Storage

CONFIDENTIAL MATERIAL / RESTRICTED ACCESSCONFIDENTIAL MATERIAL / RESTRICTED ACCESS Copyright 2016 FUJITSU LIMITED
Storage Basic Concepts
SAN Storage

CONFIDENTIAL MATERIAL / RESTRICTED ACCESSCONFIDENTIAL MATERIAL / RESTRICTED ACCESS
Objective
Copyright 2016 FUJITSU LIMITED1
 What is storage
 Types of Storage
 Storage Vendors
 Types of Disks
 RAID Technology
 SAN Switches & FC Cables
 Hardware parts
 Technical words
 What is Zoning

What is Storage?
Storage is the place where data is held in an electromagnetic or optical form for access
by a computer processor.
Computer understands Binary language (0 and 1). As such they store information
in that form as well.
1Bit = 0 or 1
8 Bits = 1 Byte
1024 Bytes = 1KB (Kilo Byte)
1024 KB = 1MB (Mega Byte)
1024 MB = 1GB (Giga Byte)
1024 GB = 1TB (Tera Byte)
1024 TB = 1PB (Peta Byte)
1024 PB = 1EB (Exa Byte)
1024 EB = 1ZB (Zetta Byte)
1024 ZB = 1YB (Yotta Byte)

CONFIDENTIAL MATERIAL / RESTRICTED ACCESSCONFIDENTIAL MATERIAL / RESTRICTED ACCESS 3 Copyright 2016 FUJITSU LIMITED
Types of Storage
DAS – Direct Attached Storage
NAS – Network Attached Storage
SAN – Storage Area Network

Direct Attached Storage:
DAS is digital storage that is
attached directly to a computer
or a server.
DAS Limitations:
• Difficult to Manage
• Poor Scalability
• Poor capacity utilization
• Limited Availability
DAS – Direct Attached Storage

NAS – Network Attached Storage
NAS (Network-attached storage):
It is file-level computer data storage
connected to a computer network
providing data access to
heterogeneous clients.
Advantages of NAS:
* High Availability
* Redundancy
* Scalability
Disadvantages:
* Performance of the NAS will
depend upon the amount of
bandwidth available.

SAN- Storage Area Network
Advantages of SAN:
* High Availability
* Redundancy
* Scalability
* High Performance
Disadvantages:
* Very Expensive
* Complex to manage
SAN (Storage Area Network):
It is a specialized, high speed network
that provides block-level network
access to storage

Storage Vendors
EMC
NetApp
IBM
HP
Hitachi
Fujitsu
Dell
Oracle
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
EMC Netapp HPE IBM Others

Types of Disks
• HDD
• ATA
• IDE
• SATA
• SCSI
• SSD
• FC

RAID Technology
RAID (Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disk) is a data storage virtualization technology that
combines multiple physical disk drive components into a single logical unit for the purposes of data
redundancy, performance improvement, or both.
Types of RAID:
RAID 0 – striping
RAID 1 – mirroring
RAID 5 – striping with parity
RAID 6 – striping with double parity
RAID 10 – combining mirroring and striping

SAN Switches & Fiber Channel
SAN Switch: It is device that connects servers and shared pools
of storage devices and is dedicated to moving storage traffic.
Fibre Channel, or FC, is a high-speed network technology
(commonly running at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 128 gigabit per
second rates) primarily used to connect computer data storage to
servers.
Fibre Channel is mainly used in storage area networks (SAN) in
commercial data centers.

Major Hardware Parts in Storage Box
 PDU’s (power distribute Units)
 Controllers
 Disk Enclosures
 FE (Front End ports)
 BE (Back End Ports)
 Physical Disks
 FC / iSCSI Cables
 Blowers
 LED’s
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Hardware parts Description
 PDU’s :- PDU’s provide the power to storage box.
 Controllers :- It controls & manages all the attributes in storage box.
 Disk Enclosures :- DE contains the bays to load the physical drives.
 FE Ports :- By using FE ports we can connect Host / Fabric.
 BE Ports :- BE ports will use to connect the Enclosures / Disks.
 Physical disks :- Physical Disk refers to an actual physical HDD (or array
in a hardware RAID setup), whereas Logical Disk refers to a Volume that
has been created on that disk.
 FC / Iscsi cables :- These are used to connect SAN devices.

Hardware Parts continuation
 Blowers :- Blowers will use to reduce the heat in devices.
 LED’s :- Light Emitting Diode is a semiconductor light source,
often used as an indicator light in electronic devices.

Technical words in SAN
Array :-Array is nothing but grouping number of hard disks to
provide a huge storage is called array.
 Disk Group :- A disk group ties together multiple hard disks to
allow for one or multiple volumes across a RAID configuration
on these disks. When a RAID is created, all of the included
disks are recognized as one data partition
 Provisioning :- Provisioning is nothing but assign the storage to
host on request.
we have 2 types of Provisioning in storage
i) Thin Provisioning
ii) Thick Provisioning

 LUN:- Logical Unit Number
LUNs are a logical abstraction between a physical disk
device and applications. And is a unique identifier for designating
an individual or collection of physical or virtual storage devices
that execute input/output commands with a host computer, as
defined by the Small System Computer Interface (SCSI)
standard.
 Trace Pass:- Trace pass is nothing but change the ownership of
LUN’s in controllers.

 WWN’S :-
Associating a world wide name (WWN) to a logical unit
number (LUN) within a storage array is a way of implementing
data security in the SAN. Each HBA in your servers connected to
the SAN has a WWN. Within the storage array, you can assign
the WWN to a particular LUN so that even if zoning is not
implemented in the SAN fabric, only that particular HBA will have
access to that specific LUN. This is sometimes referred to as
"LUN masking.“
 Cache :- Cache is nothing but temporary storage in controller.
 Hot Spare:- A hot spare is a backup device that is usually in
standby mode but becomes immediately available if a primary
device / Disk component fails.

Zoning
 What is zoning ?
zoning is the allocation of resources for device load balancing
and for selectively allowing access to data only to certain users.
There are two types zoning :- i) Hard Zoning
ii) Soft Zoning
Hard Zoning :- If we create the zoning by using switch port
number & Domain ID that is called hard zoning.
Soft Zoning :- If we create the zoning by using Host WWN’s &
Array WWN’s that is called Soft zoning.

Technical Words at Fabric
 Alias
 Zone
 Zoneconfig
 Flogi
 Plogi

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