Ppt presentation for the classroom about the study of the Industrial Revolution as subject in the secondary school. 4º ESO G&H

1. UNIT 3
THE ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIALISATION

2. 1903
Aeroplane
(Wright
brothers)
1886
Combustion
engine
(Daimler)
1848
Marx’s
Communist
Manifesto
1832
McCormick’s
mechanised
reaper
1839
Photo
1876
Telephone
(Bell) /
Refrigerator
(Tellier)
1814
Stephenson’s
railway
1785
Cartwright’s
mechanical
loom
TIMELINE
1769
Watt’s
steam
machine
Adam Smith:
The Wealth
of Nations
1807
First steam
boats
(Fulton)
1770 1780 1800 19001810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 18901810
1825
First trade
unions
1837
Telgraph
(Morse)
1881
Electric
lamp
(Edison)
1889
Aspirin
(Hoffmann)
1859
Darwing’s
Origin of
Species
1864
First
International

3. 3. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRY
• It started with the handcrafted production
•Changes produced with the industrial revolutions:
STAGE CHARACTERISTICS ENERGY SOURCES
1st Industial revolution (end of
XVIII century – end of XIX century)
Technology:vapour machine
- woolfor cotton substitution
- Steelproduction and iron smelting in
blast furnaces
- Increase in the number of industrial
workers
- Railway developmentand steam
navigation
- Coal
2nd Industial revolution (end of
XIX century – 2º/3 of XX century)
Technology:electric motor and
combustion engine
- Assembly line
- Bigger companies (multinationals)
- Electricity
- Petroleum
3rd Industial revolution (from the
2º/3 of XX century)
Technology:robotics, electronics,
biotechnology,information technology
- Nuclear
- Renewable energy

4. WHAT OTHER REVOLUTION IS THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION USUALLY COMPARED
WITH? WHAT WERE THE CHANGES THAT EACH OF THE REVOLUTIONS BROUGHT
ABOUT?

5. WHAT WERE THE
FACTORS OR
DRIVING FORCES
THAT MADE THE
INDUSTRIAL REV.
POSSIBLE IN GREAT
BRITAIN?

6. THE SUEZ CANAL
WHY WAS THE SUEZ CANAL IMPORTANT FOR THE BRITISH ECONOMY?

7. BOURGEOISIE
WHICH SOCIAL CLASS HAD A LOT OF INFLUENCE IN THE BRITISHPOLITICAL SYSTEM
AT THE TIME?

8. WHICH WERE THE SERIES OF PARALLEL REVOLUTIONS THAT TRIGGERED
INDUSTRIALISATION?EXPLAIN WHAT EACH OF THEM LED TO.
• Agricultural => increase in food production
• Demographic => increase in population
• Technological => new machinery and energy resources for industry
• Transport and trade => bigger markets
• Financial => new systems for financing companies and facilitating
payments

9. THE BIRTH OF INDUSTRY WAS LINKED TO 3 FACTORS: THE FACTORY SYSTEM,
MECHANISATION AND THE USE OF ENERGY SOURCES. FILL IN THE TABLE.
Before the
Industrial Rev.
During the
Industrial Rev.
Mechanisation Manual production Use of machines
Energy sources Human, animal,
wind and water
Hydropower and
steam power
Factory system Low productivity High productivity

10. NAME THE CHANGES THAT CAUSED AN INCREASE IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION

11. NAME THE CHANGES THAT CAUSED AN INCREASE IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION

12. THE NORFOLK SYSTEM
NAME THE CHANGES THAT CAUSED AN INCREASE IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION

13. NEW MACHINES
NAME THE CHANGES THAT CAUSED AN INCREASE IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION

14. • LANDOWNERS WANTED TO INCREASE PRODUCTION BY
INTRODUCING NEW TECHNIQUES AND THEN SELL EVERYTHING
IN THE MARKET. BY ENCLOSING THE FIELDS, THEY PREVENTED
FARMERS FROM GETTING FOOD.
PARLIAMENT WAS CONTROLLED BY THE LANDOWNERS
(GENTRY AND BOURGEOISIE), THUS BENEFITING THE MOST.
WHY DID LANDOWNERS DECIDE TO START CONTROLLING COMMON LAND AND ENCLOSE
THEIR PROPERTY? WHY DID THE BRITISH PARLIAMENT LEGALISE THIS PROCESS? WHICH
SOCIAL CLASSES BENEFITED MOST FROM THIS PROCESS?

