4. Aquinasâ five ways
Developed his first way from Aristotleâs idea of
the âprime moverâ.
The unmoved mover
The uncaused causer
Necessity and contingency
6. Kant and Hume
Challengers to cosmological argument
Immanuel Kant â âwe must deny knowledge in
order to make room for faithâ
David Hume â it is meaningless to talk of
something we no direct knowledge to, infinite
regress could of happened.
7. Russell VS Coppleston
Russell â concepts such as âcause of universeâ &
ânecessary beingâ have no meaning.
Coppleston â used points from Leibniz and
Aquinas to defend the cosmological argument.
8. Antony Kenny
Aquinasâs theory falls at the first way â thing do
not need to be acted on (Newtonâs First law of
motion).
However Aquinas wasn't referring to actual
movement in his theory, referred to gradual
movement such a evolution.
9. Kalam Cosmological Argument
(William Lane Craig)
Types of Infinite ;
Potential (things building to become infinite)
Actual ( permanent, necessary e.g.. Math's)
Universe potentially infinite (had a beginning) and was just
caused by it (necessary being) but it is not dependent on it.
Universe was not caused naturally, creation of choice (creatio ex
nihilo).