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iMasters Intercon 2016 - Identity within Microservices
- 1. Identity within Microservices Erick Belluci Tedeschi @ericktedeschi São Paulo, Oct 22 2016
- 2. Who? • PHP Developer since 2003 • Application Security since 2007 • Biker • Maker • Help devs delivery Secure Applications • Help business to keep clients data secure
- 3. Agenda • Microservice architecture Version 1 • About Tokens • OAuth 2.0 • OpenID Connect • Authorization Code Flow Example • Microservice architecture NG!!!
- 4. Microservice Architecture V1 API GatewayOAuth Server* Account GET /my/{user_id} Transfer POST /transferto/{src_account}/{dst_account} Receipt GET /receipts/{user_id} End-‐User Bank API (Public) GET /my POST /transferto/{dst_account} GET /receipts /token /authorize Basic auth Basic auth No auth
- 5. Microservice Architecture V1 API GatewayOAuth Server* Account GET /my/{user_id} Transfer POST /transferto/{src_account}/{dst_account} Receipt GET /receipts/{user_id} End-‐User Bank API (Public) GET /my POST /transferto/{dst_account} GET /receipts /token /authorize Basic auth Basic auth No auth • Poor logging (audit trail) • Poor identification on microservices (X-‐User-‐Logged L) • Authorization centralized on API Gateway • Microservices are more like CRUDs APIs • Microservices have ”micro user repositories” or don’t have authentication/authorization • API Gateway have more responsibility than necessary
- 6. Now, let’s take a look at the: Token • A piece of stamped metal used as a substitute for money; a voucher that can be exchanged for goods or services (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/token) • Token By Reference • An opaque string generated randomly • Ex.: 2YotnFZFEjr1zCsicMWpAA • Token By Value • A JWT that contains claims about the context of the token • Ex.: eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJodHRwczovL215LnNlcnZpY2UuY29tIiwiaWF0IjoxNDM1MTc5NjAzLCJleHA iOjE0MzUxODE0MjEsImF1ZCI6Ind3dy5zZXJ2aWNlLmNvbSIsInN1YiI6ImpvaG5kb2VAZ21haWwuY29tIiwiUm9sZSI6WyJhcHByb 3ZlciIsInZpZXdlciJdfQ.91GLvtMhhnICmqlf_RVONGw5IM9i8eeAPx2s_WpMObU
- 7. JWT – JSON Web Token eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiL CJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ 9.eyJpc3MiOiJodH RwczovL215LnNlcn ZpY2UuY29tIiwiaW F0IjoxNDM1MTc5N jAzLCJleHAiOjE0Mz UxODE0MjEsImF1Z CI6Ind3dy5zZXJ2a WNlLmNvbSIsInN1 YiI6ImpvaG5kb2VA Z21haWwuY29tIiwi Um9sZSI6WyJhcHB yb3ZlciIsInZpZXdlci JdfQ.91GLvtMhhnI Cmqlf_RVONGw5I M9i8eeAPx2s_Wp MObU { "typ": "JWT", "alg": "HS256" } { "iss": "https://my.service.com", "iat": 1435179603, "exp": 1435181421, "aud": "www.service.com", "sub": "johndoe@gmail.com", "Role": [ "approver", "viewer" ] } HMACSHA256( base64UrlEncode(header) + "." + base64UrlEncode(payload),sharedsecret) JWT Header JWT Payload JWT Signature
- 8. The OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework The OAuth 2.0 enables a third-‐party application to obtain limited access to an HTTP service on behalf of a resource owner...
- 9. OAuth 2.0 – Protocol or Framework? • RFC 5849: The OAuth 1.0 Protocol • RFC 6749: The OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5849 … contract, pact, deal https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749 … structure, skeleton, chassis
- 10. Warning: OAuth is not about authentication
- 11. Warning: OAuth is not about authentication
- 12. How an access_token looks like? (by value -‐ JWT) // JWT Payload { "sub": "alice", // user id "cid": "000123", // client id "iss": "https://as.domain.com", // who issued "aud": "https://rs.domain.com", "exp": 1460345736, // expiration date "scp": ["openid","email","profile"] // scopes }
- 13. OpenID Connect OpenID Connect 1.0 is a simple identity layer on top of the OAuth 2.
