1. Objective 1: Improve groundnut
productivity for marginal environments
from Sub-Saharan Africa
EMBRAPA- UGA – ICRISAT – ISRA-Senegal –
Malawi Nat. Prog. – Tanzania Nat. Prog
GCP-ARM – Lisbon – 27-30 Sept 2013

2. 1: Diversity (disease / drought)
2: Molecular tools / SNPs
3: Disease QTL
4: Breeding (MABC / new pops)
5: Training
6: Data management
Rust
Rosette
Early leaf spots
Drought

3. A. hypogaea
cv IAC Runner-886
BC-111
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
AixAd
BC-5
BC-3
BC-136
BC-138
BC-203
BC-36
BC-33
BC-156
BC-6
BC-77
BC-157
BC-15
BC-30
BC-13
BC-170
BC-111
BC-145
Productivity (g)
%DLA *10
Rust: ICGV 02194, ICG 11426,
ICGV 01276, ICGV 02286, and
ICG 02446
Rosette: ICG 14705, ICG 13099,
ICG 9449, and ICG 15405
ELS in ESA; ICG 6022, ICG 405, ICG
14466, ICG 6057, ICG 9449 and ICG
12509
ELS in WCA: ICG 6703; ICG 10036,
ICG 10384 ICG 9449, ICG 12509, and
ICG 11219
Wild germplasm
Cultivated germplasm

4. CSSL phenotyping in Senegal
Year Season Trial Traits
2011 off 2 water regimes
3 replications
Plant, seed and pod
morphology,
Yield components
2012 off 2 water regimes
3 replications
Plant, seeds and pod
morphology
Yield components
2012 rainy Nioro
3 replications
ELS
2013 rainy 3 locations
Nioro (800mm)
Bambey (550mm)
Ndieul (300mm)
3 replications
Yield components
Subset of 80 CSSLs (Fleur 11 x AiAd)
42 QTLs over 4 traits
Same subset of 80 CSSLs
- Icrisat Niger (2011)
- Icrisat Malawi (2011)
- Icrisat India (2011)
- Embrapa (Dec 2012)
Activity 1: Genetic resources

5. Development of new populations at ISRA-CERAAS
A. duranensis
A. ipaensis
A. batizocoi A. valida
A. hypogaea
Var Fleur11
ISATGR 278-18
F1 ISATGR 52B x Fleur11
X
Activity 1: Genetic resources

6. ABQTL (BC2F4) pop. ISATGR278-18 x Fleur11
 22 BC1 plants identified out of ~500 plants checked
 Check of introgressions and recombinations on 14 l. groups
 168 BC2 obtained from 22 BC1 x Fleur11♂
 BC2F4 available in Oct. BC2F4:6 phenotyping in sep. 2014
Activity 1: Genetic resources
ABQTL (BC2F4) pop. ISATGR52B x Fleur11
 F1 produced in 2012 / 112 BC1 currently identified.
 Target 192 BC1 for genetic map construction
 Ongoing backcrossing of 50 BC1 ➜ 400 BC2 in July
 BC2 ➜ BC2F2 Sep. – Dec. 2013
BR-BatSten1 = (A. batizocoiK9484 x A. stenospermaV10309)4x
BR-BatDur1 = (A. batizocoiK9484 x A. duranensis V14167)4x
BR-BatDur2 = (A. batizocoiK9484 x A. duranensis SeSn2848)4x
BR-IpaVillo1 = (A. ipaensis KG30076 x A. villosaV12812)4x
BR-GregSten1 = (A. gregoryiV6389 x A stenospermaV10309)4x
BR-IpaCor = (A. ipaensisKG30076 xA. correntina )4x
ALL RESISTANT TO
RUST!!!!
New synthetics produced at EMBRAPA

7. 60 lines from phase 1 re-evaluated across locations
ICG 12879
ICGV 02189
55-437
ICG 3140
ICG 4729
ICG 3584
ICGV 02038
ICGV 02266
ICGV 96466
ICGV 97182
ICG 4750
ICG 11088
47-10
ICG 14482
ICG 2772
ICG 5663
JL24
ICG 1834
ICG 12625
ICG 8106
ICGV 99001
ICGV02038, ICGV02189, ICGV 86124, ICGV 01276 and ICGV
97182) in good agronomic background identified by farmers on
station are being used to generate new crosses to enhance drought
and disease tolerance in sensitive varieties Activity 1: Genetic resources

