8 maggio 2013. Terzo incontro del ciclo Exhibitionist organizzato da Fondazione Fiera Milano @ Auditorium, Museo della Scienza e della Tecnologia, Milano. Alberto Cairo, professore della University of Miami, ci ha parlato di Infografica, l'arte di visualizzare informazioni

1. VISUALIZING
INFORMATION
The six ideas at the core
of my design philosophy
Alberto Cairo
University of Miami
www.thefunctionalart.com
Twitter: @albertocairo

2. Even if I have experience doing and teaching infographics, I got worried...

3. WHAT AM I
GOING TO
TEACH THESE
FOLKS IN
MILAN????????

4. Leonardo is everywhere!!!

5. Density Design - Politecnico di Milano

6. Giorgia Luppi - Accurat (Published in La Lettura, Corriere de la Sera)

7. Francesco Franchi

8. But after seeing all these
very complex-looking
examples, here’s what
perhaps I can teach:
If you are not a designer,
don’t be scared.Anybody
can learn to create
(or at least plan for)
information graphics

9. IDEA 1
Information visualization doesn’t
depend on software, but on thinking
and planning, above all

10. Unemployment Rate (%)*
Current
Historical maximum
*WARNING: I made up the data for this graphic!
Date Rate
Historical minimum
Date Rate

11. Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Wash. D.C. Florida
0%
3%
6%
9%
12%
15%
October 2011 Historical Maximum Historical Minimum
Unemployment Rate (%)*
FUENTE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics*WARNING: I made up the data for this graphic!

16. IDEA 2
Information graphics are not just
art, but a form of communication
that should respect journalistic
standards

17. Fernando Baptista - National Geographic Magazine

26. IDEA 3
An infographic is a tool for
understanding that can reveal
hidden truths

27. Graphics and glasses:
With no glasses, the world is noise;
with glasses, chaos becomes signal

29. http://revistaepoca.globo.com/diagrama/noticia/2011/09/confira-media-e-o-ranking-das-escolas-na-prova-do-enem-2010.html

