Breast Cancer Overview: In commemoration of 2014 October theme Friends in the Fight Against Breast cancer a presentation at Mass Communication Group Msc/Mph College of Medicine University of Lagos
VIP Hyderabad Call Girls Bahadurpally 7877925207 âš5000 To 25K With AC Room đđ
Â
Overview of Breast cancer
1. Overview of Breast Cancer
MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
Group 8
Benyeogor Emmanuel Ifechukwude
Gambari Aisha Oluwaseun
Arannilewa Comfort Olajumoke
2. Objective
At the end of this presentation we would have learnt about breast
cancer under the following headings
â˘What is breast cancer
â˘Types & Stages of breast cancer
â˘History and Geography
â˘Risk factors
â˘Signs and symptoms
â˘Control and prevention
â˘Recommendations
â˘References
MAS 850 Group Presentation
2014
3. Introduction
⢠Cancer is often considered
a disease of affluence, but
about 70% of cancer
deaths occur in low- and
middle-income countries.
⢠Leading cause of death in
many wealthy countries,
and its toll is rising in
poorer regions
MAS 850 Group Presentation
2014
4. A 2012 study in The Lancet Oncology predicted that from
2008-2030, cancer incidence will rise 75 percent
globally and will double in the least developed
countries
MAS 850 Group Presentation
2014
5. What is Breast Cancer
⢠Breast cancer is an uncontrollable
(malignant) growth of tissues in the breast
⢠It may occur in both sexes, adult and
children.
MAS 850 Group Presentation
2014
6. MAS 850 Group Presentation
2014
Normal
Uncontrolled
Cell
8. How is the Breast Designed
The breasts sit on the
chest muscles that
cover the ribs.
Each breast is made of
15 to 20 lobes.
Lobes contain many
smaller lobules.
MAS 850 Group Presentation
2014
Lobules
Duct
Nipples
Areola
Lobe
9. Types of Breast Cancer
⢠Ductal Carcinoma:
Breast cancer which begins in cells that line
a breast duct (thin tubes that carry milk
from the lobules of the breast to the nipple
⢠Lobular Carcinoma:
Breast cancer which begins in the lobules
(milk glands) of the breast
MAS 850 Group Presentation
2014
10. Ductal Carcinoma
7 of every 10 women with breast cancer have ductal carcinoma.
MAS 850 Group Presentation
2014
11. Lobular Carcinoma
1 of every 10 women with breast cancer has lobular carcinoma
MAS 850 Group Presentation
2014
12. Stages of Breast cancer
⢠The stage of breast cancer depends on
the size of the breast tumor and whether it
has spread to lymph nodes or other parts
of the body.
⢠Doctors describe the stages of breast
cancer using the Roman numerals 0, I, II,
III, and IV and the letters A, B, and C.
MAS 850 Group Presentation
2014
13. Stages of Breast cancer
⢠Stage 0
MAS 850 Group Presentation
2014
14. Stages of Breast cancer
⢠Stage I
MAS 850 Group Presentation
2014
15. Stages of Breast cancer
⢠Stage IIA
MAS 850 Group Presentation
2014
16. Stages of Breast cancer
⢠Stage IIB
MAS 850 Group Presentation
2014
17. Stages of Breast cancer
⢠Stage IIIA
MAS 850 Group Presentation
2014
18. Stages of Breast cancer
⢠Stage IIIB
MAS 850 Group Presentation
2014
19. Stages of Breast cancer
⢠Stage IIIC
MAS 850 Group Presentation
2014
20. Stages of Breast cancer
⢠Stage IV
MAS 850 Group Presentation
2014
23. Breast Cancer Facts
â˘2nd leading cause of death
â˘2nd most common cancer
â˘Incidence increases with age
â˘All women are at risk
MAS 850 Group Presentation
2014
26. Risk Factors for Breast Cancer
Family history: Some mutations,
particularly in BRCA1, BRCA2 and p53
result in a very high risk for breast
cancer
Pregnancy and breastfeeding are protective against breast cancer
MAS 850 Group Presentation
2014
27. Reproduction associated with
prolonged exposure to hormones.
Endogenous estrogens
early menarche
late menopause
late age at first childbirth are among the most
important risk factors for breast cancer.
Exogenous hormones also exert a higher
risk for breast cancer. Oral contraceptive
and hormone replacement therapy users
are at higher risk than non-users.
Breastfeeding has a protective effect MAS 850 Group Presentation
2014
Risk factors continued
28. Risk factors continued
Modifiable risk factors
Alcohol use
Obesity
Physical Inactivity
MAS 850 Group Presentation
2014
29. Risk factors
MAS 850 Group Presentation
2014
HIC â High Income Countries
LMIC â Low middle income
Countries
30. Symptoms of Breast Cancer
Early breast cancer may not have symptoms.
