Within the framework of the course "Cultural Marketing | City Branding", our team explored the metrics of citiness and applied them, critically, in three promising African cities. Professor: Betty Tsakarestou

1. CITINESS:
THE CASE OF AFRICA
Assignment|Week 4
Course: Cultural Marketing|City Branding
Prof.: Betty Tsakarestou
Team: Anagnostaki Eva
Koukouli Marilena
Mavriki Rania
Rizou Anastasia

2. CITINESS
 A concept which refers to the essence of the city, to the very quality of being a city.
 It includes the desires of the citizens and a competitiveness factor.
 The challenge of smart cities is to place technology and innovation at the service of citizens and other
urban actors  pleasant city to live in = economically, socially and environmentally competitive.
BEST CITIES TO LIVE IN THE WORLD {2015} *
1. Vienna, Austria
2. Vancouver, Canada
3. Melbourne, Australia
4. Sydney
5. Zurich, Switzerland
6. Auckland, New Zealand
7. Tokyo, Japan
8. Munich, Germany
9. Berlin, Germany
10. Toronto
* Data based on Global Finance combined rankings http://bit.ly/1RxKuCE

3. METRICS
Keywords of citiness and quality of living
 Smartness
 Public safety
 Mobility
 Sustainability
 Community
 Innovation
 Transportation
 Civic responsibility
 Shareability
 Culture
 Flexibility and hacking

4. METRICS
Most important and credible sources:
 Economist
 Mercer
 Monocle
 Reputation Institute
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ECONOMIST INTELLIGENCE UNIT
 Reliable source of “liveable cities” ranking
 The most liveable places, notes the EIU, tend to be “mid-sized cities in wealthier countries with
a relatively low population density”
 Every city is assigned a rating for over 30 qualitative and quantitative factors across five broad
categories: stability (weight 25% of total) ; healthcare; (weight 25% of total), culture and
environment (weight 25% of total); education (weight 10% of total); and infrastructure (weight:
20% of total). Each factor in a city is rated as acceptable, tolerable, uncomfortable, undesirable
or intolerable.

5. * not indicating government stability

6. A recent report highlighs that cultural heritage makes a key contribution to the Europe 2020. A European Strategy
for Smart, Sustainable and Inclusive Growth.
http://bit.ly/1o5UtHW

7. other forms of
education emerge,
focusing on life-
long learning etc.
Are they/should
they be part of the
Education
indicators?
interesting
indicator for
sustainability

8. 39 factors, grouped into 10 categories
1. Political and social environment
2. Economic environment
3. Socio-cultural environment
4. Medical and health considerations
5. Schools and education
6. Public services and transportation
7. Recreation
8. Consumer goods
9. Housing
10. Natural environment
New factor added to the 2016
ranking:
personal safety
→ as security concerns increase
throughout the world
→ more conservative metrics
(comparing to Monocle/Economist
Intelligence Unit)

10. Quality of Living Ranking 2016 - 10 top/bottom cities

11. The sources used to
calculate both the
emotional & rational
Reputation are:
 direct
experience
 country actions
&
communication
 3rd party
influence
 stereotypes

12. BREAKING DOWN THE 3 MAIN COMPONENTS
OF RATIONAL REPUTATION
based on which
standards?
advised
from Forbes
list
again safety as a
main factor
focus on
quality

15. o This year, Monocle added another 22 metrics to form “The Quality of Life Survey for 2015”
Factors like:
 cycling commutes
 good lunch a contemporary approach
 number of public libraries
 The main categories are: transportation, food, culture and art, safety, investments, connectivity, cheap
standard of living, weather, civic responsibility
 Video about Monocle’s view on the factors that determine Quality of Life in Cities:
MONOCLE

16. THE AFRICAN CASE
 Nairobi, Accra & Johannesburg
 Factors  Smartness, Sustainability, Quality of life
 Developing concept of “Smart Cities” in the continent
 Promising & worth-studying case

17. ~ NAIROBI, KENYA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xf1H8dQ2ZB4

18. WHY NAIROBI?
Because it’s smart…
 The smartest city in Africa for 2nd year in a row
 Mobile money growth  available to low income citizens
 Digitization of records and civic information  public safety
 Innovation hub  iHub is a business hub of technology and creative enterpreneurship and multinationals
 Focus on education  encouraging innovation thinking in Universities and schools
It gradually goes sustainable…
 Africa Sustainability Hub was launched this year in Nairobi
 Rapid urbanization controlled
And provides a good quality of life…
 Nairobi has been ranked amongst the top five enviable and exciting cities in the continent
 Sophistication of South African cities, but in a “gentler” way
 Affordable living costs (except transport)
 Happy, warm people
 City Safari!
+ MOBILITY, PUBLIC SAFETY, COMMUNITY, INNOVATION
- CIVIC INVOLVEMENT, SHAREABILITY, CULTURE