30. IDEA 4
Infographics are first about
structure and storytelling

31. AVERAGE +9.4%
DIAGRAM
NEWS IN PERSPECTIVE
How Brazil can take advantage
of a future with fewer children
per couple.
Brazil’s
Demographic
Opportunity
Alberto Cairo, Francine Lima,
Marco Vergotti
2000
1950
250 million people
2010 190,732,694
169.799.170
AP
RR
AC
DF
PA
AM
TO
MT
GO
MS
SC
SE
MA
RN
RO
CE
AL
ES
PB
PI
PE
SP
PR
MG
RJ
BA
RS
648,553
425,398
707,125
2,469,489
7,443,904
3,350,773
1,373,551
2,954,625
5,849,105
2,404,256
6,178,603
2,036,277
6,424,340
3,121,451
1,535,625
8,180,087
3,093,994
3,392,775
3,753,633
3,086,448
8,541,250
39,924,091
10,266,737
19,159,260
15,180,636
13,633,969
10,576,758
477,032
324,397
557,526
2,051,146
6,192,307
2,812,557
1,157,098
2,504,353
5,003,228
2,078,001
5,356,360
1,784,475
5,651,475
2,776,782
1,379,787
7,430,661
2,822,621
3,097,232
3,443,825
2,843,278
7,918,344
37,032,403
9,563,458
17,891,494
14,391,282
13,070,250
10,187,798
Change
36.0%
31.1%
26.8%
20.4%
19.1%
18.7%
18.0%
16.9%
15.7%
15.4%
14.1%
13.7%
12.4%
11.3%
10.1%
9.6%
9.5%
9.0%
8.6%
7.9%
7.8%
7.4%
7.1%
5.5%
4.3%
3.8%
20.2%
BRAZIL’S POPULATION IS BIGGER
2000 2010
—BUT THE FERTILITY RATE IS MUCH LOWER THAN EXPECTED AS A CONSEQUENCE, POPULATION WILL STOP GROWING—
2030 2040 2050
125
0
—AND IT WILL BECOME OLDER
Forecast for 2050
2005
Men Women
2 1 0 1 2
75 years
50
30
20
65
Below
average
1
2 3
4
-9,4%
-0,1%
+9.4%
+0.1%
Below
Above
Average
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
NIGERIA
CHINA
África
Europe
BRAZIL
Australia
Asia
Latin America
North America
Millions of people per age group
No data
available
Years
POPULATION CHANGE
PRELIMINARY DATA FROM THE 2010 CENSUS
create an interesting picture of the changes
that the Brazilian population has gone through
in the past ten years. Brazil’s population
grew, on average, 10% between 2000 and
2010, but the fertility rate is below 2.1 children
per woman, the minimum to keep a
population from shrinking. According to
César Marques, a demographer from the
University of Campinas, the main challenge
Brazil will face in the future is how to maintain
a healthy Social Security system if the
number of older and retired people will
likely be much larger than it is today.
Read on to learn about all the variables at play
in this story.
(DataupdatedonNovember4,2010)
The map shows the change in population
in Brazilian municipalities. Between
2000 and 2010, 1,630 cities and towns,
from a total of 5,506, lost population. Rio
Grande do Sul is the state with a the largest
number of municipalities that lost inhabitants,
due to a significant drop in fertility rates
and domestic migration
Above
average
The 2010 Census has revealed a 9.4%
population increase between
2000 and 2010. The differences between
states, as you can see on the chart
on the right, are noticeable. Most rich
states, such as São Paulo and Rio, didn’t
grow as fast as the ones in the north east.
Sources: IBGE, UN, World Bank, César Marques (UNICAMP)
HowBrazilcantransformthe
populationchallengeintoanopportunity
As the population ages, the proportion of people of working age increases.
The country will therefore have more people producing wealth (if the labor
market can absorb them) and fewer children to consume investments. It is a
window of opportunity, because in some cases the number of people of
working age to fall back when older people are leaving the market.
The population under 15 years of age is falling today. A smaller number of
student in public schools will facilitate the quality of teaching, if the amount
invested in education stays the same.
Educational policy focused on low-income youth favors the formation of more
skilled workforce and greater social mobility.
In the future, Brazil will reach the stage of Europe and Japan, which struggle
to support their elders. This is why it’s so important to prepare a more balanced
retirement system, which will include retirement at a later age.
Each line
represents
a country
or continent
A study in 2004 estimated that in 2010, the fertility rate would be 2.4 children
per woman, on average. But new data collected by the IBGE prove that
the fertility rate is already 1.9, below the threshold called “replacement rate”.
When the fertility rate drops below this number, the population of a country
will eventually start to shrink and grow older.
Forecasts made in 2004 anticipated that Brazil’s population
would stop growing in 2040. But the most recent data from
the IBGE suggests that this could happen much earler, in 2030.
New population
peak: moment
when population
will stop growing
Former population
peak (calculated
in 2004)
YEMEN
WORLD
AVERAGE
INDIA
Number of children
per woman
Replacement
level: average of
2.1 children per woman
Comparing the current
population pyramid with the
one predicted for 2050

