2. IDENTIFYING VS NON-IDENTIFYING
NON-IDENTIFYING
IDENTIFYING CLAUSES
CLAUSES
Identify or classify Describe the person
nouns. /thing identified and
Tell us which provides extra
person/thing is meant information
E.g. People who take E.g. This is Ms Rogers,
physical exercise live who’s joining the firm
longer next week
3. PUNCTUATION
IDENTIFYING NON-IDENTIFYING
Usually follow Are normally separated
immediately after the by pauses and /or
noun that they modify
without a break: they are intonation breaks and
not separated by pauses commas.
or intonation movements E.g. Dorothy, who
in speech, or by commas
in writing.
does my hair, has
moved to another
E.g. The woman who
does my hair has city.
moved to another
hairdresser’s
4. WHO- AS OBJECT IN IDENTIFYING CLAUSES
WHO- IDENTIFYING WHOM- NON-IDENTIFYING
E.g. The woman who I He met Rachel, whom
marry will have a good she was later to marry.
sense of humour.
N.B. WHOM is more
formal
6. POSITION OF PREPOSITIONS
1. BEFORE RELATIVE PRONOUNS
2. AT THE END OF CLAUSES
RELATIVE+ PREPOSITION=
+ FORMAL PREPOSITION STRANDING
1. He was respected by 1. He was respected by
the people with whom the people he worked
he worked with.
2. This is the room in This is the room I was
which I was born= born in.
8. THINGS : OF WHICH, THAT…..OF
Instead of whose, we can use of which or that…of ( less
formal) to refer to things, and these are sometimes
preferred.
The most common word order is :
noun+ of which
noun+ that…..of
of which…….+ noun
Examples
He’s written a book whose name I’ve forgotten.
He’s written a book the name of which I’ve forgotten.
He’s written a book that I’ve forgotten the name of.
He’s written a book of which I’ve forgotten the name.
9. PRACTICE 1: OF WHICH
http://www.grammar-quizzes.com/clauses-8.html
10. 1. EXERCISE ON RELATIVE CLAUSES
NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
Combine the sentences using relative clauses. Note that all
relative clauses are non-defining.
Samuel Johnson was the son of a bookseller. Samuel Johnson
was born in 1709.
Samuel
Johnson ________________________________________
In 1728, he went to Oxford. He studied at Pembroke College in
Oxford.
In 1728, he went _______________________________________
Johnson had to leave Oxford without a degree. He was too poor to
pay the fees.
Johnson _____________________________________________
_
In 1737, Johnson moved to London. There he wrote poetry,
essays and biographies.
In 1737,
Johnson _______________________________________
11. In 1746, Johnson started to write his dictionary. It took him nine
years to complete.
In 1746, Johnson started __________________________
His home at that time was in 17 Gough Square in London. It is a
museum now.
17 Gough Square in London ________________________
In this house, his wife died in 1752. Her name was Elizabeth
Porter.
In this house his wife ____________________________
In 1755, the work was published. It was called A Dictionary of
the English Language.
In 1755, the work ______________________________
Samuel Johnson died in 1784. He is buried in Westminster
Abbey.
Samuel Johnson _______________________________