- 14. How an id_token looks like? (by value -‐ JWT) { "iss": ”InstIdentRicardoGumbletonDaunt", // who issued "sub": ”4.444.444", // user identification "aud": ["cops","bank"], // where it’s used "nonce": "n-0S6_WzA2Mj", "exp": 1311281970, // 10 years "iat": 1311280970, "auth_time": 1311280969, "amr": "sign+fingerprint” //auth-methods-ref }
- 15. OpenID Connect Discovery 1.0
- 16. A complete Authorization Server • /authorize • /token • /introspection (check access_token) • /token_info (get more information about identity) • /revocation
- 17. Let’s see how to get both access_token and id_token using Authorization Code Flow
- 23. Resource Owner Authorization Server Resource Server Client POST /token HTTP/1.1 Host: server.example.com Authorization: Basic czZCaGRSa3F0MzpnWDFmQmF0M2JW Content-‐Type: application/x-‐www-‐form-‐urlencoded grant_type=authorization_code&code=SplxlOBeZQQYbYS6WxSbIA &redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fclient%2Eexample%2Ecom%2Fcb
- 24. Resource Owner Authorization Server Resource Server Client HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-‐Type: application/json;charset=UTF-‐8 Cache-‐Control: no-‐store Pragma: no-‐cache { "access_token":"2YotnFZFEjr1zCsicMWpAA", "token_type":"Bearer", "expires_in":3600, "refresh_token":"tGzv3JOkF0XG5Qx2TlKWIA", "id_token": "eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IjFlOWdkazcifQ.ewogImlzcyI6ICJodHRwOi 8vc2VydmVyLmV4YW1wbGUuY29tIiwKICJzdWIiOiAiMjQ4Mjg5NzYxMDAx IiwKICJhdWQiOiAiczZCaGRSa3F0MyIsCiAibm9uY2UiOiAibi0wUzZfV3pBM k1qIiwKICJleHAiOiAxMzE.xptoxptoxpto" }
- 26. Resource Owner Authorization Server Resource Server Client POST /introspect HTTP/1.1 Host: server.example.com Authorization: Basic czZCaGRSa3F0MzpnWDFmQmF0M2JW Content-‐Type: application/x-‐www-‐form-‐urlencoded token=2YotnFZFEjr1zCsicMWpAA https://tools.ietf.org/search/rfc7662 OAuth 2.0 Token Introspection Introspection Request
- 27. Resource Owner Authorization Server Resource Server Client HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-‐Type: application/json { "active": true, "client_id": "l238j323ds-‐23ij4", "username": "jdoe", "scope": ”openid profile email", "sub": "Z5O3upPC88QrAjx00dis", "aud": "https://protected.example.net/resource", "iss": "https://server.example.com/", "exp": 1419356238, "iat": 1419350238, "extension_field": "twenty-‐seven” } https://tools.ietf.org/search/rfc7662 OAuth 2.0 Token Introspection Introspection Request
- 28. Resource Owner Authorization Server Resource Server Client https://tools.ietf.org/search/rfc7662 OAuth 2.0 Token Introspection Introspection Request
- 29. Resource Owner Authorization Server Resource Server Client https://tools.ietf.org/search/rfc7662 OAuth 2.0 Token Introspection Introspection Request Nice
- 30. Microservice Architecture NG!!! API Gateway Authorization Server Account GET /my GET /pvt/{account} Transfer POST /transferto/{dst_account} Receipt GET /receipts OAuth Filter OAuth Filter OAuth Filter OAuth Filter Resource Owner Introspection/validation Bank API (Public) GET /my POST /transferto/{dst_account} GET /receipts /token /authorize /introspect /revoke /token_info ”offline introspection/validation” ”offline introspection/validation”
- 31. Microservice Architecture NG!!! API Gateway Authorization Server Account GET /my GET /pvt/{account} Transfer POST /transferto/{dst_account} Receipt GET /receipts OAuth Filter OAuth Filter OAuth Filter OAuth Filter Resource Owner Introspection/validation Bank API (Public) GET /my POST /transferto/{dst_account} GET /receipts /token /authorize /introspect /revoke /token_info ”offline introspection/validation” ”offline introspection/validation” • Audit Trail Improved • Microservices can make decision based on the end-‐user identity • Fine grained authorization across the services • The whole environment have a central user identity repository (OAuth+OpenID Connect Server) • API Gateway is clean/slim
- 32. Don’t start from scratch • OpenSource • Connect2ID http://connect2id.com/ • Keycloak http://www.keycloak.org/ • MitreID Connect https://github.com/mitreid-‐connect/OpenID-‐Connect-‐Java-‐ Spring-‐Server • WSO2 Identity Server http://wso2.com/products/identity-‐server/
- 33. References and Links • OAuth 2.0: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749 • OAuth 2.0 Bearer Token Usage: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6750 • OpenID Connect Core: http://openid.net/specs/openid-‐connect-‐core-‐1_0.html • OpenID Connect Discovery: https://openid.net/specs/openid-‐connect-‐discovery-‐1_0.html • JOSÉ (JSON Object Signing and Encryption) • JSON Web Signature (JWS) https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7515 • JSON Web Encryption (JWE) https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7516 • JSON Web Key (JWK) https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7517 • JSON Web Algorithms (JWA) https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7518 • JSON Web Token (JWT) https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7519 • http://connect2id.com/products/nimbus-‐jose-‐jwt/examples/validating-‐jwt-‐access-‐tokens