15. THEY LOST THEIR WAY OF LIFE. MOST OF THEM DECIDED TO
MIGRATE TO THE CITIES, TO WORK IN FACTORIES.
POOR FARMERS WEREN´T HAPPY AT ALL WITH THE ENCLOSURE ACTS. WHY? WHAT DID
MANY OF THEM DECIDE TO DO WITH THEIR LIVES AS A RESULT?

16. THE NORFOLK SYSTEM
WHY DOES THE NORFOLK SYSTEM HAVE AN ADVANTAGE OVER THE THREE-FIELD
SYSTEM?

17. NEW MACHINES
EXPLAIN WHAT IMPROVED THANKS TO A) THE JETHRO TULL METHOD, B)THE
ROTHERHAM PLOUGH AND C) THE STEAM ENGINE

18. POTATO
CORN
WHAT NEW CROPS WERE INTRODUCED AT THIS TIME?

19. THE STEAM ENGINE
WHO INVENTED THE STEAM ENGINE? HOW DID JAMES WATT CONTRIBUTE TO ITS
COMPLETION? WHAT WAS THE STEAM ENGINE USED FOR?

20. USE OF STEAM ENGINE IN INDUSTRY

21. WHERE WAS THE FIRST RAIL NETWORKS LOCATED? WHY?

22. WHAT MEANS OF TRANSPORT DID THE RAILWAY REPLACE? WHAT ADVANTAGESDID THE
RAILROAD HAVE OVER OTHER MEANS OF LAND TRANSPORT?

25. WHAT ECONOMIC SECTOR BENEFITED FROM THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY?

26. THE TEXTILE AND
IRON INDUSTRY
IN BRITAIN
WHICH TWO INDUSTRIES CONTRIBUTEDMOST TO THE INDUSTRIALISATION OF GREAT
BRITAIN?

27. COAL INDUSTRY IN BRITAIN

28. WHY WAS THE USE OF COTTON SO WIDESPREAD IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY?

29. EXPLAIN WHAT IMPROVED THANKS TO A) JOHN KAY´S FLYING SHUTTLE, B) SPINNING
MACHINESAND, C) CARTWRIGHT´S POWER LOOM

31. FILL IN THE TABLE:
Iron Coal Steel
Uses Ships,
munitions,
machines
and tools
Energy Constructing
machinery, tools,
buildings, public
works

32. MAKE A CHART TO SHOW WHAT EFFECTS EACH OF THESE LED TO: INCREASE IN
AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION, THE STEAM ENGINE, MARKET
ECONOMY, IMPROVED TRANSPORT.
• The steam engine helped increase agricultural and industrial
production
• All these products, thanks to improvements in transport, led to a
market economy.

33. ORGANISE THE FOLLOWING PHENOMENA LISTED INTO THE PROPER HISTORICAL
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS:
• Population growth
• Agrarian society
• Increase in food supply and better
nutrition
• Industrialisation
• Urban growth
• Industrial and urban society
• End of famines
• Agrarian society
• End of famines
• Increase in food supply and better
nutrition
• Population growth
• Industrialisation
• Urban growth
• Industrial and urban society

34. POPULATION
GROWTH IN
BRITAIN
WHY DID INDUSTRIALISATIONCAUSE CITIES TO GROW?

35. POPULATION GROWTH

36. URBAN DEVELOPMENT

37. PISARRO: POSH DISTRICT (BOURGEOISIE)
DORÉ: WORKING CLASS DISTRICT.
WHAT PART OF TOWN DID CAMILLE PISSARRO USE TO DEPICT IN HIS PAINTINGS? AND
GUSTAVE DORÉ?

