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Changes Over Time
Warm-up: For the first five minutes of class quick-write about the following
question in your notebook. Your answers do not need to be correct, just write
what you know or think you know.

Explain in your own words you understanding so far of the following terms:

   Artifical Selection

   Natural Selection

   Evolution
Pre-Darwin

  Before Darwin, many scientists had dedicated their lives to
   categorizing the species of the world.

  A scientist named Carl Linneaus made numerous travels
   throughout the globe and noticed that everywhere he went,
   similar species existed with slighty different changes in each
   location.

  This led him to believe that some form of adaptation existed
   among organisms, and helped him classify many of the species
   in existence into different categories.
Darwin

  In 1831 Charles Darwin embarked on a 5 year voyage on the SS
    Beagle around the globe.

  After studying thousands of species of organisms on each of the
   continents he hypothesized that every similar species had a
   common ancestor.

  While studying species on the isolated Galapagos Islands the
   differences between mainland and island species made him
   reason that plants and animals may have changed gradually
   over time due to differences in their environments.

  This gradual change over time is called evolution.

  Upon returning from his trip, Darwin spent the next decades of his
   life testing his hypothesis to form a scientific theory.

  A Scientific Theory is a well tested concept which explains a wide
   range of observations.
Evolution

  For many thousands of years humans had used artificial selection
   to breed plants and animals.

  Aritificial Selection is when humans use the natural processes of
   evolution by choosing which species with which specific traits
   will pass on their genes.

  Natural Selection is this process as it occurs in nature. Organisms
   adapt to their surroundings and change over time to better
   survive and create more offspring.

  By creating more offspring, the genes which helped one
   organisms survive will pass on to the children, allowing them to
   also better survive.

  All of this is possible because of genetic variation among each
   individual organism.
Evidence for Evolution

  Comparative Anatomy shows us the similarities in characteristics
   of modern and ancient species.

  Homologous Structures are body characteristics which are similar
   between two species.

  This can tell us which species are likely to have a common
   ancestor.
Also:
Evidence for Evolution

  Other clues to show the relation between two species are
   similarities in DNA and in early development.
Fossils
  Fossils tell us a great deal about how life has developed over
   time.

   Finding well preserved fossils is very difficult because so many
    perfect factors are required to preserve remains.

   Trace fossils are incomplete fossils which show evidence of life in
    the past.

   Because life decomposes fully, there are many gaps in the fossil
    record, but new discoveries are found every year and the gaps
    fill in quickly, giving us a clearer picture of how life has changed
    over time.
New Species
  Evolution is the change in characteristics of an organismover
   time. But when can we determine that a new species is born?

  A new species forms when a group of individuals remains isolated
   from the rest of it's species long enough to evolve different traits.

  We know something is a new species when it is unable to breed
   with the species it originally came from.
Common Ancestor
  A Common Ancestor is the distant relative of any two species.

  If you go back far enough, every single organism on earth has a
    distant relative, some are more closely related than others.

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7th Grade Life Science - Evolution

  • 2. Warm-up: For the first five minutes of class quick-write about the following question in your notebook. Your answers do not need to be correct, just write what you know or think you know. Explain in your own words you understanding so far of the following terms: Artifical Selection Natural Selection Evolution
  • 3. Pre-Darwin Before Darwin, many scientists had dedicated their lives to categorizing the species of the world. A scientist named Carl Linneaus made numerous travels throughout the globe and noticed that everywhere he went, similar species existed with slighty different changes in each location. This led him to believe that some form of adaptation existed among organisms, and helped him classify many of the species in existence into different categories.
  • 4. Darwin In 1831 Charles Darwin embarked on a 5 year voyage on the SS Beagle around the globe. After studying thousands of species of organisms on each of the continents he hypothesized that every similar species had a common ancestor. While studying species on the isolated Galapagos Islands the differences between mainland and island species made him reason that plants and animals may have changed gradually over time due to differences in their environments. This gradual change over time is called evolution. Upon returning from his trip, Darwin spent the next decades of his life testing his hypothesis to form a scientific theory. A Scientific Theory is a well tested concept which explains a wide range of observations.
  • 5. Evolution For many thousands of years humans had used artificial selection to breed plants and animals. Aritificial Selection is when humans use the natural processes of evolution by choosing which species with which specific traits will pass on their genes. Natural Selection is this process as it occurs in nature. Organisms adapt to their surroundings and change over time to better survive and create more offspring. By creating more offspring, the genes which helped one organisms survive will pass on to the children, allowing them to also better survive. All of this is possible because of genetic variation among each individual organism.
  • 6. Evidence for Evolution Comparative Anatomy shows us the similarities in characteristics of modern and ancient species. Homologous Structures are body characteristics which are similar between two species. This can tell us which species are likely to have a common ancestor.
  • 8. Evidence for Evolution Other clues to show the relation between two species are similarities in DNA and in early development.
  • 9. Fossils Fossils tell us a great deal about how life has developed over time. Finding well preserved fossils is very difficult because so many perfect factors are required to preserve remains. Trace fossils are incomplete fossils which show evidence of life in the past. Because life decomposes fully, there are many gaps in the fossil record, but new discoveries are found every year and the gaps fill in quickly, giving us a clearer picture of how life has changed over time.
  • 10. New Species Evolution is the change in characteristics of an organismover time. But when can we determine that a new species is born? A new species forms when a group of individuals remains isolated from the rest of it's species long enough to evolve different traits. We know something is a new species when it is unable to breed with the species it originally came from.
  • 11. Common Ancestor A Common Ancestor is the distant relative of any two species. If you go back far enough, every single organism on earth has a distant relative, some are more closely related than others.