36. AVERAGE +9.4%
DIAGRAM
NEWS IN PERSPECTIVE
How Brazil can take advantage
of a future with fewer children
per couple.
Brazil’s
Demographic
Opportunity
Alberto Cairo, Francine Lima,
Marco Vergotti
2000
1950
250 million people
2010 190,732,694
169.799.170
AP
RR
AC
DF
PA
AM
TO
MT
GO
MS
SC
SE
MA
RN
RO
CE
AL
ES
PB
PI
PE
SP
PR
MG
RJ
BA
RS
648,553
425,398
707,125
2,469,489
7,443,904
3,350,773
1,373,551
2,954,625
5,849,105
2,404,256
6,178,603
2,036,277
6,424,340
3,121,451
1,535,625
8,180,087
3,093,994
3,392,775
3,753,633
3,086,448
8,541,250
39,924,091
10,266,737
19,159,260
15,180,636
13,633,969
10,576,758
477,032
324,397
557,526
2,051,146
6,192,307
2,812,557
1,157,098
2,504,353
5,003,228
2,078,001
5,356,360
1,784,475
5,651,475
2,776,782
1,379,787
7,430,661
2,822,621
3,097,232
3,443,825
2,843,278
7,918,344
37,032,403
9,563,458
17,891,494
14,391,282
13,070,250
10,187,798
Change
36.0%
31.1%
26.8%
20.4%
19.1%
18.7%
18.0%
16.9%
15.7%
15.4%
14.1%
13.7%
12.4%
11.3%
10.1%
9.6%
9.5%
9.0%
8.6%
7.9%
7.8%
7.4%
7.1%
5.5%
4.3%
3.8%
20.2%
BRAZIL’S POPULATION IS BIGGER
2000 2010
—BUT THE FERTILITY RATE IS MUCH LOWER THAN EXPECTED AS A CONSEQUENCE, POPULATION WILL STOP GROWING—
2030 2040 2050
125
0
—AND IT WILL BECOME OLDER
Forecast for 2050
2005
Men Women
2 1 0 1 2
75 years
50
30
20
65
Below
average
1
2 3
4
-9,4%
-0,1%
+9.4%
+0.1%
Below
Above
Average
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
NIGERIA
CHINA
África
Europe
BRAZIL
Australia
Asia
Latin America
North America
Millions of people per age group
No data
available
Years
POPULATION CHANGE
PRELIMINARY DATA FROM THE 2010 CENSUS
create an interesting picture of the changes
that the Brazilian population has gone through
in the past ten years. Brazil’s population
grew, on average, 10% between 2000 and
2010, but the fertility rate is below 2.1 children
per woman, the minimum to keep a
population from shrinking. According to
César Marques, a demographer from the
University of Campinas, the main challenge
Brazil will face in the future is how to maintain
a healthy Social Security system if the
number of older and retired people will
likely be much larger than it is today.
Read on to learn about all the variables at play
in this story.
(DataupdatedonNovember4,2010)
The map shows the change in population
in Brazilian municipalities. Between
2000 and 2010, 1,630 cities and towns,
from a total of 5,506, lost population. Rio
Grande do Sul is the state with a the largest
number of municipalities that lost inhabitants,
due to a significant drop in fertility rates
and domestic migration
Above
average
The 2010 Census has revealed a 9.4%
population increase between
2000 and 2010. The differences between
states, as you can see on the chart
on the right, are noticeable. Most rich
states, such as São Paulo and Rio, didn’t
grow as fast as the ones in the north east.
Sources: IBGE, UN, World Bank, César Marques (UNICAMP)
HowBrazilcantransformthe
populationchallengeintoanopportunity
As the population ages, the proportion of people of working age increases.
The country will therefore have more people producing wealth (if the labor
market can absorb them) and fewer children to consume investments. It is a
window of opportunity, because in some cases the number of people of
working age to fall back when older people are leaving the market.
The population under 15 years of age is falling today. A smaller number of
student in public schools will facilitate the quality of teaching, if the amount
invested in education stays the same.
Educational policy focused on low-income youth favors the formation of more
skilled workforce and greater social mobility.
In the future, Brazil will reach the stage of Europe and Japan, which struggle
to support their elders. This is why it’s so important to prepare a more balanced
retirement system, which will include retirement at a later age.
Each line
represents
a country
or continent
A study in 2004 estimated that in 2010, the fertility rate would be 2.4 children
per woman, on average. But new data collected by the IBGE prove that
the fertility rate is already 1.9, below the threshold called “replacement rate”.
When the fertility rate drops below this number, the population of a country
will eventually start to shrink and grow older.
Forecasts made in 2004 anticipated that Brazil’s population
would stop growing in 2040. But the most recent data from
the IBGE suggests that this could happen much earler, in 2030.
New population
peak: moment
when population
will stop growing
Former population
peak (calculated
in 2004)
YEMEN
WORLD
AVERAGE
INDIA
Number of children
per woman
Replacement
level: average of
2.1 children per woman
Comparing the current
population pyramid with the
one predicted for 2050

37. IDEA 5
Infographics can
empower citizens

38. 513 representatives

39. http://revistaepoca.globo.com/diagrama/noticia/2011/10/diagrama-298-anos-de-falacao.html

40. IDEA 6
We need help.There’s a whole
world of opportunities to explore

41. The Master of Clay Takes Aim at the Fast Courts

42. Howard Brody - Penn State University

44. http:
elections.nyti

46. http:
elections.nyti

47. http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2007/08/25/sports/tennis/20070827_NADAL_GRAPHIC.html http:
elections.nyti

48. Information, research, planning, structure, and storytelling
come first. Learning the software comes later
This matters... ...but this matters even more

49. Thank you!
Alberto Cairo
University of Miami
www.thefunctionalart.com
Twitter: @albertocairo