Putting gas stations in space: fueling the space frontier
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Jim Keravala, COO and Co - Founder of Shackleton Energy Company at Strategy Summit 2015. Shackleton Energy Company is on the path to lead a new industrial revolution. Much like the first oil companies some 150 years ago, Shackleton is prospecting and mining energy to create fuel, not for cars, but for spacecrafts. With a highly experienced team from NASA, The Pentagon and a wide range of space, finance and engineering companies, the company aims to develop fuel stations that will change how we do business in space and jump -start a multi-trillion dollar industry. Jim Keravala Co-founder, Chief Operating Officer Shackelton Energy Board Member, Founder of multiple space & software-related companies
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Putting gas stations in space: fueling the space frontier
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- 6. 6 McGlade, Nature 2015; The geographical distribution of fossil fuels unused when limiting global warming to 2 degrees C
- 7. 7 McGlade, Nature 2015; The geographical distribution of fossil fuels unused when limiting global warming to 2 degrees C
- 8. 8 Perez, 2009, A Fundamental Look At Energy Reserves For The Planet
- 9. 9 SPACE BASED SOLAR POWER Mankins, 2014, The Case for Space Solar Power
- 10. 10 Dramatically reduce the price of access to space by opening the world’s first fuel stations in space
- 11. Shackleton Energy Company 11 Industrialization FrontierRenaissancesMigration 50000 BC – 5000 BC 2000 BC – 1500 AD 1700 AD – 1900 AD 1900 AD The very presence of physical, resource and economic frontiers has been fundamental to human evolution Civilization reached its physical frontier over a century ago and now approaches its economic and resource limits
- 12. Shackleton Energy Company 12 Industrial economic growth has been built upon energy, resource, infrastructure and transport Energy Price Performance The next infrastructure investment frontier will be beyond Earth’s economic sphere
- 16. Shackleton Energy Company Earth’s ecosystem will strain under the population of 10 Billion by 2050
- 17. Shackleton Energy Company 17 20502000 2100 Aluminium Phosphorus Tantalum Titanium Copper Silver Indium Antimony Coal Oil Gas 2092 2088 2058 2056 2044 2029 2024 2020 2054 2049 2047 Economically accessible minerals drawing to a close this century US Geological Survey, Adroit Resources, World Bureau of Metal Statistics, International Copper Study Group, Minormetals.com, Cordell et al (2009), Smil (2000), Silver Institute, BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2010
- 18. Shackleton Energy Company 15TWe30TWe60TWe 6B 10B 12B 30B equivalent 11B 15B equivalent 8B 20502000 2100 15TWe30TWe60TWe Population-Consumption Equivalent Ref Year 2000 Production-Capacity Equivalent Ref Year 2000 Not only mineral reduction but also increasing power consumption Decreasing reserves of hydrocarbons will lead to a critical global energy cap Space Based Solar Power can provide the world’s energy by mid-century UN, Dept of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division Median/High Fertility (2011). Innovative Energy Strategies for CO2 Stabilization, Robert G Watts (2002), Mixed and carbon-based sources of thermal and electric power in 2050
- 19. Shackleton Energy Company The Earth sits in a deep gravity-well surrounded by a thick atmosphere Rockets have to expend massive energy to get to free space Launching solar power or very large satellites from Earth is simply not feasible Resulting in over 85% propellant mass of a surface to LEO launch vehicle
- 20. Shackleton Energy Company Over 85% of all mass going to LEO is propellant and associated structure GTO 42% Trans Lunar 50% Trans Mars 60% GSO 61% Lunar Land 75% Propellant from LEO to destinations also takes up additional mass Mars Land 85%
- 21. Shackleton Energy Company Propellant High Value resilient refuelable spacecraft launched with minimal propellant Refueling spacecraft in orbit dramatically lowers the cost of access to space Launching propellant depots in to LEO to support multiple missions
- 22. Shackleton Energy Company Water SEC resupplies their propellant depots with Lunar polar water for operations Propellant Refueling spacecraft in orbit dramatically lowers the cost of access to space
