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LIGJI I KERKESES KUNDREJT 
DOBISE MARXHINALE RENESE 
Punoi. Erisela Ozuni 
Ira Lito
LIGJI I KERKESE NUK 
VARET NGA DOBIA 
MARXHINALE RENESE 
Qellimi I Temes
Ligji I Kerkeses nuk varet nga Dobia marxhinale renese. 
Per te vertetuar kete duhet te arrijme me pare keto 3 konkluzione: 
1. DMU nuk eshte e nevojshme per kurben e indiferences me pjerresi 
negative konvekse. 
2. DMU nuk eshte e nevojshme per pjerresi renese te kerkeses. 
3. DMU nuk eshte e mjaftueshme per pjerresi renese te kerkeses.
Perfundimi 1:DMU nuk eshte e nevojshme per kurben e indiferences me pjerresi negative konvekse. 
Supozojmë dy te mira (q1, q2) funksioni i dobise Stone-Geary (u): 
2 2 
u(q1, q2 ) = q1 q2 (1) 
2 
u 
MU q q 
1 2 1 2 
q 
1 
¶ 
® = 
¶ 
2 
2 
u 
¶ 
Pjerresia ® = 
q 
2 2 2 
1 
q 
¶ 
> 
E cila eshte positive per te gjithe q1, q2 0; dmth, MU1 sht kudo n rritje. 
Ekuacioni i kurbes se indiferences do te jete: 2 1 
2 
= 
Pjerr sia ® 2 2 2 =- 2 =- 2 , Kurbatura ® 2 2 2 = 3 = 
2 
1 1 1 1 1 1 
Ekuac 
ë ë ë 
q u q 
dq u q d q u q 
ë u u 
dq q q dq q q 
ë ë 
ioni i pjerresise sht negativ dhe ai 
ë ë ë ë ë > 
i kurbatures sht pozitiv p r t gjith q1, q2 0.
PARAQITJA GRAFIKE 
Figura 1a 
Ne figuren 1a duket qarte se dobia marxhinale (MU) rritet 
kudo ne siperfaqen e dobise per te dy q1 dhe q2. Figura 1b 
duket qarte se kurbat e indiferences behen me te dendura 
nese levizim ne grafik paralel me aksin q1, duke rritur q1 dhe 
duke mbajtur q2 konstant, ose anasjelltas – perseri duke 
reflektuar rritjen e MU. Megjithate vezhgojme se ne te dy 
figurat, kurbat e indiferences kane pjerresi negative kudo per 
ekuacionin (5) dhe konvekse me origjinen per ekuacionin (6) 
Figura 1b 
Perfundim 
Pavaresisht nga fakti qe dobia marxhinale e te dy te mirave 
rritet kudo, kurbat e indiferences jane kudo me pjerresi 
negative dhe konvekse me origjinen. 
DMU nuk eshte i nevojshem per CIC.
Perfundimi 2:DMU nuk eshte e nevojshme pjerresi renese te kerkeses. 
Ekuacioni i funksionit te kerkeses per te miren q1, e perftuar nga zgjidhja e kushteve te nevojshme te rendit te pare te maksimizimit te 
buxhetit te kufizuar te ekuacionit (1), jepet : 
q = 
m p 
1 1 
q m 
p p 
¶ 
Pjerresia ® 1 = - 
2 
1 2 1 
¶ 
Pefundim: 
Kurbat e indiferences jane me pjerresi negative dhe konvekse per q1 duke mbajtur u te fiksuar. 
Ne teorine konsumatore eshte konveksiteti i kurbave te indiferences, jo DMU, qe eshte vendimtare per DSD 
ne kete rast. Kjo mjafton per te thene se DMU nuk eshte e nevojshme per DSD. 
Rastet 1 dhe 2 ndiqen nga fakti se nje funksion dobie është unik vetëm deri në një transformimi monoton. 
Funksionet e kerkeses per dy te mira jane te njejta pavaresisht nga eksponentet e q1 dhe q2 in ekuacionin (1), 
për aq kohë sa ata të janë pozitive. Kjo sigurisht është një tjetër mënyrë për të thënë se nese dobia 
marxhinale eshte renese (eksponentët <1), konstante (eksponentët = 1), ose në rritje (eksponentët> 1) nuk 
ka rëndësi.
Perfundimi 3:DMU nuk eshte e mjaftueshme per pjerresi renese te kerkeses 
ì - 
ü 
í ý 
î þ 
2 100 ( 1, 2 ) (1 1) exp 
1 1 
q 
u q q q 
q 
= - 
- 
Funksioni i k rkeses p r q 101 1 1 1 
® = + - 
2 2 
¶ 
1 1 Pjerr sia ne lidhje me p1 
® = 
1 2 
p m 
ë ë q 
p p 
q 
ë 
p p 
¶ 
Figura 2a 
Figura 2b 
Në figurën 2a ne shohim se kemi DMU për q1 dhe q2. Kurbatura e funksionit te 
dobise ne te dy drejtimet q1 dhe q2 eshte konkave me planin q1q2. Ne figuren 
2b ne veme re se kurbat e indiferences behen me pak te dendura nese rritet 
q1, per q2 te pandryshuar dhe anasjelltas. Gjithashtu ne shohim qartë se 
kurbat e indiferences kane pjerresi negative dhe jane konvekse me origjinën. 
Perfundimi: 
DMU, përveç se është e panevojshme, nuk eshte e mjaftueshme per DSD. 
Ne kete shembull ne kemi nje funksion dobie qe jep rritje edhe kur dobia 
marxhinale e asaj te mire eshte duke u zvogeluar – njihet si rasti Giffen Good
KONKLUZIONET 
•Dobia Marxhinale renese nuk eshte e nevojshem per kurbat e indiferences 
konvekse. 
