1. CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION ACTION PLAN IN THE SOLID
WASTE SECTOR FOR ADDIS ABABA CITY, ETHIOPIA
Composting of Solid Waste in Addis Ababa City
Prepared By: Fikru Tessema
Addis Ababa Health Bureau
Office of Env’t Sanitation
October 2001
Addis Ababa
Ethiopia

2. PROJECT IDENTIFIERS
1. Project name:
Composting of Municipal Solid Waste in
Addis Ababa City
2. GEF Implementing Agency:
United Nations Development Programme
(UNDP), UNEP, World Bank
3. Countries in which the project is being
implemented:
Ethiopia.
4. Country eligibility:
Ethiopia has ratified the UNFCCC in April
1994.
5. GEF focal area:
Climate change
6. Operational program/Short-term measure:
Reduction of landfilling of organic
municipal solid waste - Turning Waste to
Organic Fertiliser.
7. Project linkage to national priorities, action plans, and programs (country drivenness):
As signatory to the UNFCCC Ethiopia needs to identify and implement GHG mitigation
options which could contribute to the sustainable development of the country and also
the global effort in reducing GHG emissions.
Based on the current policy issues, the City Council of Addis Ababa also considers its
responsibility for waste management among issues requiring top priorities; gives due
attention to up-grade solid waste management services and reinforce the legal aspects
as regards to beautification and environmental protection in the city with the
involvement of the private sector and community participation [5].
8. GEF national operational focal points and date of country endorsement:
National focal points/Endorsement Date: The Federal Democratic Republic of
Ethiopia Environmental Protection Authority.

3. PROJECT OBJECTIVES, OUT COMES AND ACTIVITIES
9. Project rationale and long and short term objectives:
Project Rationale:
Addis Ababa, among the forefront growing cities of Ethiopia, has commenced its
municipal solid waste management services some three decades back with a small
number of resources. Currently, the collection efficiency is estimated to be reached
about 65% of the total waste generated in the City. In a study conducted in1995, the
organic component of the solid waste of Addis Ababa constitutes about 70% by weight.
In a study conducted in 2000, methane emissions from MSW account for 61% of the
total emissions of the waste sector and emissions of methane from Addis Ababa City
landfills account for about 18% of the total emissions of urban centres of Ethiopia. The
SWM service is aimed at only disposing of all wastes to the landfill, which incurs
collection, transport and landfill management costs and enhance greenhouse gas
emissions. There is no any planned control or recovery method for methane emission
and planned leachate collection system and different treatment methods through out
the entire operation.
The measure to improve poor solid waste treatment options needs, therefore, an
immediate integrated action to improve the prevailing environmental condition locally
and globally. From the point of view of communicable diseases and environmental
pollution control and resource recovery, composting of organic portion of solid waste is
very important. Implementing a project on composting of municipal wastes will help to
generate income and establish environmentally sound and economically efficient
system in the waste management sector. . As a means to tackle this problem some
models which are being used and already tested, like WASTEPLAN will be utilised.
Composting is the most promising measure and more reliable solid waste treatment
option for Addis Ababa City because the major portion of SW is organic. Compost from
such type of wastes can be good quality, consistently produced, and accepted by
customers and meeting needs of end users
Long and short term objectives:
Long term:
Methane emission from the Addis Ababa City landfill could be the major focus of
mitigation measures, because it presents the greatest opportunity in reducing
greenhouse gas emissions. In the long term objectives to mitigate methane emission,
an approach, which is basically defined for the long term plan is community based
scheme that will aim at source reduction to reduce waste goes to the landfill.
Short term:
For the purpose of climate change mitigation in reducing methane emission, the
promising approach, which is also basically defined in this project is composting of
municipal solid waste that will aim at turning organic portion of the waste to fertiliser
and supplying organic fertiliser.