8. R² = 0.65
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00
PodYield-WS
Transpiration Efficiency
Postrainy season
Activity 1: Genetic resources
Sensitive
Tolerant
VPD response / Canopy development dynamics
Branching
Leaf area
LA under soil drying
LA under high VPD

9. Development and use of
KASPar genotyping assay
*used for MABC also; LLS: Late leaf spot; ELS: Early leaf spot; GRD:
Groundnut rosette disease O/L: Oleic/ linoleic fatty acid; DR: Disease
resistance
Total SNPs selected for KASPar assay 96
No. of validated markers on 94 genotypes 90
No. of polymorphic markers in reference set 72
Mean polymorphic information content (PIC) 0.32
Parental genotypes of mapping
populations
Segregating traits Polymorphic
markers
Polymorphism
rate (%)
Interspecific mapping populations
TMV 2 × TxAG 6 Agronomic traits 40 44.4
ICGV 87846 × ISATGR 265-5 Agronomic traits 36 40.0
ICG 0350 × ISATGR 184 Agronomic traits 37 41.1
ICG 0350 × ISATGR 9B Agronomic traits 36 40.0
ICG 0350 × ISATGR 5B Agronomic traits 44 48.9
ICG 0350 × ISATGR 90B Agronomic traits 36 40.0
Intraspecific mapping populations
TG 26 × GPBD 4 Rust and LLS resistance 19 21.1
TAG 24 × GPBD 4* Rust and LLS resistance 18 20.0
ICG 11337 × JL 24 LLS resistance 22 24.4
ICGV 93437 × ICGV 95714 ELS resistance 20 22.2
Robut 33-1 × ICGV 95714 ELS resistance 23 25.6
ICGV 93437 × ICGV 91114 Rust resistance 9 10.0
ICGV 93437 × ICGVSM 95342 Rust resistance 23 25.6
ICGS 76 × CSMG 84-1 Drought tolerance 9 10.0
ICGS 44 × ICGS 76 Drought tolerance 5 5.6
TAG 24 × ICGV 86031 Drought tolerance 0 0.0
Chalimbana × ICGVSM 90704 Resistance to GRD 2 2.2
CG 7 × ICGVSM 90704 Resistance to GRD 6 6.7
ICGV 07368 × ICGV 06420 High & low oil content 12 13.3
ICGV 07166 × ICGV 06188 High & low oil content 10 11.1
ICGV 06420 × SunOleic 95A* O/L ratio 13 14.4
Intraspecific marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC) populations
ICGV 91114 × GPBD 4 Rust resistance 15 16.7
JL 24 × GPBD 4 Rust resistance 17 18.9
ICGV 03042 × SunOleic 95A O/L ratio 12 13.3
ICGV 02411 × SunOleic 95A O/L ratio 15 16.7
ICGV 05141 × SunOleic 95A O/L ratio 12 13.3
ICGV 05100 × SunOleic 95A O/L ratio 10 11.1
Activity 2,3: Genomic resources

10. Details of different
linkage maps
TAG 24
x
ICGV 86031
(RIL-1)
ICGS 76
x
CSMG 84-1
(RIL-2)
ICGS 44
x
ICGS 76
(RIL-3)
TAG 24
x
GPBD 4
(RIL-4)
TG 26
x
GPBD 4
(RIL-5)
Marker loci mapped 191 119 83 188 181
Linkage groups 22 18 16 20 20
Marker loci/LG 2-19 2-14 2-10 2-17 2-15
Avg. marker loci/LG 8 7 5 9 8
Total map distance (cM) 1785 888 2203 1922 1964
Avg. distance/LG (cM) 81.15 59.2 110.1 96.1 85.4
Avg. inter-locus distance
(cM)
9.54 11.88 15.47 10.23 9.9
Five genetic maps
maps for 4x groundnut
TAG 2009, 118:729-739;
TAG 2010, 121:971-984;
Field Crops Res 2011, 122:49-59;
TAG 2011 122:1119-1132;
Mol Breeding 2012, DOI 10.1007/s11032-011-9661-z;
Mol Breeding 201 2, DOI 10.1007/s11032-011-9660-0.

