or more items.
• There may be one or more lines depending on
the items.
• Great for emphasizing relationships or trends of
data.
• Commonly used for portraying functions in which
time is the independent variable.

10. • Example:

11. PIE GRAPH
PICTOGRAPH
ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
GANTT CHART
DONNA
HERMOSILLA

12. • A specialized graph used in statistics.
Independent Variable: plotted around a circle in
either a clockwise direction or a counterclockwise
direction.
Dependent Variable: (usually a percentage) is
rendered as an arc whose measure is proportional to
the magnitude of the quantity.

13. • Shows comparison.
It can easily see which item is the most popular and
which is the least popular.
• Applications of pie charts:
 Business- show the success or failure of certain
products or services.
 School- showing how much time is allotted to each
subject.
 Home- useful when figuring out your diet.

14. • Example:

15. • Uses picture symbols to convey the meaning of
statistical information.
• Pictographs should be used carefully because
the graphs may, either accidentally or
deliberately, misrepresent the data. This is why
a graph should be visually accurate.

16. • Example:

17. • A diagram that shows outlines of the internal
structure of a company.
• This chart is the most common visual depiction
of how an organization is structured.
• It outlines the roles, responsibilities and
relationships between individuals within an
organization.
• An organizational chart is also called an org
chart.

18. • Three types of organizational chart structures:
Hierarchical- the most common with higher ranking
individuals situated a top the chart and lower ranking
persons found below them.
Flat or Horizontal Chart- depicts individuals along
the same level, not placing greater importance to an
individual's title by placing them above any other
individual.
Matrix- a structure that is more complicated, with
individuals grouped by their common skill-sets but
also by the groups in which they work and people
they may report to.

19. • Hierarchical:

20. • Flat or Horizontal Chart:

21. • Matrix:

22. • A horizontal bar chart developed as a production
control tool in 1917 by Henry L. Gantt, an
American engineer and social scientist.
• It provides a graphical illustration of a schedule
that helps to plan, coordinate, and track specific
tasks in a project.

23. • This chart may be simple versions created on
graph paper or more complex automated
versions created using project management
applications such as Microsoft Project or Excel.
• It has rectangular bars and the length of each
bar is proportional to the time value necessary
for each task on the work breakdown structure.

24. • Example:

25. DOT CHART
DIAGRAM
DRAWING
MAPS
ELVINCE
FERRER

26. • Is a statistical chart consisting of data points
plotted on fairly scale using filled in circles.
• Two versions:
By Leland Wilkinson- depicts distribution.
By William Cleveland- alternative to the bar chart,
in which dots depicts quantitative values
associated with categorical variables.

27. • By Wilkinson:

28. • By Cleveland:

29. • A two dimensional geometric symbolic
representation of information using visualization
technique.
• The term diagram in its commonly used sense
can have a general or specific meaning:
 Visual Information Device: Like the term "illustration"
the diagram is used as a collective term standing for the
whole class of technical genres, including graphs,
technical drawings and tables.
 Specific Kind of Visual Display: This is the genre that
shows qualitative data with shapes that are connected
by lines, arrows, or other visual links.

30. • Visual information:

31. • Specific Kind of Visual Display:

32. • Useful in portraiting a rare object. It helps reader
to visualize and understand the subject. It can
also show emphasis and details.

33. • Examples:

34. • Basically used for identifying position or
describing a certain location. It gives a clear
view about the place or location.

35. • Varieties of maps are drawn to understand the
patterns of the regional distributions or the
characteristics of variations over space these
maps are known as the distribution maps or
thematic maps.
• Classification of Thematic Maps based on
Method of Construction:
 Quantitative/ Statistical Maps- numerically measurable
 Qualitative/Non-Quantitative- non-measurable

36. • There are three types of quantitative maps:
 Dot maps- dot maps are drawn to show the distribution
of phenomena such as population, cattle, types of crops,
etc. The dots of same size as per the chosen scale are
marked over the given administrative units to highlight
the patterns of distributions.

37. • Dot maps:

38.  Choropleth maps- These are maps, where areas are
shaded according to a prearranged key, each shading or
colour type representing a range of values. Choropleth
maps are also appropriate for indicating differences in
land use, like the amount of recreational land or type of
forest cover.

39. • Choropleth maps:

40.  Isopleth maps- Isopleth maps differ from choropleth
maps in that the data is not grouped to a pre-defined
unit like a city district. These maps can take two forms:
o Lines of equal value are drawn such that all values on
one side are higher than the "isoline" value and all
values on the other side are lower, or
o Ranges of similar value are filled with similar colours or
patterns

41. • Isopleth maps:

42. PICTURE OR
PHOTOGRAPH
SUGGESTION IN USING
GRAPHIC AIDS
APRIL JOY
HERNANDEZ

43. • Most realistic and dramatic representation of
physical features.
• Clarity of it is achieved through good lightning,
wisely chosen camera angle, and an absence of
irrelevant background detail.
• In a good photograph, the reader can see
exactly what the writer is talking about.

45. • Our photographs tell us what is important to us

46. • Photographs are part of our legacy

47. • Photographs allow us to share and to
communicate

48. • Photography makes us artists

49. • Photography is a complex language

50. • Photography has the power to move us

51. • Suggestion in using Graphic Aids:
 Make them appropriate to the situation.
 Label them completely.
 Place them in an appropriate location for proper
formatting.
 Integrate them with the text.
 Report accurately.