4. 10. Expected outcomes of the Project :
The ultimate beneficiaries of the project are the citizens of the City and the
agricultural sectors who will benefit from the outputs of the project, i.e. from:
 Improvement in the environmental conditions by treating wastes in
environmentally friendly way and
 Reducing of the import of chemical fertilisers by switching to organic
fertilisers.
The outputs of the project from its implementation will also include:
 Improvement of health and sanitation and
 Protection from pollution and deterioration of the environment.
The project will also enhance:
 The capacity of the City Council in keeping cleanliness of the City and
 Access employment for unemployed people.
11. Project activities to achieve outcomes (including cost in US$ or local currency of each
activity):
Project activities:
 Submission of project concept paper to GEF implementing agency.
 Endorsement and financing of the project concept
 Hiring of the consultant to prepare full project document.
 Submission of the full project document to GEF implementing agency.
 Endorsement for financing of the full project by GEF implementing agency.
 Contact compost plant suppliers.
 Training of operators at compost plant suppliers.
 Tenderising for the erection of the plant.
 Bid evaluation and awarding.
 Procurement of the equipment.
 Importing, site clearing and erecting the plant.
 Set market outlets for compost selling.
 Licensing for production.
 Organise waste supply with the municipality on contractual bases.
 Operate the plant and marketing of the compost
Cost in US$ or local currency:
Financing of this project has two phases. Phase one is financing of consultancy
service and phase two is also financing of the full project. The total estimated cost
for hiring of consultant to prepare full project document is estimated at US$ 25
thousands.
12. Stakeholders involved in project:
The main actor for the implementation of the project is the Addis Ababa City
Government. Collaborating agencies are also the Environment Protection
Authority, Ministry of Agriculture, Ethiopian Fertiliser Agency, Local Communities,
Business People and Coffee and Tea Development Authority.

5. 13. Estimated full project budget (in US$ or local currency):
PDF: B
GEF: US$ 8.0 million
Co-financing: in kind Land (US$ 2.0 million)
TOTAL: US$ 10.0 million
INFORMATION ON INSTITUTION SUBMITTING PROJECT BRIEF
14. Information on project proposer:
Addis Ababa City Government, Addis Ababa Health Bureau
Contact: Tel : 251-1 153939
Fax: 251-1 515689
Email: aahb@telecom.net.et
15. Information on proposed executing agency (if different from above):
Out lines of the executing agency
Addis Ababa City Government is one of the chartered cities with its own 100% elected
Administration council. The City council of Addis Ababa is headed by a president
having 15 members of executive committee engaged in day to day activities and 198
council members. The Addis Ababa council is accountable to the house of people’s
representatives. Administratively, the city is divided in 28 warders and 328 kebeles. A
kebele is the lowest organ with a population that ranges from 7000 - 8000 dwellers.
The 1994 census revealed that the total population of Addis Ababa is 2.1 million
however, as to the current situation it is estimated to be about 2.7 million. The
population is projected to grow at 3.8 percent per annum.
There are also sectoral bureaux under the Addis Ababa City Government. The Addis
Ababa City Health Bureau is one of the several bureaux of the Addis Ababa City
Government.
The main aim and objectives of executing agency:
The Health Bureau has mainly aimed at providing health services in the city. It gives
the medical services through its 5 hospitals and 14 health centres and preventive
services through its 6 zonal health departments and 28 woreda health offices.
The main aim and objectives of the Health Bureau is mainly to:
- Increase health service facilities
- Control communicable diseases and epidemics
- Promote drug supply
- Provide sanitation service

6. - Provide technical support in the field of health service
- Facilitate private sector involvement in the health service
This project is also initiated in an eloquent and clear terms of combating the
environmental sanitation problems that urge proper and timely implementation through
strong co-operation and healthy working condition and enabling the Addis Ababa City
Government Health Bureau mainly towards waste management are:-
- To protect and minimise the environmental degradation
- To improve and enhance the health and quality of life of the dwellers
- To promote sustainable social and economic development through sound
management of environmental sanitation
- To sensitise the community based on the strategy of community
participation approach at the grass root level by ensuring the proper
storage, collection, transportation, safe treatment, disposal of solid waste,
capacity building and awareness creation.
16. Date of initial submission of project concept:
2001
INFORMATION TO BE COMPLETED BY IMPLEMENTING AGENCY:
17. Project linkage to Implementing Agency program(s):
Climate change
18. FINANCIAL PLAN OF FULL PROJECT
PROPOSED PROJECT DEVELOPMENT:
A PDF - B SUPPORT IS PROPOSED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FULL PROJECT.

7. CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION ACTION PLAN IN THE SOLID
WASTE SECTOR FOR ADDIS ABABA CITY, ETHIOPIA
Methane Gas Recovery from Addis Ababa City Landfill
Prepared By: Fikru Tessema
Addis Ababa Health Bureau
Office of Env’t Sanitation
October 2001
Addis Ababa
Ethiopia

8. PROJECT IDENTIFIERS
1. Project name:
Recovery of Methane Gas from Addis
Ababa City Landfill
2. GEF Implementing Agency:
United Nations Development Programme
(UNDP), UNEP, World Bank
3. Countries in which the project is being
implemented:
Ethiopia.
4. Country eligibility:
Ethiopia has ratified the UNFCCC in April
1994.
5. GEF focal area:
Climate change
6. Operational program/Short-term measure:
Recovery of landfill gas as a source of
energy.
7. Project linkage to national priorities, action plans, and programs (country
drivenness):
As signatory to the UNFCCC Ethiopia needs to identify and implement GHG
mitigation options which could contribute to the sustainable development of the
country and also the global effort in reducing GHG emissions.
Based on the current policy issues, the City Council of Addis Ababa also considers
its responsibility for the supply of electricity among issues requiring top priorities
and gives due attention to the environmental protection from pollution in the city
with the involvement of the private sector and community participation [5].
8. GEF national operational focal points and date of country endorsement:
National focal points/Endorsement Date: The Federal Democratic Republic of
Ethiopia Environmental Protection Authority.
PROJECT OBJECTIVES, OUT COMES AND ACTIVITIES

9. 9. Project rationale and long and short term objectives:
Project Rationale:
Addis Ababa, among the forefront growing cities of Ethiopia, has commenced its
municipal solid waste management services some three decades back with a small
number of resources. Currently, the collection efficiency is estimated to be reached
about 65% of the total waste generated in the City. In a study conducted in1995, the
organic component of the solid waste of Addis Ababa constitutes about 70% by weight.
In a study conducted in 2000, methane emissions from MSW account for 61% of the
total emissions of the waste sector and emissions of methane from Addis Ababa City
landfills account for about 18% of the total emissions of urban centres of Ethiopia. The
1994 baseline yearly emissions was 4650 tons with 14% yearly increment for the last
seven years. The SWM service is aimed at only disposing of all wastes to the landfill,
which incurs collection, transport and landfill management costs and enhance
greenhouse gas emissions. There is no any planned control or recovery method for
methane emission and planned leachate collection system and different treatment
methods through out the entire operation.
The measure to recover methane gas at landfill needs an immediate integrated action
to facilitate the installation of the landfill gas recovery facilities and improve the
prevailing environmental condition locally and globally. From the point of view of
energy source and environmental pollution control and resource recovery, landfill gas
recovery is very important. Implementing a project on landfill gas recovery will help to
generate income and establish environmentally sound and economically efficient
system in the energy sector. As a means to tackle this problem some models which
are being used and already tested, like WASTEPLAN will be utilised. Landfill gas
recovery a promising measure to supply methane gas as energy source and to
generate electricity for the residents of Addis Ababa City because the energy demand
in the city is very high.
Long and short term objectives:
Long term:
Methane emission from the Addis Ababa City landfill could be the major focus of
mitigation measures, because it presents the greatest opportunity in reducing
greenhouse gas emissions. In the long-term objectives to mitigate methane emission,
an approach, which is basically defined for the long-term plan is community based
scheme that will aim at source reduction to reduce waste goes to the landfill.
Short term:
For the purpose of climate change mitigation in reducing methane emission, the
promising approach, which is also basically defined in this project is landfill gas
recovery that will aim to supply methane gas as energy source and to generate
electricity by use of methane gas for the residents of Addis Ababa City.

