wellhead https://studio.youtube.com/video/ddkru-H6U0Q/edit

1. Eng. El Sayed Amer
W e l l h e a d & C h r i s t m a s t r e e

2. Eng. El Sayed Amer

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Eng. El Sayed Amer
Include all surface equipment
related to:
• wellhead
• X-mass tree
• Flowline
• Control and
protection
equipment
surface equipment
Include all downhole equipment as:
• Tubing string,
• Nipples,
• Mandrels,
• Packer, etc…
Subsurface equipment
Completion equipment
01 02

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surface equipment

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surface equipment
A Section
Wellhead
B Section
Christmas tree valves

6. W E L L E A D
I N S TA L L AT I O N A N D M A I N T E N A N C E
H

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wellhead assembly is used for:
1. Provides a connection point for BOP during drilling
and X-mass tree during production
2. hang downhole tubing and casing string
3. sealing tubing-casing and casing-casing annuluses
4. Allows access into the production and annulus
5. injecting steam, gas, water, and chemicals
Well head

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wellhead assembly is used for:
1. Provides a connection point
for BOP during drilling
A
S
B
P
P
Well head

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Xmas Tree • The BOP's are
removed
After the tubing is installed :
• The Christmas tree
is installed to control
the flow from the well
wellhead
Well head

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The wellhead assembly
consists mainly of:
1. Casing head
2. Casing hangers
3. Tubing head
4. Tubing hangers
5. Tubing adaptor
Well head

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Well head

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Well head

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Each well types will create different requirements in terms of wellhead design.
Wellhead types
Phase Production Special
Steam Injector
Artificial Lift
Beam Pumped wells
ESP wells
Plunger Lifter wells
Gas Lifted wells
PCP wells
Velocity string
EOR wells
Oil Producer
Gas Producer
Gas Injector
Water Injector
Water producer
Corrosive Production
Sweet (H2S > 0.3 Kpa PP)
Sour (H2S > 0.3 Kpa PP)
selection of wellhead

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Major manufacturers, suppliers, and vendors of wellhead equipment and X-mass
trees are:
C o m p a n i e s w o r l d w i d e
Manufacturing
FMC
Tharwa Brada
Cameron
Wood group
Hercules
GE

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T e r m i n o l o g y
Working Pressure
Wellhead equipment that meets API Specification 6A (equivalent to ISO 10423) is
available in standard pressure increments:
• 2000 psi
• 3000 psi
• 5000 psi
• 10,000 psi
• 15,000 psi
• 20,000 psi
• 30,000 psi

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T e r m i n o l o g y
Working Temperature
❑ Conventional operations span -60
to 121⁰C in 8 ranges (K, L, P, R,
S, T, U,V). K and U are the largest
and overlap the other ranges.
❑ Elevated temperature operations
span -18 to 345⁰C in 2 ranges (X,
Y). Y has the highest temperature
rating.
Standard temperature ratings are defined by an operating range.

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T e r m i n o l o g y
Material Class
Defines the corrosion resistance required by all components wetted by the
retained fluid.
❑ The seven material classes range from AA (General service: carbon or low
alloy steel) to HH (Sour service: corrosion resistant alloys).
❑ All sour service materials must conform to ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156
(NACE International provides control standards related to corrosion
protection).

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T e r m i n o l o g y
Material Class

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T e r m i n o l o g y
Product Specification Levels (PSL)
API Specification 6A (ISO 10423) recommends product specification levels
(PSLs) for equipment with quality control requirements for various service
conditions. PSLs apply to primary equipment:
• Tubing heads
• Tubing hangers, hanger couplings
• Tubing head adapters
• Lower master valves

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Product Specification Levels (PSL)
PSL Decision Tree

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Also known as:
•“A-Section”
• Lower casing head
• Casing Housing
• Braden Head
• Starter Head
Casing Head

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• anchor the blowout preventer to the first casing
stack during drilling;
• support the above-ground well completion;
• support the next, smaller casing stack via the
casing head spool and the casing hangers;
• seal the annular space between the two largest
casing stacks; ensure access to the annulus
Casing Head housing
The casing head housing is screwed (and sometimes welded) on top of the conductor and
serves to:

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Casing Head housing
Bottom Connection Types
S l i p - O n a n d W e l d T h r e a d e d

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Casing Head housing
Bottom Connection Types

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Casing Head Components
Casing Head

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Casing Head Spool
If a well includes one or more intermediate casing strings
between the surface and production casing, the next
component required after the casing head is the casing
spool.
The bottom of the casing spool mounts on top of a casing
head or previous spool, and the top connects to the next
spool or tubing head assembly.

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Casing Head Spool
Functions
❖ Provides for attachment to surface casing string.
❖ Supports blowout preventers while hole is drilled for
next casing string.
❖ Provides for suspending and packing off the next
casing string.
❖ Provides outlets for annular access.
❖ Provides for testing BOPs while drilling.

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Casing spool Components
Casing Spool

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Casing Head Spool
Functions
❖ Provides for attachment to surface casing string.
❖ Supports blowout preventers while hole is drilled for
next casing string.
❖ Provides for suspending and packing off the next
casing string.
❖ Provides outlets for annular access.
❖ Provides for testing BOPs while drilling.