- 23. Shackleton Energy Company Propellant SBSP systems are truly economical if not launched from Earth but built in-situ Using Lunar resources to provide the mass of space vehicle construction Water SEC resupplies their propellant depots with Lunar polar water for operations Space servicing and construction vehicles can supply SBSP and other customers Resources Refueling spacecraft in orbit dramatically lowers the cost of access to space
- 24. Shackleton Energy Company Propellant Using Lunar resources to provide the mass of space vehicle construction Water SEC resupplies their propellant depots with Lunar polar water for operations Autonomous long duration debris mitigation vehicles built in space Resources Providing a fleet of genuine heavy duty systems capable of orbital maintenance Avoiding the trillion dollar economic consequences of the Kessler Syndrome Refueling spacecraft in orbit dramatically lowers the cost of access to space
- 25. Shackleton Energy Company Propellant Using Lunar resources to provide the mass of space vehicle construction Water SEC resupplies their propellant depots with Lunar polar water for operations Autonomous long duration planetary protection vehicles built in space Resources Providing a fleet of genuine heavy duty systems capable of asteroid deflection And ultimately retrieval for additional in-space resource utilization Refueling spacecraft in orbit dramatically lowers the cost of access to space
- 26. Shackleton Energy Company 26 Globally Accessible Electric Power Atmospheric Rebalancing Limitless Freshwater Globally Available Irrigated lands Yielding Crops Localised Economic Prosperity Health and Living Standards Rise Every Child on Earth with an Education
- 27. Shackleton Energy Company 27 Globally Accessible Electric Power Atmospheric Rebalancing Limitless Freshwater Globally Available Irrigated lands Yielding Crops Localised Economic Prosperity Health and Living Standards Rise Every Child on Earth with an Education So What’s Been Holding Us Back?
- 28. 28 Political Leadership Congressional Support Unlimited Budget Technology Development Apollo Missions National Political Goal
- 29. Electronics 29 Science Propulsion Materials Life SupportMedicine Exploration Computers Aerodynamics EnergyEcology Chemicals Comms Software Technology Development Risk Reduction Foundation for Commercial Space Expansion
- 30. 30 Political Constraints Constituent Votes Minimal Budget Constituent Technology One-off Missions Strategic Leadership Gap
- 31. Feasibility Gap Optimism Bias Budgetary Constraint Compromised Infrastructure Minimal Production Scale and Cost Leverage Inability to establish end-to-end strategic planning Overbearing Quality Assurance & Overheads Extensive Operational Risk Profiles Time, Economy and Opportunity Loss
- 33. Market Leadership EnergyTransport Destination Low cost transportation from Earth to LEO Space and surface destinations for new markets The Paradigm Buster! Energy & its Infrastructure! Energy connects LEO transports to space destinations … and connects destinations to new market segments
- 34. Market Leadership EnergyTransport Destination Propellant Depot Powersat Tanker Mining Rover Servicing Vehicle Surface Habitation Human Space Transport Processing Refinery
- 35. Settlements Propellant Depot Servicing Vehicle Human Space Transport Outposts In-Space Fuelling & Servicing Lunar Commerce Human Science & Exploration Space Comms Backbone Space Debris Removal Mineral Mining Space Supplies Human Mars & Asteroid Missions Space Tourism Surface Habitation Mining Rover Tanker Powersat Processing Refinery
- 37. 37 Investment Return! Capital Environment Technology Business Model Market Need Leadership Investment Return Capital Environment Technology Business Model Market Need Leadership Experience Vision Commitment Identification Execution Customers Self Sustaining ProfitableCapEx Onramp Robust Repeatable Scalable Terrain Community Regulatory Catalytic Risk Infrastructure Growth Economy Primary Secondary Tertiary Profit
