This document discusses moving from open data to linked open data. It notes that in 30 days, 47 new useful services were created using open data at a total cost of $50,000, with an estimated return on investment of 4,000%. It advocates linking and connecting open government data using shared identifiers and descriptions in order to enable greater innovation, transparency and collaboration across organizations.

1. Fra Open Data til
Linked Open Data
Stian Danenbarger <@stidan>style
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Bouvet ASA
<stian@bouvet.no>

6. •
30 dager...
•
47 nye anvendbare tjenester...
•
Totalkostnad USD 50k (20k i premier)
•
Estimert ROI på 4000 % (!)

7. W. David
Stephenson
•
”Democratizing Data”
(O’Reilly Media, under arbeid)
•
“The potential benefits
of democratizing data
are many, and varied:
–
more informed policy
debate, grounded in
fact, rather than
rhetoric
–
consensus building
–
better legislation
–
greater transparency
and less corruption:
greater accountability
–
optimizing program
efficiency and reducing
costs

8. “A hierarchy of database journalism”
Level 5: Data experiences
and storytelling
Level 4: Data visualization
Level of ambition
Level 3: Data exploration
Level 2: Data search
Level 1: Data delivery
"If we can find enough of these things that intersect
with the lives of our readers, I think we will be all right.“
− Dennis Ryerson, Editor, “the Indianapolis Star”
Basert på Rich Gordon: “Data as journalism, journalism as data” (2007)

9. COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT, Brussels, 7.5.2009
on the re-use of Public Sector Information
– Review of Directive 2003/98/EC –

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14. Offentlige Norge:
”Tjenestetrappa”

15. Hvordan blir handlingsplanene fulgt opp?
De årlige
tildelingsbrevene fra det
enkelte fagdepartement
til underliggende etater
definerer hvilke
oppgaver etatene skal
utføre gjennom det
kommende året. Disse
har lite eller ingen
fokus på samhandling
med andre etater.
⇒
“Siloene” går hele veien
fra departement og ned
til operativ etat.
Regjeringens samhandlingsstrategier blir ikke fulgt opp av departementene !!
Semicolo

16. ftp://ftp.cordis.europa.eu/pub/ist/docs/ict-ent-net/isg-report-4-0-erratum_en.pdf

17. “So far, the deployment of EI has been based
strongly on a combination of the following two
objectives:
•
Objective 1: Supporting a “big bang” transition to
a more efficient, enterprise-wide “best way” of
working. This seeks to make sure that the enterprise
remains competitive under changing market
conditions. This new best way of working is defined
by a relatively small group of dedicated expert
analysts (industrial engineers, business engineers,
information analysts etc.) and implemented and
maintained top-down.
•
Objective 2: Once the major change related to
Objective 1 is completed and the new way of
working has become business as usual, exploiting
the predicted gains in efficiency as much and as
long as possible in order to secure a proper return
on the investment made during the initial big bang
change process.”

18. •
Objective 3: EI should stimulate value creation
based on innovation and co-creation in a context of
networked enterprises that is very much defined
bottom-up, by creative, committed workers.
According to this perspective, EI helps “reflective
practitioners” to manage their work, their
responsibilities, the key knowledge they possess,
and their relations to the work and knowledge of
others (inside and outside their own enterprise).
Unlike the traditional approach, this support is not
driven top-down and purely enterprise centric, but
allows a much more individual and subjective
approach that leverages personal creativity and
initiative.
While traditionally individuals were supposed to
adjust to “the system”, now the situation is
reversed: the system is much more
about supporting the individuals.”

19. •
“If we let
the computer
do the job
and stop
worrying
about the
operations
executed
inside the
black box, this
may imply an
ever-greater
decrease in our
knowledge and
“Transparent computer systems - transparent government“, D. W. Schartum (1995)

20. Skiftende paradigmer?
Desentralisert og emergent
Fokus: Prosesserbar informasjon
Data: Delte identifikatorer (URI),
selvbeskrivende
hypermedia-formater
over HTTP
Komponent-basert
Fokus: Tjenester
Data: XML, åpne skjema, namespaces
Objekt-orientert
Fokus: Struktur
Data: Databaser med proprietære skjema, tekst
Prosedyre-orientert
Fokus: Syntaks
Data: Internt i applikasjoner
1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 2015

21. Tom Coates, Yahoo: ”The web as it was”…

22. Tom Coates, Yahoo: ”Web of the future?”

23. Samhandling krever delte definisjoner –
og delte identifikatorer for disse
•
Gjelder ikke bare entiteter – også relasjoner og føringer
•
Eksempel:
–
Skole, skoleeier – og relasjonene mellom
–
Fag, eksamen, skole – og relasjonene mellom
Når flere løsninger skal spille
sammen, må identifikatorene løftes
ut av de lokale s ys temene

27. Utdanningsdirektoratets Grep: Delt datamodell
med forskriftsstatus for grunnutdanningen
Definisjoner
Oppdateringer
Formidling/annotering
Resultater
S pørring/abonnement

28. Visjonen er der, byggeklossene også…
Direktoratet
Skoler og lærere
Leverandører av
læringsressurser
Elever •
Veilede
•
Tilrettelegge
•
S kape muligheter
L ok a le
læ re pl a ne
r R e s s u rs e R e s s urs
er M a te ria le
K o m p e ta n s e r fu nn et M a te ria le
mål fra fra fun ne t
priv a te elle r
S k o le n e tt la g et a v ell er
H o ve do m et a k tø re r la g e t a v
rå d læ re re
er ele ve r
Fa
g

29. Atom/RSS (inkl. podcasts)
SMS/MMS
IM/XMPP ”Abonnere
Epost
Kalendersynk. på et søk!”
…
•
Registrering •
“Discovery”
•
Notifikasjon •
“Trust metrics”
•
Indeksering •
Filtrering
•
Aggregering •
Abonnement
•
Dele
•
Finne
•
Tilgjengeliggjøre Indeks •
Sammenstille
PRODUSENT MEDIATOR KONSUMENT

32. •
“[…]
regardless of
what may
be regarded as
a true
service-
orientation,
we should
avoid
employing
computerized
systems in a
way that
reduces the
“Transparent computer systems - transparent government“, D. W. Schartum (1995)