2. Lesson 1.1. Understanding Humanities
Lesson 1.2. The Humanities in Western Civilization
Lesson 1.3. The Humanities and the Filipino Personhood (Pagkatao)
Lesson 1.4. The Filipino Concept of Art
MODULE 1
Art as a Humanistic Discipline
2
3. Chapter Overview
In the age of Instagram and Facebook, it is very easy to come across a work of art which is
made, remade, or reused to fit a certain purpose or value. You must have pressed that “like” or
“love” button as you deem a graphic post so relatable. YouTube offers lots of tutorials and
techniques for painting, calligraphy, watercolor and others; lots of young artists have been
exposed to a wide range of art techniques because of them. Art and information is now within our
reach. There are so many sources available to learn from.
The downside of this quick information is that it is very scattered. We do not know which to
prioritize and are unsure if we are getting the right information.
Art Appreciation on the other hand is a discipline offered in an academic to direct our often
ambivalent feelings toward art which is a good starting point: YOU.
3
4. Originally, the term "humanity" implied the distinguishing between human beings and those
considered to be less than human, whether that mean dogs, goldfish, or the literal "less than
humans" known as the barbarians and slaves. But with the dawning of what we now refer to as
the Middle Ages, an interest in the divine arose and man began looking at what was greater than
himself. And with this recollection came the understanding that if some humans were
considered subhuman, then what must humans appear as to God? And thus a new definition of
"humanitas" began infiltrating the vernacular, one that implied our certain mortality rather than
superiority over one another. This new definition and conception lead to what we now call
"humanism" which Panofsky describes as maintaining our rationality and freedom while still
keeping in mind our own fallibility and frailty. Thus, responsibility for ourselves and tolerance
to others.
4
5. With the rise of humanism in the Middle Ages, it is no wonder that new artistic
styles emerged everywhere and played off one another versus the soon to come
Renaissance which radically shifts to looking at the past as something to be
reconstructed. The humanists learned and grew from what they could study of the
past but didn't emulate it. As Panofsky says so beautifully, "For, if human existence
could be thought of as a means rather than an end, how much less could the records
of human activity be considered as value in themselves.”
5
6. Readings
Panofsky, E. (1955). The History of Art as a Humanistic Discipline. Meaning in the Visual Arts. Australia:
Penguin Books.
Dhakhwa, S. & Enriquez, S. (2008). The Relevance of Confucian Philosophy to Modern Concepts of Leadership and Followership
(2008). All Volumes (2001-2008). 5.http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/ojii_volumes/5
CANVAS Network. Module 1 - Introductions and Definitions. WHAT IS ART?
https://learn.canvas.net/courses/24/pages/m1-what-is-art?module_item_id=44378
Study.com. Christian Humanism: Definition & Role in the Renaissance. Chapter 1, Lesson 14.
https://study.com/academy/lesson/christian-humanism-definition-role-in-the-
renaissance.html#:~:text=Christian%20Humanism%20was%20a%20Renaissance,helped%20encourage%20the%20Protestant%2
0Reformation.
Video
Who Am I. (Dec. 4, 2010). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mBcqria2wmg
What was crucifixion like? (April 15, 2017). https://youtu.be/V0gNIL5GAdE
The audacity of Christian art: the problem with Christ | National Gallery.
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ap-art-history/introduction-cultures-religions-apah/christianity-
apah/v/christian-art-national-gallery
1. Survey the Place of the Humanities in the History of Western and Eastern
Civilization.
2. Distinguish the Humanities and the Sciences as Fields of Learning.
REFERENCES
Lesson 1.1. Understanding Humanities
6
7. Among all these pictures, which do you think gives the right
description of the crucifixion of Christ? Explain your answer?
https://yout
u.be/V0gN
IL5GAdE
https://you
tu.be/XKg
7YILYBkc
7
8. The Renaissance & Humanism
The word 'renaissance' literally means rebirth. Between the 14th and 16th centuries, Europe
experienced a rebirth of Greco-Roman culture, which had died out centuries before. Historians
call this time period of rebirth, the Renaissance. This Renaissance included a renewed interest
in Greco-Roman texts, a rekindled love of learning, an increased interest in understanding the
natural world, and the philosophy of humanism.
Humanism is an optimistic outlook emphasizing the goodness and success of humanity.
Before the Renaissance, Christian Europeans often viewed humanity as sinful creatures who
needed to be constantly mindful of their souls. During this new period of rebirth, however,
there was much more emphasis on the goodness of God's creation and the talents and skills God
had granted humanity.
8
9. The Northern Renaissance & Christian Humanism
The Renaissance started in Italy, which had always been very aware of its Greco-Roman heritage.
As the movement migrated north into places such as England, Germany, and Scandinavia, however,
some of the Greco-Roman aspects were downplayed. Instead, there was much more emphasis on the
understanding of Christianity, particularly early Christianity. What happened in the north is known as
the Northern Renaissance, and its version of humanism became known as Christian Humanism.
In Christianity, Jesus is understood to have both mortal and divine aspects to his being. Before the
Renaissance, Christian teachings focused primarily on the spiritual and divine aspects of their belief:
Jesus as divine, miracles, salvation, damnation, and so on. During the Northern Renaissance, however,
there was much more focus on Jesus the mortal man, including his teachings, relationships, and
experiences culminating with his execution via crucifixion. This ultimately affected many different
aspects of religious life in northern Europe.