MAS 850 Group Presentation
2014
Persistent Lump
Inverted nipple
Colour change
Unusual discharge/ blood from nipple
Change in size and shape
33. Prevention
Breast Cancer Risk Factors
that can be ccoonnttrroolllleedd
Obesity Exercise
All
women are
at risk
Breastfeeding Alcohol
Hormone
Replacement
Therapy
Not having
children
MAS 850 Group Presentation
2014
34. Prophylactic masectomy
MAS 850 Group Presentation
2014
Willingly taking out
ones breast
Because they have
the BRCA
Gene or a family
history of
Breast cancer
36. Screening For Breast Cancer
A Good Breast Health Plan
⢠Self Awareness (Monthly Self
Exams) (BSE)
⢠Clinical Breast Examination
(CBE)
⢠Mammograms
MAS 850 Group Presentation
2014
37. Breast Self Examination (BSE)
⢠Opportunity for woman to
become familiar with her
breasts
⢠Monthly exam of the
breasts and underarm area
⢠May discover any changes
early
⢠Begin at age 20, continue
monthly
MAS 850 Group Presentation
2014
39. Screening
Average-size lump found by woman
practicing occasional breast self-exam
(BSE)
Average-size lump found by woman
practicing regular breast self-exam
(BSE)
Average-size lump found by first
mammogram
Average-size lump found by getting regular
mammograms
riz
MAS 850 Group Presentation
2014
40. When to do BSE
⢠Menstruating women- 5 to 7
days after the beginning of
their period
⢠Menopausal women -
same date each month
⢠Pregnant women â
same date each month
⢠Takes about 10 minutes
⢠Perform BSE at least
once a month
⢠Examine all breast tissue
MAS 850 Group Presentation
2014
41. Why donât more women practice BSE
⢠Fear
⢠Embarrassment
⢠Youth
⢠Lack of knowledge
⢠Too busy,
forgetfulness
MAS 850 Group Presentation
2014
42. Clinical Breast Examination
⢠Performed by doctor or
trained nurse practitioner
⢠Annually for women over
40yrs
⢠At least every 3 years for
women between 20 and
40 yrs
⢠More frequent
examination for high risk
patients
MAS 850 Group Presentation
2014
43. Mammography
X-ray of the breast
Has been shown to
save lives in patients
50-69
Data mixed on
usefulness for patients
40-49
Normal mammogram
does not rule out
possibility of cancer
completely
MAS 850 Group Presentation
2014
44. Treatment for Breast Cancer
⢠Surgery
⢠Radiation Therapy
⢠Chemotherapy
⢠Hormonal Therapy
MAS 850 Group Presentation
2014
48. Prognosis after Breast Cancer
5-Year
Survival (%)
10-Year Survival
(%)
Stage 0 95 90
Stage I 85 70
Stage II 70 50
Stage III 55 30
Stage IV 5 2
MAS 850 Group Presentation
2014
49. Myths & Facts
â˘Touching the breasts too often will lead to cancer
â˘Talking about cancer causes cancer
â˘Using illegal drugs causes cancer
â˘Herbs cure breast cancer
â˘A bruise on the breast will lead to breast cancer.
â˘If an incision is made during breast cancer surgery,
the cancer will spread.
â˘Getting too many mammograms leads to
breast cancer.
â˘Mammograms are only used to evaluate
breast lumps.
MAS 850 Group Presentation
2014
50. Myths & Facts
⢠Breast cancer only affects older women
⢠If you have a risk factor for breast
cancer, you're likely to get the disease
⢠Using antiperspirants causes breast
cancer.
⢠A breast cancer diagnosis is an
automatic death sentence.
⢠Breast cancer is preventable
MAS 850 Group Presentation
2014
51. Recommendation
⢠Early detection in order to improve breast
cancer outcome and survival remains the
cornerstone of breast cancer control.
MAS 850 Group Presentation
2014
52. Recommendation
⢠Not every woman in families with breast
cancer history carries a harmful BRCA1 or
BRCA2 mutation.
⢠Not every cancer in such families is linked
to a harmful mutation in one of these
genes.
⢠Not every woman who has a harmful
BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation will develop
breast and/or ovarian cancer
MAS 850 Group Presentation
2014
53. Recommendation
⢠Targeting the wrong age group, such as,
younger women with low risk of breast
cancer could cause a lower number of
breast cancers found per woman
screened and therefore reduce its cost-effectiveness.
MAS 850 Group Presentation
2014
54. Recommendation
⢠Careful planning and a well-organized and
sustainable programme that targets the
right population group and ensures
coordination, continuity and quality of
actions across the whole continuum of
care.
MAS 850 Group Presentation
2014
55. Conclusion
⢠Breast cancer is the top cancer in women
worldwide and is increasing particularly in
developing countries where the majority of
cases are diagnosed in late stages.
MAS 850 Group Presentation
2014