11. LG_AhI
LG_AhII
LG_AhIII
LG_AhIV
LG_AhV
LG_AhVI
LG_AhVII
LG_AhVIII
LG_AhIX
LG_AhX
LG_AhXI
LG_AhXII
LG_AhXIII
LG_AhXIV
LG_AhXV
LG_AhXVI
LG_AhXVII
LG_AhXVIII
LG_AhXIX
LG_AhXX
Reference consensus
genetic map
Marker loci mapped 897
Total map distance 3863.6 (cM)
Map density 4.42 (cM)
Activity 2,3: Genomic resources

12. BC1 A. hypogaea ×
amphidiploid
CIRAD, France
RIL-1 A. hypogaea ICRISAT, India
RIL-2 A. hypogaea ICRISAT, India
RIL-3 A. hypogaea ICRISAT, India
RIL-4 A. hypogaea ICRISAT, India
RIL-5 A. hypogaea ICRISAT, India
RIL-6 A. hypogaea GAAS, China
RIL-7 A. hypogaea GAAS, China
RIL-8 A. hypogaea GAAS, China
RIL-9 A. hypogaea USDA-ARS, USA
RIL-10 A. hypogaea USDA-ARS, USA
TF5 A. hypogaea ×
amphidiploid
EMBRAPA, Brazil
SKF2 A. hypogaea KDRI, Japan
NYF2 A. hypogaea KDRI, Japan
High density consensus genetic
map
Marker loci mapped 3,693
Total map distance (cM) 2,651
Map density (loci/cM) 1.39

13. Consensus QTL map for
drought tolerance traits
Mol Breed 2012, 32:757-772
Cluster 6
Cluster 13
Cluster 11
Cluster 1
Cluster 12
Cluster 2
Cluster 7
Cluster 14
Cluster 16
Cluster 4
Cluster 5
Cluster 8
Cluster 9
Cluster 10
Cluster 3
Cluster 15

14. How yield and traits QTL co-map
in cultivated peanut ?
QTL cluster for:
Leaf expansion
Leaf area
Leaf conductance

15. Consensus QTL map for
Rust and LLS resistance
Major QTL
for LLS
Major QTL
for rust
Common
QTLs
for LLS
and rust
Mol Breed 2012, 32:773-788

16. Parental screening of mapping
populations for disease resistance
* Selected based on parental polymorphism
# F6 RIL phenotyped for ELS
Populations Markers
screened
Poly.
markers
Disease
resistance
Locations
ICGV 93437 X ICGVSM 95342* 1000 61 Rust resistance Malawi
ICGV 93437 X ICGV 94114 1000 56 Rust resistance Malawi
CG7 X ICGVSM 90704* 1000 119 GRD Malawi
CHALIMBANA X ICGVSM 90704 1000 84 GRD Malawi
ROBUT 33-1 X ICGV 95714* 1000 111 ELS Malawi
ICGV 93437 X ICGV 95714 1000 24 ELS Malawi
ICGV 86124 X ICG 7878 # 510 31 ELS Niamey
GRD : Groundnut rosette disease
ELS : Early leaf spot

17. Marker-assisted breeding
for rust resistance
Promising introgression lines are under replicated yield assessment trial
Cross Number of
lines
evaluated *
Lines with
mean disease
score of 2 *
ICGV 91114 x GPBD 4 57 25
JL 24 x GPBD 4 69 23
TAG 24 x GPBD 4 103 29

18. Some of the trainees
• 3 scientists and 3 technicians trained in drought phenotyping and logisticics
of advancing breeding populations
• Mr Adama Zongo ( PhD student from Burkina Faso) has undergone 3-
month training at ICRISAT Bamako and is currently being trained at Niamey
for his thesis research on MAS for ELS.
• Mr. Richard Oteng Frimpong from SARI Ghana spent a month at the
genomics centre of excellence at ICRISAT Center familiarising with the new
tools and techniques and performed molecular characterisation of 50
advanced breeding lines introduced from ICRISAT Bamako
• Omar Halilou, Philippo Machamba trained on drought phenotyping
• Etc…
Capacity building
Data Management
Phenotypic and genotypic data mostly delivered
See Patrick Okori’s presentation Monday pm

19. Acknowledgments:
Partners, Farmers, TL
1 Team, GCP, BMGF
Thank you