10. 10.Expected outcomes of the Project :
The ultimate beneficiaries of the project are the citizens of the City and the energy
sectors who will benefit from the outputs of the project, i.e. from:
 Improvement in the environmental conditions through recovery of landfill
gas in environmentally friendly way and
 Increasing of low level of energy use.
The outputs of the project from its implementation will also include:
 Improvement of source of energy by substituting the use of wood as a
fuel and
 Protection from pollution and deterioration of the environment.
The project will also enhance:
 The capacity of the City Council in supplying more energy to residents
 Access employment for unemployed people.
11. Project activities to achieve outcomes (including cost in US$ or local currency of each
activity):
Project activities:
 Submission of project concept paper to GEF implementing agency.
 Endorsement and financing of the project concept
 Hiring of the consultant to prepare full project document.
 Submission of the full project document to GEF implementing agency.
 Endorsement for financing of the full project by GEF implementing agency.
 Contact landfill methane gas recovery plant suppliers.
 Training of operators at landfill methane gas recovery plant suppliers.
 Tenderising for the installation of the plant.
 Bid evaluation and awarding.
 Procurement of the equipment.
 Importing, site clearing and erecting the plant.
 Arrange connection to the electricity grid line
 Operate the plant
Cost in US$ or local currency:
Financing of this project has two phases. Phase one is financing of consultancy
service and phase two is also financing of the full project. The total estimated cost
for hiring of consultant to prepare full project document is estimated at US$ 25
thousands.
12. Stakeholders involved in project:
The main actor for the implementation of the project is the Addis Ababa City
Government. Collaborating agencies are also the Environment Protection
Authority, Ministry of Energy & Mine, Local Communities, Business People and
Ethiopian Electricity & Power Corporation.

11. 13. Estimated full project budget (in US$ or local currency):
PDF: B
GEF: US$ 2.41 million
Co-financing: in kind Land (US$ 1.0 million)
TOTAL: US$ 3.41 million
INFORMATION ON INSTITUTION SUBMITTING PROJECT BRIEF
14. Information on project proposer:
Addis Ababa City Government, Addis Ababa Health Bureau
Contact: Tel : 251-1 153939
Fax: 251-1 515689
Email: aahb@telecom.net.et
15. Information on proposed executing agency (if different from above):
Out lines of the executing agency
Addis Ababa City Government is one of the chartered cities with its own 100% elected
Administration council. The City council of Addis Ababa is headed by a president
having 15 members of executive committee engaged in day to day activities and 198
council members. The Addis Ababa council is accountable to the house of people’s
representatives. Administratively, the city is divided in 28 warders and 328 kebeles. A
kebele is the lowest organ with a population that ranges from 7000 - 8000 dwellers.
The 1994 census revealed that the total population of Addis Ababa is 2.1 million
however, as to the current situation it is estimated to be about 2.7 million. The
population is projected to grow at 3.8 percent per annum.
There are also sectoral bureaux under the Addis Ababa City Government. The Addis
Ababa City Health Bureau is one of the several bureaux of the Addis Ababa City
Government.
The main aim and objectives of executing agency:
The Health Bureau has mainly aimed at providing health services in the city. It gives
the medical services through its 5 hospitals and 14 health centres and preventive
services through its 6 zonal health departments and 28 woreda health offices.
The main aim and objectives of the Health Bureau is mainly to:
- Increase health service facilities
- Control communicable diseases and epidemics

12. - Promote drug supply
- Provide sanitation service
- Provide technical support in the field of health service
- Facilitate private sector involvement in the health service
This project is also initiated in an eloquent and clear terms of combating the
environmental sanitation problems that urge proper and timely implementation through
strong co-operation and healthy working condition and enabling the Addis Ababa City
Government Health Bureau mainly towards waste management are:-
- To protect and minimise the environmental degradation
- To improve and enhance the health and quality of life of the dwellers
- To promote sustainable social and economic development through sound
management of environmental sanitation
- To sensitise the community based on the strategy of community
participation approach at the grass root level by ensuring the proper
storage, collection, transportation, safe treatment, disposal of solid waste,
capacity building and awareness creation.
16. Date of initial submission of project concept:
2001
INFORMATION TO BE COMPLETED BY IMPLEMENTING AGENCY:
17. Project linkage to Implementing Agency program(s):
Climate change
18. FINANCIAL PLAN OF FULL PROJECT
PROPOSED PROJECT DEVELOPMENT:
A PDF - B SUPPORT IS PROPOSED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FULL PROJECT.