- 38. 38 Investment Return! Capital Environment Technology Business Model Market Need Leadership Investment Return Capital Environment Technology Business Model Market Need Leadership Experience Vision Commitment Identification Execution Customers Self Sustaining ProfitableCapEx Onramp Robust Repeatable Scalable Terrain Community Regulatory Catalytic Risk Infrastructure Growth Economy Primary Secondary Tertiary Profit Columbus Reach the Orient by Sailing West A Decade Fundraising Trade Routes to the Orient Expeditionary Armada For European Merchants Second Armada of 17 Ships New Markets for Trade & Growth Crew, Provisions for Three Ships European ship building Multiple ships in production Fleet expansion to new regions Atlantic Ocean & The Americas European Monarchies Royal Court Approval Luis de Santangel Queen Isabella Shipping Trade Revenues Economic Expansion Monetary Return New Gold and Resource Supply Economic Expansion New Countries
- 39. Monetary Return New Gold and Resource Supply Economic Expansion New Countries Decade 1 Decade 2 Decade 3 $Millions$Billions$Billions+
- 40. 40 Investment Return! Capital Environment Technology Business Model Market Need Leadership Investment Return Capital Environment Technology Business Model Market Need Leadership Experience Vision Commitment Identification Execution Customers Self Sustaining ProfitableCapEx Onramp Robust Repeatable Scalable Terrain Community Regulatory Catalytic Risk Infrastructure Growth Economy Primary Secondary Tertiary Profit Vanderbilt Integration of Rail Transport Relinquished Steamboats Expanding Rail Transport Access Aggressive Rail Expansion People & Goods Coast to Coast Increasing Revenues Interconnecting New Regions Steamboat Revenues Steam and Rolling Stock Taylor Production Principles Repeatable Identical Units Continental US City to City Strong Growth & Competition State & Federal Legislation Steamboat Revenues Rail Growth Returns Rail Acquisition & Integration New & Expanding Towns & Cities Monetary Return New Land Grants Leveraged Funds Supplementary Businesses Net Worth Over 1% GDP Added
- 41. Monetary Return New Land and Leveraged Funds Supplementary Businesses Net Worth Over 1% GDP Added Decade 1 Decade 2 Decade 3 $Millions$Billions$Billions+
- 42. 42 Investment Return! Capital Environment Technology Business Model Market Need Leadership Investment Return Capital Environment Technology Business Model Market Need Leadership Experience Vision Commitment Identification Execution Customers Self Sustaining ProfitableCapEx Onramp Robust Repeatable Scalable Terrain Community Regulatory Catalytic Risk Infrastructure Growth Economy Primary Secondary Tertiary Profit Rockefeller Revolutionizing Energy Industry Domination Industrial Age Expansion Aggressive Oil Expansion Kerosene & Crude Sales Expanding Oil Markets Assured Industrial Oil Sales Capital & Reinvestment Drilling & Refining Improvement Escalating Oil Field Discoveries Easy Access to Early Sweet Oil Continent Wide Field Discoveries Integrated Supply Chain State & Federal Legislation Kerosene Stock Leverage Raise Competitor Acquisitions Vertical & Hori- zontal Integration New & Expanding Fields & Cities Monetary Return New Oil Fields Integrated Business Sectors Foundation of $T Global Oil Sector
- 43. Monetary Return New Oil Fields Integrated Business Sectors Foundation of $T Global Oil Sector Decade 1 Decade 2 Decade 3 $Millions$Billions$Trillions
- 44. 44 Investment Return! Capital Environment Technology Business Model Market Need Leadership Investment Return Capital Environment Technology Business Model Market Need Leadership Experience Vision Commitment Identification Execution Customers Self Sustaining ProfitableCapEx Onramp Robust Repeatable Scalable Terrain Community Regulatory Catalytic Risk Infrastructure Growth Economy Primary Secondary Tertiary Profit Stone Inner Solar System Industry On the Moon Within a Decade 10 Billion People by Mid Century Detailed Planning and Preparation End to End Customer Chain Integrated Space Markets Eliminating Barriers to Space Capital & Profit Reinvestment 50 Years of Accelerating Tech Production Line Methodology New Customers for Base Modules CIS Lunar & Inner Solar System Space Agencies & Commercial National & International Law Catalytic Investment Revenues & Structural Funds Vertical & Hori- zontal Integration Expanding Market Investing Propellant Sales Near Earth Space Expansion of Space Assets Interlaced Revenue Streams Inner Solar System Economy
