Rainy Season Diseases

1. Common Diseases in the Rainy Season :
How to Prevent Them

2. Objectives
Discuss briefly Diseases common during rainy season (In terms of Signs
and Symptoms, Pathophysiology and Prevention)
a. Flu
b. Common waterborne diseases
• Diarrhea
• Typhoid
• Cholera
• Dysentery
• Leptospirosis
c. Common vector-borne diseases
• Dengue
• Malaria

3. Common Diseases in the Rainy Season

4. Flu
- Influenza is an acute respiratory illness caused by infection with
influenza viruses. The illness affects the upper and/or lower
respiratory tract and is often accompanied by systemic signs and
symptoms such as fever, headache, myalgia, and weakness.
- Outbreaks of illness of variable extent and severity occur nearly every
year.
- Such outbreaks result in significant morbidity rates in the general
population and in increased mortality rates among certain high-risk
patients, mainly as a result of pulmonary complications.

12. Colds
- Acute viral respiratory illnesses are among the most common of
human diseases, accounting for one-half or more of all acute
illnesses.
- The illnesses caused by respiratory viruses traditionally have been
divided into multiple distinct syndromes, such as the “common cold,”
pharyngitis, croup (laryngotracheobronchitis), tracheitis, bronchiolitis,
bronchitis, and pneumonia.

16. 1. DIARRHEA
- Passage of abnormally liquid or unformed stool
at an increased frequency. For adults, on a
typical Western diet (low fiber), stool weight
>200g/day.
- loose or watery stool that occurs at least three
times within a 24-hour timeframe.
- usually caused by a variety of bacterial, viral,
and parasitic organisms.

19. 2. TYPHOID FEVER
What is typhoid fever?
- Typhoid fever is a life-threatening infection
caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi.
- It is usually spread through contaminated food
or water.

20. High Fever Severe Headache Weakness
Abdominal Pain Constipation
Diarrhea
Rashes
SYMPTOMS OF TYPHOID FEVER

22. How to prevent Typhoid?
- Avoid drinking untreated water.
- Boil water for drinking (upon reaching
boiling point, extend for 2 or more
minutes) or do water chlorination.
- Cook food well and always cover food to
prevent contamination from flies and other
insects.
- Wash hands properly after using the toilet
& before eating.

23. 3. Cholera
- is an acute diarrheal infection caused
by ingestion of food or water
contaminated with the
bacterium Vibrio cholerae.
- Cholera remains a global threat to
public health and an indicator of
inequity and lack of social
development.

27. 4. Dysentery
- An intestinal infection, dysentery is a
waterborne disease characterized by severe
diarrhea as well as blood or mucus in the stool.
- It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or
parasites in unsafe food and water and by
people coming in contact with fecal matter.

28. Fever
Abdominal Pain Diarrhea
SYMPTOMS OF (Amebic) DYSENTERY
Nausea/Vomiting Bloody Stool

29. Five Steps to Proper Handwashing
1. WET your hands with clean, running
water (warm or cold), turn off the tap, and
apply soap.
2. LATHER your hands by rubbing them
together with the soap. ...
3. SCRUB your hands for at least 20
seconds.
4.RINSE your hands well under clean,
running water.

30. 5. Leptospirosis
- genus Leptospira
- transmitted through mud or water
contaminated by the urine of infected
animals.
- potentially fatal infections of the kidney,
liver, brain, lung or heart.

35. Dengue
-viral infection transmitted to humans through the bite of infected
mosquitoes. Eg. Aedes aegypti, Ae albopictus
-These mosquitoes are also vectors of chikungunya, yellow
fever and Zika viruses.
-The virus responsible for causing dengue, is called dengue
virus (DENV).
-There are four DENV serotypes (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and
DENV-4).

41. Treatment
• No specific treatment
• REST, HYDRATE, and CONSULT a doctor.
• Depending on the clinical manifestations and other
circumstances, patients may be sent home, be referred for in-
hospital management, or require emergency treatment and
urgent referral.
• Supportive care ( anti-pyretic, good nutrition, vitamins,
hydration, etc.)

42. • Best option to treat symptoms are acetaminophen or
paracetamol.
• NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), such as
ibuprofen and aspirin should be avoided. These anti-
inflammatory drugs act by thinning the blood, and in a disease
with risk of hemorrhage, blood thinners may exacerbate the
prognosis.
• For severe dengue, medical care by physicians and nurses
experienced with the effects and progression of the disease can
save lives.

44. Malaria
• is a protozoan disease transmitted by the bite of infected
female Anopheles mosquitoes.
• The most important of the parasitic diseases of humans, malaria
is transmitted in 91 countries containing 3 billion people and
causes ~1200 deaths each day.
• Mortality rates have decreased dramatically over the past 15
years as a result of highly effective control programs in several
countries.

47. Four provinces remain endemic for malaria:
• Palawan
• Sulu
• Occidental Mindoro
• Sultan Kudarat

51. REFERENCES
1. Harrison’s Principal of Internal Medicine, 20th Edition
2. https://www.who.int/
3. https://www.cdc.gov/
4. https://doh.gov.ph/