4. LTE is being rapidly deployed globally
Evolving for faster, better mobile broadband
Commercial network
launches in 48 countries
Commercial devices
across 100s of vendors
LTE / LTE Advanced
subscriptions worldwide
95+
1,500+
>900M
Source: GSA (www.gsacom.com)—Oct 2015 on network launches, Dec 2015 on subscriptions
6. In many European countries , the 900 MHz band has been
made technology agnostic , and while it is still widely used for
GSM in Europe , operators are slowly starting to reuse the
band to address the needs of the 3G market and to
complement The main 2600 MHz band.
However , there is little evidence of operators investing into
deploying LTE in the 900 MHz band in short to mid term.
APAC
! 700 MHz
! 800 MHz
! 1800 MHz
! 2100 MHz
! 2600 MHz
Middle East
! 900 MHz
! 1800 MHz
! 2300 MHz
! 2600 MHz
Europe
! 800 MHz
! 1800 MHz
! 2600 MHz
North America
! 700 MHz
Lat. Am.
! 700 MHz
! 2600 MHz
7. This growth in traffic volumes and user expectations force
operators to rethink the use of their spectrum assets and look
towards refarming their GSM spectrum to deploy more
spectral efficient LTE. Because its not enough anymore .
8. 1800 MHz is One of The largest Available cellular
Blocks With a Significant Amount of spectrum in
many regions. Even Though it may take time before
this band is exploited to its full potential for LTE
1800 MHz band
12. LTE has a coarse granularity bandwidth,
typically 5 MHz, and the resources of the
GSM spectrum are slowly released. This
means that a certain part of the spectrum is
used ineffectively. So it is essential to
improve the efficiency of GSM / LTE
spectrum rearranging multiple technologies
15. One-off Refarming
One-off refarming is reallocate part of the
1800 band to 4G network once and for all.
Such type of refarming is preferable for
operators with a wide spectral band.
16. Interim Refarming
This solution is suitable for operators whose spectra
resources are limited. Some operators still carry a high
percentage of mobile phone users, so we can do a
spectrum refarming only in part to the use of LTE. [13]
The interim refarming is a flexible system that proposes
to reallocate GSM spectrum as a function of lower GSM
traffic. For the 'Interim refarming' two modes of
assigning frequencies are available: 'Sandwich
frequency allocation "and" Edge frequency allocation
17. Solution « Sandwich frequency »
In the allocation method 'sandwich', LTE will be
allocated on any position in the resources of the
operator's spectrum (not necessarily in the middle of
the tape). The GSM network will occupy both sides
The solution uses the LTE spectrum that stretches
dynamically according to the randomness of the traffic.
18. In this case, and as shown in Figure 10, the LTE and
GSM systems are arranged side by side with an
asymmetric distribution.
Solution "Edge frequency"
20. The cover problem is mainly caused by the
decrease in power as a function of the
distance across the space when passing by
objects. An LTE network may be built in the
DCS 1800 frequency band at a lower cost
with better coverage than the LTE in 2600
since it was already used to the 2G network
25. Our 1800 refarming
solution will be applied
to these holes through
the reuse of part of the
DCS 1800 band which
was already operated by
4G. This helps us better
achieve our solution as
the 4G equipment are
preinstalled.
