Animation refers to creating the illusion of motion by displaying a sequence of images that minimally differ from each other. Traditional animation involves drawing each frame by hand, while stop-motion uses physical objects manipulated and photographed frame-by-frame. Computer animation uses 3D modeling and software to generate animated images. Notable early animation devices included the phenakistoscope, zoetrope, and praxinoscope. Modern animation includes both 2D and 3D techniques across film, television, and other media. The future of animation will rely increasingly on advanced technologies and generate large amounts of data.

1. Animation
“Timeline”
Submitted by :- Mohd Faisal
Ahmed

2. Contents:-

3. What is Animation ?
 Animation refers to the creation of a sequence
of images—drawn, painted, or produced by other
artistic methods—that change over time to
portray the illusion of motion.
OR
 Animation is the process of creating motion and
shape change illusion by means of the rapid
display of a sequence of static images that
minimally differ from each other.

4. Example of Animation:-
On moving frames
With a rate of
12 frames/sec
We get animation
like this…
On moving frames
With a rate of
1 frames in 0.7sec
We get animation
like this…

5. History Of Animation:-
Evidence of artistic interest in depicting figures in motion can be seen in
art as early as Paleolithic cave paintings.
Another example is a 5,200-year old pottery bowl discovered in Shahr-e
Sukhteh, Iran.
Sequence of images that minimally differ from each other - from the site of
the Burnt City in Iran, late half of 3rd millennium B.C.
An Egyptian
mural approximately 4000
years old, found in a tomb
features a very long
series of images that
apparently depict the
sequence of events in
a wrestling
1.
2.
3.

6. Animation Before Film:-
Numerous devices that successfully displayed animated images were
introduced well before the advent of the motion picture. The majority of
these devices didn't project their images, and accordingly could only be
viewed by a single person at any one time.
The magic lantern is an early
predecessor of the modern
day projector. It consisted of
a translucent oil painting, a
simple lens and a candle or
oil lamp.
The origin of the magic
lantern is debated.
1. The Magic Lantern (1650)
2. In 1824 Peter Mark Roget, who did research in physiology at the
University of London, published "Persistence of Vision with Regard to Moving
Objects."

7. 3. Thaumatrope (1824)
A thaumatrope is a simple toy that was
popular in the 19th century. It is a small
disk with different pictures on each side,
and is attached to two pieces of string.
When the strings are twirled quickly
between the fingers, the pictures appear
to combine into a single image.
4. Phenakistoscope (1831)
The phenakistoscope was an early
animation device. It consists of a disk
with a series of images, drawn on
radii evenly spaced around the
center of the disk.As the
phenakistoscope spins, a viewer
looks through the slots at the
reflection of the drawings, are
momentarily visible when a slot
passes by the viewer's eye.

8. 5. Zoetrope (1834)
It operates on the same principle as the
phenakistoscope. It was a cylindrical spinning
device with several frames of animation printed on
a paper strip placed around the interior
circumference. The observer looks through vertical
slits around the sides to view the moving images on
the opposite side as the cylinder spins.
6. Flip book (1868)
A flip book is a small book with relatively springy
pages, each having one in a series of animation
images located near its unbound edge. The user
bends all of the pages back, normally with the
thumb, then by a gradual motion of the hand
allows them to spring free one at a time.
7. Praxinoscope (1877)
The praxinoscope was an animation device, the
successor to the zoetrope. It was invented in
France in 1877. The praxinoscope improved on
the zoetrope by replacing its narrow viewing slits
with an inner circle of mirrors.

9. Modern Techniques:-
Traditional animation (also called cel
animation or hand-drawn animation)
was the process used for most
animated films of the 20th century. The
individual frames of a traditionally
animated film are photographs of
drawings, first drawn on paper. To
create the illusion of movement, each
drawing differs slightly from the one
before it.
(MOVIE) (YEAR)
Snow White and the Seven
Dwarfs
1937
Cinderella 1950
Alice in wonderland 1951
The Jungle Book 1967
The Little Mermaid 1989
Aladdin 1992
The Lion King 1994
List of some animated movies in which
traditional animation is used :-