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Casing Hanger
Casing hangers attach to the end of a given casing string and suspend and seal the
casing string in the top bowl of a casing head or spool.

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Casing Hanger
Casing hangers come in two main varieties:
1. Slip type hangers that are installed around the casing after it is run,
either
before or after the casing is cemented into place.
• Slip type casing hangers are used as a contingency when
pipe is stuck, allowing the casing to be cut off and set where it
sits.
2. Mandrel type hangers that are threaded onto the casing.
• Mandrel type casing hangers provide superior well control
when landing the hanger and improve the annular seal.

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Casing Hanger
Casing hangers come in two main varieties:
2. Mandrel type1. Slip type hangers

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Casing Hanger

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Casing Hanger

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Tubing Head
❖ The tubing head assembly provides a means to
suspend and seal the production tubing in the wellhead.

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Tubing Head
Tubinghead Functions
The function of the tubing head assembly is to:
• Suspend tubing with hanger
• Provide a hydraulic seal between tubing
and annulus
• Provide access port(s) to annulus
• Provide mounting for Xmas tree

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Tubing Head
Tubing Head Components

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Tubing Hanger
❖ A tubing hanger is also commonly known as a dog nut.
❖ Tubing hangers suspend tubing and
seal the annulus between the tubing
and the production casing.
❖ Tubing hangers both suspend tubing
and provide a primary annulus seal
between the tubing and production
casing

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Tubing Hanger
Hydraulic Control line

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Tubing Hanger

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Tubing Hanger
Dual Tubing Hanger

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Tubing Hanger
ESP Tubing Hanger

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Tubing Hanger
ESP Tubing Hanger

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Tubing head
Base Plate
Casing head
Casing hanger
Casing spool

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Tubing Head Adapter
❖ The tubing head adaptor provides a transition
from the tubing head to the Christmas tree.

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Tubing Head Adapter

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Tubing Hanger
Back pressure valves
Seal
Handling
Thread
Hanger
Thread
Valve Spring
Valve
Stem
BPV TWC
What is it used for?
Back pressure valves are installed in the tubing
hanger to hold pressure from below during the
following operations:
1. Nipple down and up the drilling BOP stack.
2. Nipple up or down Christmas tree.
3. Test the Christmas tree (2-way check).
4. Replace the master valve.

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Tubing Hanger
Back pressure valves
The most common types of BPV are the
Cameron Type ‘H’ BPV and Petroline ‘ABC’.

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Tubing Hanger
Back pressure valves

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Test Plugs and Bowl Protectors
A series of wear bushings are supplied to protect the seal areas discussed during the
drilling operation.
• They are normally retained in the head by the Lock Down Screws (LDS) in the upper flange
wear bushings

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Seals Technology
❖ Seals provide isolation from one casing head to the next.
“Connection Seal”
used as an atmospheric
seal at all wellhead
interfaces
“Primary Seal”
used to pack off between
the wellhead and the
casing in the bowl
“Secondary Seal”
used to seal the casing
string into the next
wellhead bottom

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Seals Technology
Seal Technology
Primary seal Connection Seals
R Ring Gasket
Secondary seal
Metal seals
elastomer Seals RX Ring Gasket
1. Casing Hangers
2. Tubing Hangers
BX (face-to-face)
CF Ring Gasket

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C o n n e c t i o n S e a l s
Seals Technology
Connection Seals
Ring Gaskets
❖ provides the actual seal in
any flanged or studded
connection,
❖ The ring gasket is
machined, metal seal
designed to fit the
grooves on each flange or
hub face.

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Seals Technology
API FLANGE
Rated working pressure 2k – 3k and 5k psi 10k – 15k and 20k psi
Flange type 6B 6BX
Ring gasket type (R) and (RX) BX
Figure
All ring with X simple is pressurized one which mean that it fit the same frame of the ring grove
after the flange making-up and tested.
Type 6BX flanges, which are designed for face-to-face make up, using BX ring gaskets Only.
For 6B flange, there must be stand-off between the make-up flanges.

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Seals Technology
API FLANGE

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C o n n e c t i o n S e a l s
Seals Technology
R Ring Gasket
RX Ring Gasket
BX (face-to-face contact)
CF Ring Gasket
API
Connection Seals

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C o n n e c t i o n S e a l s
Seals Technology
Connection Seals
There are three basic styles of API approved ring gaskets:
❖ R-style includes both oval and octagonal cross sections
❖ RX-style also fits standard ring grooves.
❖ BX-style ring gaskets require a BX groove on the flange.
R Gasket
5,000 PSI
RX Gasket
5,000 PSI
BX Gasket
10,000-15,000 PSI

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C o n n e c t i o n S e a l s
Seals Technology
Elastomeric Seals
₼ Sealing components in conventional wells and some (lower temperature wells).
₼ made from elastomers.
₼ brand names include Buna-N [or Nitrile]
₼ installed into recesses or grooves machined into the outer surface of the component or a
bushing that seats into the housing
₼ These seals are energized through the application of pressure—either by setting weight or
mechanically applying pressure or wellhead pressure energizing the seals.

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C o n n e c t i o n S e a l s
Seals Technology
Elastomeric Seals
O-Ring
P Seal
T Seal
S Seal
Metal End Cap