•Dobia Marxhinale renese nuk eshte as e nevojshme as e mjaftueshme per 
pjerresine renese te kerkeses.

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Ligji i kerkeses kundrejt dobise marxhinale renese

  • 1. LIGJI I KERKESES KUNDREJT DOBISE MARXHINALE RENESE Punoi. Erisela Ozuni Ira Lito
  • 2. LIGJI I KERKESE NUK VARET NGA DOBIA MARXHINALE RENESE Qellimi I Temes
  • 3. Ligji I Kerkeses nuk varet nga Dobia marxhinale renese. Per te vertetuar kete duhet te arrijme me pare keto 3 konkluzione: 1. DMU nuk eshte e nevojshme per kurben e indiferences me pjerresi negative konvekse. 2. DMU nuk eshte e nevojshme per pjerresi renese te kerkeses. 3. DMU nuk eshte e mjaftueshme per pjerresi renese te kerkeses.
  • 4. Perfundimi 1:DMU nuk eshte e nevojshme per kurben e indiferences me pjerresi negative konvekse. Supozojmë dy te mira (q1, q2) funksioni i dobise Stone-Geary (u): 2 2 u(q1, q2 ) = q1 q2 (1) 2 u MU q q 1 2 1 2 q 1 ¶ ® = ¶ 2 2 u ¶ Pjerresia ® = q 2 2 2 1 q ¶ > E cila eshte positive per te gjithe q1, q2 0; dmth, MU1 sht kudo n rritje. Ekuacioni i kurbes se indiferences do te jete: 2 1 2 = Pjerr sia ® 2 2 2 =- 2 =- 2 , Kurbatura ® 2 2 2 = 3 = 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 Ekuac ë ë ë q u q dq u q d q u q ë u u dq q q dq q q ë ë ioni i pjerresise sht negativ dhe ai ë ë ë ë ë > i kurbatures sht pozitiv p r t gjith q1, q2 0.
  • 5. PARAQITJA GRAFIKE Figura 1a Ne figuren 1a duket qarte se dobia marxhinale (MU) rritet kudo ne siperfaqen e dobise per te dy q1 dhe q2. Figura 1b duket qarte se kurbat e indiferences behen me te dendura nese levizim ne grafik paralel me aksin q1, duke rritur q1 dhe duke mbajtur q2 konstant, ose anasjelltas – perseri duke reflektuar rritjen e MU. Megjithate vezhgojme se ne te dy figurat, kurbat e indiferences kane pjerresi negative kudo per ekuacionin (5) dhe konvekse me origjinen per ekuacionin (6) Figura 1b Perfundim Pavaresisht nga fakti qe dobia marxhinale e te dy te mirave rritet kudo, kurbat e indiferences jane kudo me pjerresi negative dhe konvekse me origjinen. DMU nuk eshte i nevojshem per CIC.
  • 6. Perfundimi 2:DMU nuk eshte e nevojshme pjerresi renese te kerkeses. Ekuacioni i funksionit te kerkeses per te miren q1, e perftuar nga zgjidhja e kushteve te nevojshme te rendit te pare te maksimizimit te buxhetit te kufizuar te ekuacionit (1), jepet : q = m p 1 1 q m p p ¶ Pjerresia ® 1 = - 2 1 2 1 ¶ Pefundim: Kurbat e indiferences jane me pjerresi negative dhe konvekse per q1 duke mbajtur u te fiksuar. Ne teorine konsumatore eshte konveksiteti i kurbave te indiferences, jo DMU, qe eshte vendimtare per DSD ne kete rast. Kjo mjafton per te thene se DMU nuk eshte e nevojshme per DSD. Rastet 1 dhe 2 ndiqen nga fakti se nje funksion dobie është unik vetëm deri në një transformimi monoton. Funksionet e kerkeses per dy te mira jane te njejta pavaresisht nga eksponentet e q1 dhe q2 in ekuacionin (1), për aq kohë sa ata të janë pozitive. Kjo sigurisht është një tjetër mënyrë për të thënë se nese dobia marxhinale eshte renese (eksponentët <1), konstante (eksponentët = 1), ose në rritje (eksponentët> 1) nuk ka rëndësi.
  • 7. Perfundimi 3:DMU nuk eshte e mjaftueshme per pjerresi renese te kerkeses ì - ü í ý î þ 2 100 ( 1, 2 ) (1 1) exp 1 1 q u q q q q = - - Funksioni i k rkeses p r q 101 1 1 1 ® = + - 2 2 ¶ 1 1 Pjerr sia ne lidhje me p1 ® = 1 2 p m ë ë q p p q ë p p ¶ Figura 2a Figura 2b Në figurën 2a ne shohim se kemi DMU për q1 dhe q2. Kurbatura e funksionit te dobise ne te dy drejtimet q1 dhe q2 eshte konkave me planin q1q2. Ne figuren 2b ne veme re se kurbat e indiferences behen me pak te dendura nese rritet q1, per q2 te pandryshuar dhe anasjelltas. Gjithashtu ne shohim qartë se kurbat e indiferences kane pjerresi negative dhe jane konvekse me origjinën. Perfundimi: DMU, përveç se është e panevojshme, nuk eshte e mjaftueshme per DSD. Ne kete shembull ne kemi nje funksion dobie qe jep rritje edhe kur dobia marxhinale e asaj te mire eshte duke u zvogeluar – njihet si rasti Giffen Good
  • 8. KONKLUZIONET •Dobia Marxhinale renese nuk eshte e nevojshem per kurbat e indiferences konvekse. •Dobia Marxhinale renese nuk eshte as e nevojshme as e mjaftueshme per pjerresine renese te kerkeses.