10. Stop-motion animation is used to
describe animation created by
physically manipulating real-world
objects and photographing them one
frame of film at a time to create the
illusion of movement. There are many
different types of stop-motion
animation, usually named after the
medium used to create the
animation.It has many types which are
as follows:-
1. Puppet animation
2. Clay animation
3. Model animation
4. Cutout animation
5. Object animation
MOVIE TYPE YEAR
The New Gulliver Puppet 1935
Handling Ships Puppet 1945
The Peacock
Princess
Puppet 1964
The Little Witch Cutout 1983
Chicken Run Clay/Pu
ppet
2000
Winter Days cutout 2003
Klay world:off
the table
Clay 2005
Paranorman Puppet 2012
Worms Puppet 2013
List of some animated movies in
which stop motion animation is
used:-

11. Computer animation, or CGI animation, is the process used for generating animated
images by using computer graphics. The more general term computer-generated
imagery encompasses both static scenes and dynamic images while computer
animation only refers to moving images. Computer animation is essentially a digital
successor to the stop motion techniques used in traditional animation with 3D models
and frame-by-frame animation of 2D illustrations.Basically it has two main parts.
1). 2-D animation 2). 3-D animation.
2D animation techniques tend to focus on image manipulation while 3D techniques
usually build virtual worlds in which characters and objects move and interact.
Realism in computer animation can mean making each frame look photorealistic, in the
sense that the scene is rendered to resemble a photograph, or to making the animation
of characters believable and lifelike.
Media notable for realistic human characters:-
1. Final Fantasy
2. The Adventures of Tintin
3. Beyond: Two Souls
4. Beowulf

12. Movies:-
CGI short films have been produced as independent animation since 1976,
although the popularity of computer animation (especially in the field
of special effects) skyrocketed during the modern era of U.S. animation. The
first completely computer-animated television series was ReBoot in 1994, and
the first completely computer-animated movie was Toy Story (1995)
Notable computer animation studios :-
Toy Story
The
Incredible
Finding
Nemo
WALL-E
Chicken
Little
Bolt
Tangled
Frozen
Shrek
Kung Fu
Panda
Megamind
Turbo
Madagscar
ICE AGE
Robots
RIO
Epic
Despicable
me
Hop

13. Animatronics refers to the use of robotic devices to emulate a human or an
animal, or bring lifelike characteristics to an otherwise inanimate object.
Animatronics has been developed as a career which combines areas
of mechanical engineering, casting/sculpting, control technologies,
electrical/electronic, radio control and airbrushing.
Students of Bachelors in robotics complete courses in:
 Mechanical engineering
 Industrial robotics
 Mechatronics systems
 Modelling of robotics systems
 Robotics engineering
 Foundational theory of robotics
 Introduction to robotics
Audio-Animatronic
version of U.S.
President Abraham
Lincoln.

14. Jaws (1975)
The trio of mechanical sharks used in "Jaws" —
largely plastic, 3,000-lbs. models collectively
named "Bruce" after director Steven Spielberg's
lawyer — terrified filmgoers the world over.
Jurassic Park
Dinosaurs appeared to roam the world
once more with "Jurassic Park." Real-life
paleontologist Jack Horner supervised the
designs of the ancient reptiles.
King Kong
The 1976 version of "King Kong" famously
employed a mechanical ape that stood
40-feet tall and weighed roughly 13,000
pounds. The robotic beast required 3,100
feet of hydraulic hose and 4,500 feet of
electrical wiring to build, and it required 20
technicians to operate.

15. conclusion:-
The next generation of film animation will rely more heavily on technology and
data processing than ever before.
Film animation technology has come a long way since the early days of hand-
drawn cartoons. The techniques used by animators to bring characters to life
have improved dramatically over the years, and unlike traditional animation,
which made its debut in 1906 and created the illusion of movement through
frame-by-frame manipulation of drawings and illustrations, most animators
today use computers to generate three-dimensional images.
In the future, the amount of data generated during the creation, distribution
and reception of animated films is only going to grow. Films will move from HD
to Ultra-HD (4K) resolution, resulting in a multiplication of the amount of
performance needed for rendering, and the amount of capacity needed for
storage.
The spread of new animation techniques – like motion capture, which involves
tracking the movement of objects and people to create more life-like
characters – will also inevitably contribute to the data avalanche.

16. Animation with 3-D printings:-
The introduction of 3D printing in animation will bring revolution in animation
world.It will save time, reduces the effort,increase the accuracy and finishing
of different models will increase, and we can create a lot of frames of a
particular sequence. The technology has already been employed by
animation giants such as DreamWorks and some time ago a young cinema
student found that 3D printing allowed him to create a full short with limited
economic means.