19. ~ ACCRA, GHANA

20. WHY ACCRA?
Because it’s smart…
 Mobile subscription penetration has reached 86%
 Goal to become a world class tech hub, with the implementation of three main projects, “Ghana Cyber
City”, “Appolonia City” and “King City”
 It is working on installing mobile payment systems in order to limit tax underpayment and fraud
 Is already in the process of installing smart and networked traffic lights – to avoid transportation problems
It goes sustainable…
 Accra plans on implementing an energy project based on wind and solar energy to overcome blackouts
and invest in green development
 It has recently joined the Millennium Cities Initiative to raise the standard of living in the city, by
sustainable urban planning with the collaboration of Columbia University research team.
And provides a good quality of life…
 The warmth of the locals is one of the city's assets
 It has become a top destination for up-scale Nigerians, for a w.e. getaway
 The city offers a full range of restaurants, bars, nightclubs, and increasingly, shopping malls
 Its tropic climate is perceived as an appealing factor
 The government is commited to invest on social and physical infrastructure
+ MOBILITY, NEW INFRASTRUCTURE, SMARTNESS
- CIVIC INVOLVEMENT, CULTURE, COMMUNITY

21. ~ JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AFRICA

22. JOHANNESBURG: TOWARDS A MORE LIVABLE, SUSTAINABLE AND
SMARTER CITY!
Becoming smarter…
 Rolled out 54 Wi-Fi hotspots, 20 of them are mobile hotspots (buses)
 Ensured internet access in 30 libraries, with 80 libraries to be connected by June 2016
 Launched the Jozi Educational Digital Interns (COJEDI) initiative and Hack Jozi Challenge
Becoming sustainable…
 Numerous projects citywide for cleaner air, more efficient transport, a pleasant living environment
 The Corridors of Freedom project improved city's air quality by reducing the need for private transport
The Rea Vaya buses, run with the most advanced pollution reduction equipment
 Massive infrastructure change in the city  catering for pedestrians and cyclists
 e largest man-made forest in the world.
Improving its citizens’ quality of life…
 Promoting social inclusion, bringing residents closer to work and leisure opportunities
 Inner city rooftop gardens  cost-effective source of food and income for the gardeners
 Revamped public spaces, installation of 156 public artworks
 Johannesburg's identity as a diverse and vibrant city!
+ A VIBRANT, DIVERSE, COSMOPOLITAN CITY, FRIENDLY PEOPLE, HIGH ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
- CRIMINALITY, POVERTY, UNEMPLOYMENT, HEALTH CONDITIONS based on racial distinction

23. SOME POINTS FOR FURTHER CONSIDERATION ABOUT THE
“SMART CITY CONCEPT” IMPLEMENTED IN AFRICA
 What are the socio-spatial implications of these new forms of data-driven urbanism?
 Where is the voice of the local community?
 Are the residents ready to face such a rapid technological upgrade?
 Is there a risk of strengthening the economical and educational chasm between urban
and rural regions of Africa?
 Is the African culture in line with this kind of technological development?
 How do these cities manage the transition from private sector development to public
sector maintenance?
 In most of the cases, the smart cities in Africa concept has been an initiative of IBM in
collaboration with local authorities. How can we ensure that this is not a (techno) utopian
fantasy that, once unravelled, it will reveal little more than the opening of markets and
opportunities for profit for large corporations?

24. SOURCES
 www.afdb-org.jp/file/japan/bf2014/bps/43.%20Mr.%20Owusu_Gateway%20Innovations.pdf
 www.africanbusinessmagazine.com/sectors/infrastructure/smart-cities-smart-africa/
 www.aqualogy.net/blog/en/citiness-and-vento-two-aqualogy-instruments-to-build-the-new-
city/
 www.blogs.encatc.org/culturalheritagecountsforeurope//wp-
content/uploads/2015/06/CHCfE_FULL-REPORT_v2.pdf
 www.blogs.lse.ac.uk/africaatlse/2014/07/16/the-rise-of-afro-smart-cities-should-be-viewed-
with-caution/
 www.edition.cnn.com/2015/02/10/africa/nairobi-africa-intelligent-city/
 www.eiu.com/home.aspx
 www.gfmag.com/global-data/non-economic-data/best-cities-to-live?page=12
 www.jda.org.za/index.php/latest-news/news-2014/151-june/1545-joburg-a-liveable-
sustainable-city

25. SOURCES
 www.mci.ei.columbia.edu/files/2013/03/The-Economic-Base-of-Accra-Ghana.pdf
 www.mercer.com/
 www.moneyweb.co.za/news/tech/joburg-gets-started-on-its-smart-city-vision-2/
 www.monocle.com/
 www.reputationinstitute.com
 www.rozenbergquarterly.com/the-african-why-is-nairobi-africas-smartest-city/
 www.smartercitieschallenge.org/assets/cities/johannesburg-south-
africa/documents/johannesburg-south-africa-summary- 2011.pdf
 www.weareiguacu.com/goodnews/africas-smart-cities/
 www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/40817.wss
 www-05.ibm.com/za/pdf/Accra_Smarter_Cities_Report_Web.pdf

26. Thank you!
Thank you!