2. Table of content
1. Define terms : Forced migration, politically
induced migration.
1. Case study : Syrian war
1. Causes of the syrian war
1. What caused the people to move?
1. Which countries they moved to?
1. Consequences on the migrants
1. Consequences on the destination
4. Forced
migration
According to Kognity.com, Forced migration
refers to the movement of migrants or people
from an area where the push factors are so
strong that they are beyond the control of the
migrants and cannot be ignored.
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6. When people are forced to flee their
homes due to generalised violence, race,
religion and political opinion and regime or
social group.
Examples:
◦ Syrian war -7.6 million
◦ Rwandan genocide - 2 million
◦ Iraq civil war (ISS) - 3.3 million
◦ Civil war in DRC - 1.2 million
◦ Slavery - 12 million
Politically
induced
migration
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8. The Syrian Civil war
The syrian war is a complex
conflict that involves several
nations, rebel groups and terrorist
organizations. It started on 15th
March 2011 and has devastated
the entire country and its
neighbours.
It started as a nonviolent protest
but quickly escalated and led to
more that 470,000 dead people.
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10. Brief
history
According to history.com.new, the Arab Spring was
the sources of the Syrian war.
In early March of this year 15 Syrian schoolchildren
were arrested and tortured for writing graffiti that was
inspired by the Arab Spring.
The government headed by President Bashar al-
Assad, responded by killing and arresting hundreds of
the protestors.
By July 2011, Syrian rebels formed the Free Syrian Army
(FSA).
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13. Other
parties
that join
the
situation
The Syrian government’s main backers are Russia, Iran and
Hezbollah (a militia group based in Lebanon).
The United States, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Turkey and other
western countries are described as supporters of moderate
rebel groups.
The ongoing conflict also encouraged terrorist
organizations, such as ISIS and al-Qaeda, to join in on the
chaos. These groups are primarily made up of Sunni
militants.
In April of 2017 and 2018, the United States launched
military attacks against chemical weapons sites in Syria.
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16. 16
● The war is the major reason why people moved. This forced people to
migrate other countries or be internally displaced.
● Natural disasters
● Severe drought
● High Unemployment
● Government brutality
● Corruption and government
● Lack of political freedom
According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) 6.5
million were displaced within Syria and 4.8 million have fled to neighbouring
countries such as Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan and Iraq (United Nations Office for
the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs 2016).
18. 18
Despite the fact that the largest
number of Syrian refugees moved
to countries in the Middle East
such as Iraq (245,022), Egypt
(117,658), Lebanon (1,069,111), Jordan
(637,859) and Turkey (2,620,553)
(UNHCR 2016).
Thousands of Syrians are on the
move to European countries
seeking protection, asylum and
safety.
19. 19
Consequences on
migrants.
During their displacement, flight or movement, they
experience specific vulnerabilities (Newman 2003, 16)
such as rape, persecution, social excaslusion or
detention (Women’s Commission for Refugee Women
and Children (WCRWC) 2006).
● Women faced sexual and verbal harassment and
exploitation.
● Hunger
● Diseases
● Death
● Low or inadequate humanitarian aid`
● Lack of medical treatment
21. Consequences
on the
destination
Despite the fact that the largest number of Syrian
refugees moved to countries in the Middle East such as
Iraq, Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan, and Turkey,(UNHCR
2016). Thousands of Syrians are on the move to
European countries seeking protection, asylum and
safety.
◦ Increase in refugee camps
◦ Anti-immigration and xenophobic sentiments
◦ Creation of slums
◦ Congestions and traffic
◦ Increase in crime
◦ Some countries see it as a threat
On the other hand there are some positive
consequences
◦ Increase in labour force
◦ Low cost on production
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22. 22
Works Cited
“Civil War in Syria.” Global Conflict Tracker, www.cfr.org/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/civil-war-syria.
“Forced Migration and Security Threats to Syrian Refugee Women.” E-International Relations, 1 Sept.
2018, www.e-ir.info/2018/09/01/forced-migration-and-security-threats-to-syrian-refugee-
women/#:~:text=There%20are%20many%20reasons%20why.
Gr, Filippo, and i UN High Commissioner for Refugees. “UNHCR - Global Trends 2019: Forced
Displacement in 2019.” UNHCR Global Trends 2019, 2019, www.unhcr.org/globaltrends2019/.
Marks, Julie. “Why Is There a Civil War in Syria?” HISTORY, history.com/news/syria-civil-war-assad-
rebels#:~:text=Although%20many%20complicated%20motives%20led. Accessed 10 Nov. 2020.
“-to-flee-top-countries-refugees-coming-from.
23. Syrian Civil War - Civil War.” Encyclopædia Britannica, 2019, www.britannica.com/event/Syrian-
Civil-War/Civil-war.
“Syria’s War Explained from the Beginning.” Www.Aljazeera.com,
www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/4/14/syrias-war-explained-from-the-beginning.
“UNHCR Global Trends - Forced Displacement in 2016.” UNHCR Global Trends - Forced
Displacement in 2016, 2016, www.unhcr.org/globaltrends2016/.
“Why Is There a Civil War in Syria? - HISTORY.” Www.History.com,
www.history.com/news/syria-civil-war-assad-
rebels#:~:text=Although%20many%20complicated%20motives%20led.
“Why Is There a War in Syria?” BBC News, 25 Feb. 2019, www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-
east-35806229.
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24. 24
“World Report 2018: Rights Trends in Syria.” Human Rights Watch, 18 Jan. 2018,
www.hrw.org/world-report/2018/country-chapters/syria.
World Vision Staff. “Forced to Flee: Top Countries Refugees Are Coming from | World
Vision.” World Vision, 31 Dec. 2018, www.worldvision.org/refugees-news-
stories/forced
These can be either within their country or between countries after being displaced from their homeland. This can be cause by environmental factors such as drought, famine, earthquakes,. Political factors such as conflict and war and economic circumstances.
79.5 million people were forcibly displaced worldwide
more than 470,000 people have been killed, with over 1 million injured and millions more forced to flee their homes and live as refugees.
