The use of alternative energy is inevitable as fossil fuels are finite. One of the alternative energy is biomass energy. This energy sure have to potential to support local supply through the treatment of waste. So let's go for the biomass for better and cleaner environment.鹿

1. Presented by:
Name : Mohamad Farhan bin Mohamad Nor
Azim
Matrix No : 2016238464
Class : EMD7M16
Lecturer’s Name: Ir. Dr. Bulan
Faculty Of Mechanical
Engineering

2. Introduction
On September 2015, 193 countries were met at the United Nations (UN) to adopt new global goals. These 17
goals provide a road map that will help the world to achieve Sustainable Development.
What exactly is Sustainable Development? How does it affect us? Sustainable Development is development
that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their
own needs.
Understanding Sustainable Development

3. Sustainable Development is about the big picture. It is about improving the lives of everyone everywhere
and achieving all these things together.
Decent works and Economic growth Quality Education
Climate action

4. Introduction
Biomass is known as the original renewable energy. It has been part of our lives since our ancestors
learn to control fire. In fact, it is made possible by the sun whose energy is absorbed by trees and
plants through photosynthesis, and then released when organic matter is burned or decomposes. The
waste is burned to heat water, the hot water creates steam. The pressure of the steam spins a
turbine, the turbine powers generator thus creates electricity.
What is Biomass ?

5. Biomass is primarily found in the form of living or recently living plants as well as wastes.
The term feedstock is used to refer to whatever type of organic material will be used to
produce energy. Different feedstocks will have different compositions but generally all
feedstocks include varying amounts of carbon, water and organic volatiles for energy
production. A feedstock must be converted using one of many processes.
Feedstocks or Wastes

6. Biomass Conversion Process
1. Combustion
The process where feedstock is burned in the presence of air to release heat.
2. Gasification
The process of using heat pressure and partial combustion to convert the feedstock into a combustible gas mixture
called syngas. The syngas can then be used in place of natural gas for heating, electricity and other uses.

7. 3. Anaerobic digestion / Bio digestion
Bacteria breaks down organic material in the absence of air to create biogas, which can be captured and burned to
produce energy. The remaining by-product is called digestate and makes a great fertilizer.
4. Pyrolysis
The process of heating feedstock at high temperatures in the absence of oxygen. The organic material does not
combust since no oxygen is present. Instead, the chemical compounds decompose into three forms. First is liquid
called bio oil followed by solid called bio char and the syngas.

8. 5. Fermentation
The process of converting a plant’s glucose into an alcohol called ethanol through the use of yeast. The ethanol is a
liquid fuel that can be used as an automotive fuel.

9. Summary of Biomass Conversion Process

10. Effect
1. Social Cultural
i. Creating more jobs on for biomass field.
ii. At the power plant, the task of each employees is balanced as the biomass supported over 489,880 jobs.
iii. The tendency of people to consume land as a farmland rather than a purpose for food production.
iv. Have a possibilities to lead to food crisis due to lack of food production as the people are too focusing on
biomass conversion process.

11. Effect
2. Environmental
i. Biomass had contributed to electricity and heat production therefore have the credibility as the
alternative to replace fossil fuels.
ii. Biomass is more efficient than traditional rendering and doesn’t contribute to global warming if it is
conducted carefully and wisely.
iii. Due to high demand such as animal waste, there was a rising number beef cattle production that could
led to global warming gasses to the environment.
iv. Deforestation and uncontrolled open fire for biomass purpose could lead to global warming.
v. Since animal meat is also one of biomass sources, massive animal killing had occurred in several
countries.

12. Effect
3. Political
i. Degradation on dependency on imported oil hence the countries don’t have to rely on foreign bio fuels as they
can their own one since the sources of it are easy to obtained.
ii. The inventing of biomass technology could contribute more jobs. There was a research stated that biomass
technology could open jobs twenty times more than coal and oil fields.
iii. The applying of biomass energy also contributed to the development of rural area thus creating income
opportunities.
iv. The imported and exported of biomass energy product such as bio fuels and the syngas could create a good
political relationship between countries.
v. Since biomass energy is not as much as fossil fuel does, it take much too much energy and resources of the
country.
vi. Biomass technology is still new to the worldwide. Therefore the collection is difficult and expensive especially
when dealing with human and animal wastes. This could lead to argument among politicians whether it is worth
with the cost.

13. Overall Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages
i. Biomass energy could lead to less demand on fossil fuels.
ii. Cheaper than fossil fuels since it is a renewable energy.
iii. Biomass is more environmentally friendly.
iv. The availability of biomass fuels is universal.
v. The alcohol fuels is are efficient and clean burning
Disadvantages
i. Cost of construction of biomass technology plant is high, so only rich people can use it.
ii. Continuous supply of biomass is required to generate biomass energy.
iii. Biomass technology requires space and produces dirty and unpleasant odors.

