1. DEFINING VS NON- DEFINING
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Unit 4

2. IDENTIFYING VS NON-IDENTIFYING
NON-IDENTIFYING
IDENTIFYING CLAUSES
CLAUSES
 Identify or classify  Describe the person
nouns. /thing identified and
 Tell us which provides extra
person/thing is meant information
 E.g. People who take  E.g. This is Ms Rogers,
physical exercise live who’s joining the firm
longer next week

3. PUNCTUATION
IDENTIFYING NON-IDENTIFYING
 Usually follow  Are normally separated
immediately after the by pauses and /or
noun that they modify
without a break: they are intonation breaks and
not separated by pauses commas.
or intonation movements  E.g. Dorothy, who
in speech, or by commas
in writing.
does my hair, has
moved to another
 E.g. The woman who
does my hair has city.
moved to another
hairdresser’s

4. WHO- AS OBJECT IN IDENTIFYING CLAUSES
WHO- IDENTIFYING WHOM- NON-IDENTIFYING
 E.g. The woman who I  He met Rachel, whom
marry will have a good she was later to marry.
sense of humour.
 N.B. WHOM is more
formal

5. WHO/WHOM
 http://www.grammar-quizzes.com/clauses-2.html

6. POSITION OF PREPOSITIONS
1. BEFORE RELATIVE PRONOUNS
2. AT THE END OF CLAUSES
RELATIVE+ PREPOSITION=
+ FORMAL PREPOSITION STRANDING
 1. He was respected by  1. He was respected by
the people with whom the people he worked
he worked with.
 2. This is the room in  This is the room I was
which I was born= born in.

7. EXERCISES
 http://www.grammar-quizzes.com/clauses-
2.html#preps

8. THINGS : OF WHICH, THAT…..OF
 Instead of whose, we can use of which or that…of ( less
formal) to refer to things, and these are sometimes
preferred.
 The most common word order is :
 noun+ of which
 noun+ that…..of
 of which…….+ noun
 Examples
He’s written a book whose name I’ve forgotten.
He’s written a book the name of which I’ve forgotten.
He’s written a book that I’ve forgotten the name of.
He’s written a book of which I’ve forgotten the name.

9. PRACTICE 1: OF WHICH
 http://www.grammar-quizzes.com/clauses-8.html

10. 1. EXERCISE ON RELATIVE CLAUSES
NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
 Combine the sentences using relative clauses. Note that all
relative clauses are non-defining.
 Samuel Johnson was the son of a bookseller. Samuel Johnson
was born in 1709.
Samuel
Johnson ________________________________________
 In 1728, he went to Oxford. He studied at Pembroke College in
Oxford.
In 1728, he went _______________________________________
 Johnson had to leave Oxford without a degree. He was too poor to
pay the fees.
Johnson _____________________________________________
_
 In 1737, Johnson moved to London. There he wrote poetry,
essays and biographies.
In 1737,
Johnson _______________________________________

11.  In 1746, Johnson started to write his dictionary. It took him nine
years to complete.
In 1746, Johnson started __________________________
 His home at that time was in 17 Gough Square in London. It is a
museum now.
17 Gough Square in London ________________________
 In this house, his wife died in 1752. Her name was Elizabeth
Porter.
In this house his wife ____________________________
 In 1755, the work was published. It was called A Dictionary of
the English Language.
In 1755, the work ______________________________
 Samuel Johnson died in 1784. He is buried in Westminster
Abbey.
Samuel Johnson _______________________________

12. EXERCISES NON-DEFINING CLAUSES
 Check your keys here
 http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-
up/grammar/relative-clauses/exercises?12

13. OTHER RELATED TOPICS
PREPOSITION PLACEMENT
 http://www.grammar-quizzes.com/preps-
placement.html

14. WEBBLOGRAPHY
 http://www.grammar-quizzes.com
 http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-
up/grammar/relative-clauses/exercises?12
 You can take this diagnosis test here:
 http://www.grammar-quizzes.com/adjcl-diagnostic.html
 More Power Points
http://www.slideshare.net/joseanis/relative-clauses-
6595371