A Professional Education Subject (The Teaching Profession)

1. “◍ Essentialism
◍ Progressivism
◍ Existentialism
◍ Social Reconstructionism
PHILOSOPHIES OF EDUCATION

2. ESSENTIALIS
M

3. WHY TEACH?
◍ This philosophy contends that teachers
teach for learners to acquire basic
knowledge, skills and values.
◍ Teachers teach “not to radically shape
society but rather to transmit the
traditional moral values and intellectual
knowledge that students need to become
model citizen”.

4. WHAT TO TEACH?
◍ Essentialist program are academically
rigorous. The emphasis is on the
academic content for student to learn the
basic skill or the fundamental R’s.
◍ Essentialist includes the “traditional
discipline such as science, math, natural
science, history, foreign language and
literature.

5. WHAT TO TEACH?
◍ Essentialist frown about upon vocational
courses or other courses with watered down
Academic content.
◍ The teachers and administrators decide what
is most important for the students to learn
and place little emphasis on student
interests, particularly when they divert time
and attention from the “academic curriculum”.

6. HOW TO TEACH?
◍ Essentialist teachers emphasize mastery of
subject matter.
 They are expected to be intellectual and moral
models of their students.
 They are seen as “fountain” of information and
as “paragon of virtue”.
◍ If ever there is any such a person, to gain mastery
of basic skills, teachers have to observe “core
requirements, longer school day, a longer academic
year”.

7. ROLES OF TEACHER
◍ The teacher is the center of the classroom,
so they should be rigid and disciplinary.
◍ The teacher must interpret essentials of the
learning process, take leadership position
and set the tone of the classroom.
◍ The teacher must control the students with
distributions of rewards and penalties.

8. ROLES OF THE STUDENT
◍ Students should be passive and
be ready to learn what the teacher
presents to them.
◍ The students must listen and
learn.
◍ Trust that the teacher knows best.

9. PROGRESSIVI
SM

10. WHY TEACH?
◍ Progressivism teachers teach to
develop learners into becoming
enlighten and intelligent citizens of a
democratic society.
◍ This group of teachers teaches
learners so they may live life fully
now and to prepare them for adult life.

11. WHAT TO TEACH?
◍ Progressivists are identified with need-
based and relevant curriculum.
◍ Progressivists accept the impermanence of
life and inevitability of change.
◍ Progressivists teachers are more
concerned with teaching facts or bits of
information that are true today but become
absolete tommorow

12. WHAT TO TEACH?
◍ They would rather focus their teaching on the
teaching of skills or processes in gathering and
evaluating information and in problem solving.
◍ The subject that are given emphasis in
progressivists schools are the ‘natural and social
sciences”.
◍ Teachers exposed students to many new scientific,
technological, and social development, reflecting
the progressivists option that progress and change
are fundamental.

13. ROLES OF THE TEACHER
◍ The role of the teacher is to guide their
students through the lessons.
◍ The role of the teacher is to keep order.
The teacher must make sure that students
are on task, have the supplies needed to
do their work and take turns speaking
when a class discussion is taking place.

14. ROLES OF THE STUDENT
◍ The role of the student is to learn and
improve themselves.
◍ The students need to be willing to learn in
order to learn.
◍ They must give it their best and ask
questions to better understanding of how
and why things work.

15. EXISTENTIALI
SM

16. WHY TEACH?
◍ The main concern of existentialists is “to help
students understand and appreciate themselves
as unique individuals who accept complete
responsibility for their thoughts, feelings, and
actions”.
◍ The existentialists role is to help students define
their own essense by exposing them the various
paths they take in life and by creating an
environment in which they freely choose their
own preferred way.

17. WHAT TO TEACH?
◍ In a existentialist curriculum, students are
given a wide variety of options from which
to choose.
◍ The humanities, however are given
tremendous emphasis to “provide students
with vicarious experiences that will help
unleash their own creativity and self
expression.

18. HOW TO TEACH?
◍ Existentialist methods focus on
the individual.
◍ To help students know
themselves and their place in
society, teachers employ values
clarification strategy.

19. ROLES OF THE TEACHER
◍ The teacher is there to provide pathways for
students to explore their own values,
meanings and choices.
◍ The teachers primary responsibility is to
provide all these things, and to maintain a
learning environment where students feel
encouraged to express themselves through
discussion, creative projects, and choice of
study areas.

20. ROLES OF THE STUDENT
◍ The role of the student is to determine their own
values and identity.
◍ The existentialist students maintains a dialogue
between the self and cultural values: considering
the self in cultural context, and considering
cultural values in relation to the self.
◍ The student is free to form and pursue their
values, but that freedom comes includes taking
full responsibility for those values.

21. SOCIAL
RECONSTRUCTIVI
SM

22. SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTIVISM
◍ It is an educational philosophy that views schools
as tools to solve social problems.
◍ Reconstructionist not only aim to educate a
generation of problem solvers, but also try to
identify and correct many noteworthy social
problems that face our nation .
◍ Rather than a philosophy of education,
reconstructionist may be referred to as more of a
remedy for a society that seeks to build a more
objective social order.

23. SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTIVISM
◍ Dare the School Build a New Social Order in
1932
 George Counts
 He called on teachers to educate students to
prepare them for the social changes that
would accompany heightened participation in
science, technology, and other fields of
learning, without compromising their cultural
education.

24. ROLES OF THE TEACHER
◍ A teacher who involved the
students in discussions of
moral dilemmas to
understand the implications
of one's action.

25. ROLES OF THE STUDENT
◍ The role of the student is to be an active
participant.
◍ Students are encouraged to think critically about
the world in which they love in and how it can be
changed for the better.
◍ Students learn how to be problem solvers and
decision makers.
◍ Reconstructivism encourages social activism
among it's students.