38. INDUSTRIALISATION OF EUROPE

40. INDUSTRIALISATION OF EUROPE BY 1850

41. SOCIAL MOVEMENTS IN THE
19TH CENTURY

42. NEW SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
1) Worker
associations (set up
to fight bad labour
conditions)
Luddites
Relief societies
PAGE 62
Inequalities caused by the industrial system led to social unrest and protest:
 Early 19th century in Britain
 Textile workers
 Form of protest: destruction of
machinery…why?___
 Brutally suppresed
 Help for workers in case of illness or
unemplyment
 First strikes
 Contingency funds for emergencies

43. NEW SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
1) Workers’
associations (set up
to fight bad labour
conditions)
First oficial TRADE UNIONS
First nationwide trade unions
PAGE 62
Inequalities caused by the industrial system led to social unrest and protest:
 1824
 Joint action of workers from same
industry
 1834
 Workers from different industries
 Goals:
 1. Right of association
 2. Reduction of working hours
 3. Higher salaries
 4. Regulation of child labour

44. WHY DID SOCIAL MOVEMENTS START OFF?

45. WHY DID SOCIAL MOVEMENTS START OFF?

46. WHY DID SOCIAL MOVEMENTS START OFF?

47. WHY DID SOCIAL MOVEMENTS START OFF?

48. WHY DID SOCIAL MOVEMENTS START OFF?

49. WHAT WAS DONE TO TRY TO STOP THE
INEQUALITIES?

50. THE LUDDITES

51. BIRTH OF TRADE UNIONS. 1820S

52. 1834
2009

53. NEW SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
2) Social solutions
according to ideology
A. Opposition to
industrial capitalist
conditions led to:
B. Solutions
PAGE 62
Inequalities caused by the industrial system led to social unrest and protest:
1. Critique of “capitalism” (it causes inequalities)
2. Proposals of new models of social organisation
 UTOPIAN SOCIALIST
 MARXISM and ANARCHISM
 CATHOLIC SOCIAL IDEAS
Analysis: private ownership as main cause of
inequalities
Solution: collective ownership
Analysis: capitalism is the problem. Only
benefit the wealthy
Solutions: - Revolution to end capitalism
- Collective ownership
- Classless society based on
cooperation
Condems BOTHS: capitalism & socialism
In favour of improving conditions and laws

54. UTOPIAN SOCIALISTS

56. NEW SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
3) Impact of
anarchism and
marxism on
workers’ movement
Proletariat internationalism (need of workers around the world
to unite)
1864. First international
1876. Split between anarchist and socialist
1889. Second international.
Symbolsof working movement:
a) Anthem “the internationale”
b) 1st of May
PAGE 63
Inequalities caused by the industrial system led to social unrest and protest:
 Marxist
 Anarchist
 Trade Unions

57. INTERNATIONAL WORKERS´ DAY
1st May 1886. Chicago

58. ANTHEM OF THE WOKERS SINCE THE SECOND
INTERNATIONAL (1889)

59. NEW SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
ANARCHISM
Starting point: NO participation in politics
How to destroy the capitalist system
2 types:
I. Individual anarchism
II. Social anarchism
Main thinkers
PAGE 63
Inequalities caused by the industrial system led to social unrest and protest:
1. General strike
2. Revolution
3. Destruction of the State
4. Egalitarian society
Bakunin
kropotkin

60. ANARCHISM

61. NEW SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
MARXISM
Starting point: participation of workers in politics to avoid exploitation
How to destroy the capitalist system
Main thinkers
PAGE 63
Inequalities caused by the industrial system led to social unrest and protest:
1. Revolution
2. Destruction of private property
3. Communist society with no state or
social classes
Karl Marx
Friedrich Engels
Lenin

62. MARXISM

63. MARXISM

64. MARXISM

65. Fco.JavierMontañoFdez.
Geography and History teacher