- 45. 45 Stone Inner Solar System Industry On the Moon Within a Decade 10 Billion People by Mid Century Detailed Planning and Preparation End to End Customer Chain Integrated Space Markets Eliminating Barriers to Space Capital & Profit Reinvestment 50 Years of Accelerating Tech Production Line Methodology New Customers for Base Modules CIS Lunar & Inner Solar System Space Agencies & Commercial National & International Law Catalytic Investment Revenues & Structural Funds Vertical & Hori- zontal Integration Expanding Market Investing Propellant Sales Near Earth Space Expansion of Space Assets Interlaced Revenue Streams Inner Solar System Economy Space Agencies Infrastructure Corporations Other NewSpace Companies No Revenue Model Applicable Lack end to end business models Not mandated for profit generation Prototyping risk reduction culture Unable to lead capital risk Cannot disrupt existing revenues Inertia too high for regulatory risk Insufficient market vision Isolated market assumptions Shackleton Energy Company
- 46. Shackleton Energy Company CEO COOCTO / Chairman 46 Dale Tietz Chief Executive Officer Former US Air Force officer and pilot. Pentagon Strategic Defense Initiative (Star Wars) acquisition program manager. Internationally-recognized development pioneer in unmanned aerospace systems and high tech business leader. Bill Stone Chairman and Chief Technology Officer World-class explorer/ inventor/ engineer/ business developer. Dr. Stone has led scores of expeditions worldwide, developed advanced life support systems, autonomous robotics and space systems Jim Keravala Chief Operating Officer International space systems director; planning and launch of over a dozen spacecraft into Low Earth Orbit. Multi-national leadership record. High tech entrepreneur; systems engineering and technology program management expertise.
- 47. Mainframe Interconnections Districts Compete for Contracts Computer Tourism Takes-off Govt ARPANET Liberated TCP/IP PC + DOS World Wide Web Dot Com Boom Consolidation X-15 Released to Qualified Corps MultiCycle Engine Airframe System I/F & Docking Standards Millennial Olympics 1970 1980 1990 Govt COTS Program Winner! One Billionth Pico Supercomputer One Millionth Spacecar Sold 2000 2010 Govt TelexNet Established
- 49. Shackleton Energy Company 49 Gas extraction at sea Liquefaction for transport to LNG storage LNG storage prior to distribution LNG Regasification Pipeline transport to customers Oil extraction on land Pipeline transportation of crude to refinery Pipeline transportation of refined products to distribution Road transport to retail outlets Transport to LNG storage Transport to storage
- 50. LEO LLO L1 GEO Earth Moon 50Full Program Mapping in SEC Enterprise Model Water transport delivery from Lunar surface to LEO refinery and depot Water Lunar propellant sales to customers Extraction and processing of water from polar regolith Launch of structure and crew to space Return of water transport for next delivery cycle Aerobraking shell enables low energy return to LEO FuelWater Water Extraction and processing of next water from polar regolith Water transport ready for next delivery cycle to LEO depot Terrestrial propellant sales to customers Propellant Launch of infrastructure and crew to the Moon Launch of prospecting missions to the Lunar poles Permanent Moon Base established and human interplanetary civilization begins on a Tuesday sometime in 2022 Solar power transmission to fleet and early stage terrestrial demonstrators
- 51. Shackleton Energy Company 51 Plug & Play Architecture Common Propulsion Commercial Launch 51 Inflatable Fuselages Aerobraking Return Modular Subsystems
- 52. Shackleton Energy Company 52 Power Transmission Hyperbaric Ops GN&C Systems Autonomous Robots Life Support Systems Re-entry Systems
- 54. 54 SEC, SAS, Penguin ASI Respectively UNDERSEA EXPLORATION TELEROBOTIC MINING LAUNCH FLIGHT SYSTEMS OPERATIONS DEFENSE SIMULATION EXPEDITIONS AUTONOMOUS ROBOTICS LIFE SUPPORT ENGINEERING A Team of 130 and growing With 4,000 years of combined experience in aerospace, defense, launch, space systems, mining, operations and energy SPACE GN&C
