Agriculture & pesticides

Global food production ,[object Object]

Global food security ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Nutrition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The green revolution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The green revolution ,[object Object]

Green revolution: Environmental impacts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Monocultures ,[object Object],[object Object],Wheat monoculture in Washington

Crop diversity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pesticides ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Chemical pesticides ,[object Object]

Characteristics: ,[object Object],Hard/Persistent Pesticides DDT and many other chlorinated hydrocarbons. Examples:

Characteristics ,[object Object],Soft Pesticides soaps, oils, plant extracts, baking soda, and dish liquid. Examples:

Disease Control ,[object Object],[object Object]

Food Production ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Fiber Production ,[object Object],[object Object]

Efficiency When Compared to Alternatives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Development of Safer Pesticides ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Impact on Non-target Organisms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Superbugs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pests evolve resistance to pesticides ,[object Object],[object Object]

Pests evolve resistance to pesticides, continued ,[object Object],4. Survivors breed and produce pesticide-resistant population.

Pests evolve resistance to pesticides, continued 6. Has little effect. More-toxic chemicals must be developed. 5. Pesticide aplied again.

Bioaccumulation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Formation of New Pests ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Food/Water Contamination ,[object Object]

Pesticide Poisoning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

National Cancer Institute ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pollination ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Honeybee pollinating apple blossom

Pollinator conservation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Label Requirements

LD-50 (Median Lethal Dose) ,[object Object],[object Object]

Nervous System ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Photosynthesis ,[object Object],[object Object]

Smothering ,[object Object],[object Object]

Inhibition of Blood Clotting ,[object Object]

The ideal Pesticide and the Nightmare Insect Pest ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

EPA ,[object Object],Pesticides and the Law

Research ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Restrictions ,[object Object],[object Object]

FIFRA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

FFDCA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

FQPA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],Rachel Carson

Contributions ,[object Object],[object Object]

PROTECTING FOOD RESOURCES: PEST MANAGEMENT ,[object Object],Figure 13-27

Other Ways to Control Pests ,[object Object],Figure 13-31

Predators/Parasites ,[object Object]

Biological control ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

But biocontrol is risky ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Natural Repellants ,[object Object],

Microbials ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Timing of Application ,[object Object]

Type of Crops ,[object Object]

Photodegradable Plastics ,[object Object]

Sterilization ,[object Object],[object Object]

Genetic modification of food ,[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],Figure 13-32

Resistant Crops ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Prevalence of GM foods ,[object Object],[object Object]

Prevalence of GM foods ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Integrated pest management (IPM) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

IPM successes ,[object Object]

Fig. 13-30, p. 299 What Can You Do? Reducing Exposure to Pesticides • Grow some of your food using organic methods. • Buy organic food. • Wash and scrub all fresh fruits, vegetables, and wild foods you pick. • Eat less or no meat. • Trim the fat from meat.

Agriculture & pesticides

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