14. Challenges
1) Biomass now makes up only a small percentage of total world energy used due to least of awareness among
community regarding the potential of energy it could produce.
2) The use of biomass is highly contextual to the region which is used. Availability of resources and technology and
economic viability are all drivers of biomass use.
3) While some biomass processes such as waste energy are touted for their lower carbon dioxide emissions, some
processes such as combustion release carbon dioxide and particulate matter are significant concern for human
health.
4) Regarding solid and gaseous biomass, the current situation, consisting of different national legislations and private
initiatives, is creating uncertainty and sometimes makes trade more complicated.
5) One of the biggest problems developers face with biomass-fueled plants is the pre-processing and handling of the
fuel source. Biomass firing differs from coal firing in that it requires an additional air supply during the process due
to the increased mass of fuel to be combusted.

15. Suggestions/ Solutions
1) Biomass firing differs from coal firing in that it requires an additional air supply during the process due to the
increased mass of fuel to be combusted. To make sure that this is sustainable, effective risk mitigation is vital to
the correct air supply of the biomass fuel when in storage.
2) European Union or EU is wide harmonised and binding sustainability criteria for all biomass and targeting the origin
of biomass, regardless of its end use, is needed. These criteria should enable increased use of biomass while
minimising administrative burdens or related costs.
3) In proving the sustainability of forest biomass, a practical and transparent approach based on sustainable forest
management is a necessity such as legislation implementation.
4) New generation biomass power plant which is attracting interest from parties seeking green energy solutions
namely Siemens’ PCS7 control technology to help support a turnkey design and build power plant solution and
overcome the traditional challenges facing any power station development.

16. Potential Un-Ethical Problems
All be relevant issues associated with biomass such as :
1) Deforestation
2) Cropland degradation
3) Corruption and political argument
4) Urbanization and chancing the infra-structure of an area
5) Expansion of land usage for farming purpose rather than food provision and processing.
6) Massive logging and fuel wood in order for the continuity of the availability of the resources
7) Uncontrolled open fire that could unbalance the carbon cycle thus lead to bad consequences
such as haze and global warming

17. Solutions
1) Enhancing or creating awareness among community regarding the sustainable development of biomass
energy
2) Controlling the emission of carbon dioxide and alcohol from biomass combustion process by through control
engineering and administrative process.
3) Maintaining the balance of carbon cycle
4) Enhancing more research on how to maximizing the region biomass resources
5) Improving the collection system of waste to avoid any unpleasant issue such global warming gasses and
unwanted odour
6) Enhancing on more research and development on how to manage the biomass resources systematically
Do’s

18. Solutions
Don'ts
1) Practicing bribery in order to gain profits, get lower taxes and avoid the customs.
2) Violating the act, regulation and legislation such as that could ruin the sustainable forest
management.
3) Conducting the resources collection without proper procedure and engineering control
4) Encourage people to practicing inappropriate activities such as deforestation, open fire
and cropland degradation in the name of biomass.
5) Conducting a research without considering the after effect of it such as unbalance
carbon cycle
6) Reducing the area of forest plantation

20. References
1) Eldridge, M. (2017, January 12). Biomass risks: Evaluating burning issues. Retrieved November 9, 2018, from
https://www.jltspecialty.com/our-insights/thought-leadership/power/biomass-risks-evaluating-burning-issues
2) Siegel, R. (2017, July 04). Biomass Energy: Pros and Cons. Retrieved November 19, 2018, from
https://www.triplepundit.com/special/energy-options/biomass-energy-pros-cons/
3) Walton, R. (2016, August 15). The problem with biomass boilers . . . . is almost always the fuel. Retrieved November 21, 2018,
from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/problem-biomass-boilers-almost-always-fuel-richard-walton/
4) Biomass – A Burning Issue in 2016. (2016, June 08). Retrieved November 21, 2018, from https://www.euroheat.org/news/biomass-
burning-issue-2016/
5) Biomass: Overcoming the inherent problems. (2013, February 21). Retrieved November 21, 2018, from
https://www.engineerlive.com/content/24311
6) Social Background on Bioenergy Uses. (2015). Retrieved November 21, 2018, from
http://english.moil.co.jp/business/background.html
7) Timber, H. (2016, April 18). How Biomass works. Retrieved November 21, 2018, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-
jln6yi7LF0&t=98s
8) Hobbelink, H. (2017, November 17). How global finance fuels a secretive and unethical land grab in Africa. Retrieved December 9,
2011, from https://theecologist.org/2011/dec/09/how-global-finance-fuels-secretive-and-unethical-land-grab-africa