- 55. 55 SEC, SAS, Penguin ASI Respectively A Team of 130 and growing With 4,000 years of combined experience in aerospace, defense, launch, space systems, mining, operations and energy
- 56. 56 Phase 1 - Enterprise Development Phase 1 Startup Team Integration Enterprise Engineering Enterprise Go-Review Enterprise Investment Engagement Phase 2 – Robotic Prospecting Mission Implementation Design, Build &Test Launch & Surface Tests Prospecting Operations Phase 3 – Infrastructure RiskRedux Infrastructure Implementation Propellant Exchange Marketplace Fleet Module Development Development Fleet Deployment LEO Depot Fleet 1 Deliveries Phase 4 – Lunar Operations Operations Development Expedition 1 Landing Expedition 1 Operations Lunar Sourced Propellant Delivery Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10 Phase 1 Finance & Commencement Infrastructure Capital Terrestrial Propellant Sales Lunar Propellant Sales Propellant Pre-Sales
- 57. LEO LLO L1 GEO Earth Moon SEC Delivers first End-of-Life extension services for GEO, MEO and LEO satellites (Year 7) First super-satellite boosted to from LEO to GEO with SEC transfer tug with station keeping stage (Year 9) Human tended communication platform with 100x current capacity, upgradeable standardized transponder racks and large inflatable reflectors using SEC modular architecture (Year 12)
- 58. Shackleton Energy Company LEO LMO Phobos / Deimos NEA Earth Mars Moon Propellant Propellant First in-orbit transfer to NASA customer with Phase 3 Propellant Depot (Year 5) ISECG Agency missions to the Moon using SEC vehicles & propellant (Year 9+) ISECG Agency missions to the NEA using SEC vehicles & propellant (Year 15+) ISECG Agency missions to the Phobos, Deimos and Mars using SEC vehicles & propellant (Year 20+) The International Space Exploration Coordination Group (ISECG) of 14 Space Agencies defines a roadmap of preferred exploration scenarios . SEC’s architecture and interface licensing enables that capability at a fraction of the cost of a government driven system. (Year 9+)
- 59. LEO LLO L1 GEO Earth Moon Propellant Transfer of SpAASe customers to lunar orbit (Year 12+) Propellant Transfer of SpAASe customers to lunar surface (Year 12+) Transfer of SpAASe customers to L1 (Year 10+) Launch of SpAASe customers to LEO and transfer to SEC transport (Year 10+) Launch of SpAASe customers to LEO and transfer to SEC transport (Year 10+) Minimum 25 SpAASe customers in cis-lunar space (Year 15+)
- 60. Shackleton Energy Company LEO LMO Phobos / Deimos NEA Earth Mars Moon GEO 61% Lunar Landing 75% Mars Landing 85% Traditional launch beyond LEO requires over half of beyond LEO mass to be propellant GEO Propellant Launching larger spacecraft to LEO followed by refueling from SEC propellant depots at least doubles total mission mass for each launch (Year 9+) A single SpaceX FH plus SEC propellant depots provides greater mission mass than a single NASA SLS
- 61. Shackleton Energy Company LEO LMO Phobos / Deimos NEA Earth Mars Moon Transportation 61 Fuel Power Industry Habitatats Solving the world’s energy problem for good
- 62. "I think there is a world market for maybe five computers" Thomas Watson (1874-1956), Chairman of IBM, 1943 62 "Heavier-than-air flying machines are impossible“ Lord Kelvin, President, Royal Society, 1895 "There is no reason anyone would want a computer in their home" Ken Olson, president, chairman and founder of Digital Equipment Corp, 1977 "This 'telephone' has too many shortcomings to be seriously considered as a means of communication. The device is inherently of no value to us" Western Union internal memo, 1876 "Space travel is bunk." Sir Harold Spencer Jones, Astronomer Royal of Britain, 1957, two weeks before the launch of Sputnik "All attempts at artificial aviation are not only dangerous to life but doomed to failure from an engineering standpoint" Editor of 'The Times' of London, 1905 “We’re not sure how fuel in space is relevant to us" Norwegian oil company, 2015 "We don't like their sound, and guitar music is on the way out" Decca Recording Co. rejecting the Beatles, 1962 "Man will never reach the moon regardless of all future scientific advances" Dr Lee De Forest, 1967
- 63. Shackleton Energy Company 63 “The chances of finding oil on the continental shelf off the Norwegian coast can be discounted” Norwegian Geological Survey, 1958