This document discusses graphene and graphene composites. It begins with an introduction to graphene, describing how it is synthesized and categorized based on quality. It then discusses graphene's supreme mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. The document outlines several applications of graphene in areas like flexible electronics, photonics, energy storage, and coatings. It also examines the use of graphene in composite materials, noting challenges in achieving uniform dispersion and bonding. The document emphasizes the benefits of graphene polymer composites and methods for enhancing properties like conductivity. It concludes that further study is needed on mechanical properties at different graphene contents.

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Graphene roadmap and graphene
based composites
Emad Omrani
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Table of Contents
Section Name
Introduction
Properties of Graphene
Applications of Graphene
Composite materials
Gaps of the current state of art
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Graphene
•Graphite is stacked of several graphene
sheets along the c-axis with an interlayer
spacing of 0.34 nm.
•The bonding between carbon atoms are
very strong while the there is weak Van
Der Waals interaction among the layers.
two-dimensional single atomic carbon sheet
of sp2-bounded
synthesizing graphene in large quantities:
• thermal evaporation of silicon
carbide
• chemical vapor deposition (CVD)
of graphene on metal carbides or
metal surfaces
• wet chemical synthesis of
graphene oxides followed by the
reduction
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Graphene
One reason that graphene
research has progressed so fast
is that the laboratory
procedures enabling us to
obtain high-quality graphene
are relatively simple and cheap.
The graphene is categorized in three different
category based on the quality of the resulting
graphene
o Graphene or reduced graphene
oxide flakes for composite
materials, conductive paints, and
so on
o Planar graphene for lower-
performance active and non-
active devices
o Planar graphene for high-
performance electronic devices
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Properties of Graphene
Supreme Properties
• Mechanical properties
• Stiffness
• Strength
• Elasticity
• high electrical conductivity
• thermal conductivity
While properties of graphene depend
• quality
• type of defects
• substrate
These extreme properties are
combined in one material means:
it eligible for various
applications
graphene could replace other
materials in existing applications.
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Properties of Graphene
MD simulations predict the mechanical
properties of single graphite layer  yielding of
0.912 TPa
Quantum mechanical approach  elastic
modulus for armchair graphene and zigzag
graphene are 1.086 and 1.05 TPa, respectively
Using nanoindentation of the atomic force 
The Young’s modulus and intrinsic tensile
strength are1.02 TPa and 130 GPa, respectively
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Flexible electronics
•meets the electrical and optical requirements
(sheet resistance reaching 30V per square of
2D area in highly doped samples)
•excellent transmittance of 97.7%per layer
•fracture strain of graphene is ten times higher
 indium tin oxide (ITO) is replaced with
garaphene
touch screen displays, e-paper (electronic
paper) and organic light-emitting diodes
(OLEDs)
Application of Graphene Electronic Devices
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Application of Graphene
Photonics
•Photodetectors
•Optical modulator
Energy generation and storage
•Solar cells
•Lithium-ion batteries
Paints and coating
•Conductive ink
•Electromagnetic-interference shielding
•Gas barrier coating
•Corrosion barrier
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Application of Graphene
The previous studies focus on metal matrix and
polymer matrix composites to Manufacture:
•Lightweight
•high strength
•Self-lubricating
The mechanical properties of graphene reinforced
polymer composites are considerably below their
theoretically predicted potential because of
graphene sheet agglomeration
Another important factor is uniform distribution.
Composite materials
•In comparison with polymers, GNS-
based MMCs have been little researched
because of the difficulty of exfoliating
the graphite flakes  the as-synthesized
nanocomposites were nonuniform  it
was difficult to obtain the graphene-
based composites.
•Additionally, the difficulty in large-scale
synthesis of these composites becomes
an obstacle in its application.
•Another problem of graphene is poor
bonding formation between metal and
carbon sheet.
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Graphene-based polymer composites show superior:
• Mechanical properties
• Thermal properties
• gas barrier
• Electrical properties
• flame retardant properties
compared to the neat polymers.
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) show comparable mechanical
properties to graphene, still graphene is better nanofiller
than CNT in certain aspects such as thermal and electrical
conductivity.
Application of Graphene Polymer matrix composite
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A mild ultrasonic treatment of graphite oxide in
water results in its exfoliation to form stable aqueous
dispersions
Polymer matrix composite
A typical AFM non-contact-mode image of graphite oxide sheets deposited onto a mica
substrate from an aqueous dispersion (inset) with superimposed cross section measurements
taken along the red line indicating a sheet thickness of 1 nm.
The quality of nanofiller dispersion
in the polymer matrix directly
correlates with its effectiveness for
improving mechanical, electrical,
thermal, impermeability and other
properties.
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Test results showed that heat treatment of such composites
to 300 C, well above the glass transition temperature of
polystyrene (100 C), does not result in agglomeration of the
graphene sheets (as assessed from extensive SEM imaging),
suggesting their thermal stability over a broad temperature
range.
To obtain the true value of the conductivity of the
composites, a separate measurements of in-plane and
transverse resistances has been done. A rapid increase in the
direct current electrical conductivity of composite materials
takes place when the conductive filler forms an infinite
network of connected paths through the insulating matrix.
Polymer matrix composite
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Gaps of the current state of art
Investigate mechanical properties at different
graphene content
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Thank you
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