The presentation discusses body area networks (BANs), which are wireless networks of wearable devices that communicate data about the human body. BANs include sensors that can monitor vital signs and actuators that provide feedback or treatment. Common applications of BANs in healthcare include monitoring heart function, diabetes, and movement disorders. The presentation covers the hardware and software architecture of BANs, challenges around security and privacy, and the potential for BANs to improve healthcare through continuous remote patient monitoring.

1. Presented By
Faheema Monica (莫妮卡)
ID - s20141501
University of Science & Technology, Beijing

2. • 1. Introduction to Body Area Network
(BAN)
• 2. History and Development of BAN
• 3. Architecture of BAN
• 4. Applications in Healthcare
• 5. Challenges associated with BAN
• 6. Conclusion

3.  A body area network (BAN) is a network that
includes a collection of wearable devices. It is
a specific type of wireless network with a very
particular use and scope
 A Body Area Network is formally defined by
IEEE 802.15 as, "a communication standard
optimized for low power devices and operation
on, in or around the human body (but not
limited to humans) to serve a variety of
applications including medical, consumer
electronics / personal entertainment and
other" [IEEE 802.15]

4. Sensors used in MBAN
are classified by two
main categories:
 A wearable BAN
-for physiological
monitoring
 An implantable BAN-
diabetes
management, drug
delivery through a
micro-pump or
micro-port, insulin.
Figure 1: MBAN sensors

5.  Professor Guang Zhong Yang was the first person to formally
define the phrase "Body Sensor Network" (BSN) with
publication of his book Body Sensor Networks in 2006.
 Some of the common use cases for BAN technology are:
• Body Sensor Networks (BSN)
• Sports and Fitness Monitoring
• Wireless Audio
• Mobile Device Integration
• Personal Video Devices
Prof Guang Zhong Yang,
Director, The Hamlyn Centre
Imperial College London.UK.

6. 1000 mW500 mW100 mW50 mW10 mW
1 Gbit/s
100 kbit/s
1 Mbit/s
10 Mbit/s
100 Mbit/s
1 kbit/s
10 kbit/s
Wireless USB
IEEE 802.11 a/b/g
Bluetooth
ZigBee
200 mW20 mW5 mW2 mW
Figure 2: Data rate vs Power

7.  Hardware Architecture
 Software Architecture
Hardware Architecture of BAN
 Devices used:
 Sensor node
 Actuator node
 Personal device

8.  Sensor Node:
 Gathers data on physical stimuli, processes the
data if necessary and reports this information
wirelessly. Consists of several components:
 Sensor hardware
 A power unit
 A processor, memory and
 A transmitter or transceiver.
Eg : i Rhythm

9.  Actuator Node:
 Acts according to data received from sensors /
through interaction with the user.
 Components similar to sensors:
 Actuator hardware (e.g. hardware for medicine
administration, including a reservoir to hold the
medicine)
 A power unit, a processor, memory and
 A receiver or transceiver

10.  Personal Device:
 Gathers all the information acquired by the sensors
and actuators
 Informs User (i.e. the patient, a nurse, a doc etc.) via
an external gateway, an actuator or a display/LEDS on
the device.
 Components:
 A power unit, a (large) processor, memory and a transceiver.
 Also called a Body Control Unit (BCU) , body gateway
or a sink.
 E.g.: PDA

11.  Software have a well-defined interface to
integrate hardware and application programs.
 Software include three levels:
1. Firmware,
2. OS And
3. Application Software Stacks.
 OS can be Symbian OS, Android OS, Blackberry
OS, Windows mobile etc.

12.  Heart Failure (congestive)
 Heart Rhythm Management
 Bradycardia - beating too
fast
 Tachycardia - too slow
 Atrial Fibrillation or AFib -
irregularly.
 Hypertension
 Diabetes
 Parkinson’s Disease
 Epilepsy
 Mood detection /
Depression
 Pain Management
Applications in Healthcare:

13.  Pacemaker
 Implantable Cardioverter
Defibrillator (ICD)
 Spinal Actuators
 Insulin pump
 Continuous Glucose
Monitoring
 Deep brain stimulator
 External & Implantable
Hearing Aids - cochlear
implant
 Retina implants
 Muscular signal replacement

14. Figure 4: MobiHealth system, monitoring a patient outside the
hospital environment
Fig 3: TMSI Device “Mobi”

15.  Problems with the use of this technology could
include:
 Security:
 Interoperability:
 System devices:
 Invasion of privacy:
 Sensor validation:
 Data consistency:
 Interference:
 Data Management:

16.  This presentation demonstrates the use of Wearable and
implantable Wireless Body Area Networks as a key
infrastructure enabling unobtrusive, constant, and
ambulatory health monitoring.
 This new technology has potential to tender a wide
range of assistance to patients, medical personnel, and
society through continuous monitoring in the ambulatory
environment, early detection of abnormal conditions,
supervised restoration, and potential knowledge
discovery through data mining of all gathered
information.
 The role of Body sensor networks in medicine can be
further enlarged and we are expecting to have a
feasible and proactive prototype for wearable /
implantable WBAN system, which could improve the
quality of life.
Conclusion:

18.  U. Varshney, "Pervasive Healthcare and Wireless Health Monitoring,"
Mobile Networks and Applications, vol. 12, pp. 113-127, March 2007.
 Schmidt et al., "Body Area Network BAN--a key infrastructure element for
patient-centred medical applications, " Biomedizinische Technik.
Biomedical engineering 2002, p365-368
 L. Huaming and T. Jindong, "Body Sensor Network Based Context Aware
QRS Detection," in Pervasive Health Conference and Workshops, Innsbruck,
Austria, 2006, pp. 1-8.
 J. Luprano, J. Sola, S. Dasen, J. M. Koller, and O. Chelelat, "Combination of
Body Sensor Networks and On-body Signal Processing Algorithms: the
Practical Case of MyHeart Project," in International Workshop on Wearable
and Implantable Body Sensor Networks (BSN 2006), Cambridge, MA, USA,
2006.
 S. A. Taylor and H. Sharif, "Wearable Patient Monitoring Application (ECG)
using Wireless Sensor Networks," in 28th Annual International Conference
on the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, New York, NY,
USA, 2006, pp. 5977-5980.