One of the results of this focus on Jesus's mortal aspects was artwork that emphasized the
physical and emotional pain associated with the crucifixion. Previously, images of his death were
primarily about salvation through sacrifice, and artists depicted Jesus peacefully slumped over, as if
he was sleeping. Artists influenced by Christian Humanism, however, often depicted Jesus tightly
twisted in agony. Those witnessing his death are shown as wrought with grief rather than reflecting on
the joy of salvation.
9
10. How would you define ‘art’? For many people art is a specific thing; a painting, sculpture or
photograph, a dance, a poem or a play. It is all of these things, and more. They are mediums of
artistic expression. Webster’s New Collegiate dictionary defines art as “The conscious use of
skill and creative imagination especially in the production of aesthetic objects.” Yet art is much
more than a medium, or words on a page. It is the expression of our experience.
Art is uniquely human and tied directly to culture. It takes the ordinary and makes it
extraordinary. It asks questions about who we are, what we value, the meaning of beauty and the
human condition. As an expressive medium it allows us to experience sublime joy, deep sorrow,
confusion and clarity. It tests our strengths, vulnerabilities and resolve. It gives voice to ideas
and feelings, connects us to the past, reflects the present and anticipates the future. Along these
lines, art history, combined with anthropology and literature, are three main sources in
observing, recording and interpreting our human past. Visual art is a rich and complex subject
whose definition is in flux as the culture around it changes. Because of this, how we define art is
in essence a question of agreement. In this respect, we can look again to the dictionary’s
definition for an understanding of exactly what to look for when we proclaim something as ‘art’.
10
11. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
FRAMEWORKS AND PERSPECTIVES
Sciences HUMANITIES
Art
Creation
Artist
Practice
ART
APPRECIATION
Spectator
Theory
History
FIELDS OF LEARNING
Language Philosophy
ART
Our frail and fallible human bodies leave behind
frail and fallible records of our frail and fallible
lives oddly turning our inescapable mortality into
a kind of immortality for subsequent mortals to
humanistically or scientifically observe. And so,
the duality we face regarding the definition of
"humanity" still remains.
The humanities actually compliment
the sciences and vice versa. It's only
that the exactness of science is a
mastery and the depth of the
humanities is wisdom.
KEY
CONCEPTS
11
12. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
THE
SCIENCES
THE TWO GENERAL
FIELDS OF LEARNING
THE
HUMANITIES
Deals with
natural, physical
phenomena
Deals with
human
phenomena
12
13. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
SUBJECT-KNOWER
PARADIGM FOR LEARNING
IN THE SCIENCES
OBJECT-KNOWN
“The scientist learns about things in the world.”
SCIENTIFIC METHOD
13
15. “Who am I?”
THE BASIC
QUESTION IN
THE HUMANITIES
https://www.
youtube.com
/watch?v=m
Bcqria2wmg
15
16. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
For various reasons cultural, political, economic, and ideological that the
norm of self-knowledge has come and gone with the tides through Western
history. Even if we had been constantly enjoined to achieve self-knowledge
for the 2,300 years since the time Socrates spoke, just as Sigmund Freud
said about civilization; that civilization is constantly being created anew and
everyone being born has to work their way up to being civilized being; so,
also the project of achieving self-knowledge is a project for every single new
member of our species. No one can be given it at birth. It’s not an
achievement you get for free like a high IQ or a prominent chin. Continuing
to beat that drum, to remind people of the importance of that, is something
we’ll always be doing.
SOCRATES
469-399 BC
“Know thyself.”
“Withdraw into yourself truth dwells in the inner man.” AUGUSTINE, 354-430 AD
WISDOM
THINKERS WHOSE THOUGHTS WERE THE BASIS
OF METHOD IN THE HUMANITIES
‘Know Thyself’ was carved into stone at
the entrance to Apollo’s temple at Delphi
in Greece, according to legend. Scholars,
philosophers, and civilizations have
debated this question for a long time.
Why have we not been able to find the
answer?
16
17. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
THE
SCIENCES
THE
HUMANITIES
KNOWLEDGE WISDOM
The scientist
becomes a
LEARNED MAN.
The humanist
becomes a
WISE MAN.
17
18. THALES OF MILETUS
(620-546 BC)
“A scientist tends to know everything about the world
that he forgets to know anything about himself.”
A Philosopher renowned as one of the legendary Seven
Wise Men, or Sophist, of antiquity. He is remembered
primarily for his cosmology based on water as the essence
of all matter, with Earth a flat disk floating on a vast sea.
The most outstanding aspects of Thales’s heritage
are: The search for knowledge for its own sake; the
development of the scientific method; the adoption of
practical methods and their development into general
principles; his curiosity and conjectural approach to the
questions of natural phenomena – In the sixth century
B.C.E., Thales asked the question, ‘What is the basic
material of the cosmos?’ The answer is yet to be
discovered.
18
19. A wise man once said,
“If you can revive the ancient and use it to understand the modern,
then you are worthy to be a teacher” (2:11, Marquis Zhang Analects
Version).
Confucius (551-479 B.C.E.) was born a couple of centuries before
Socrates’ teachings on ethics and logic, and half a millennium before the
start of our modern calendar and the birth of Jesus of Nazareth. He
established a school with the explicit purpose of educating the next
generation for political leadership. He was the first great thinker of the
independent intellectual class, and is regarded as China’s first self-
conscious philosopher who can be historically verified. He is further
recognized as China’s first teacher, and his ideas have travelled beyond
its borders to influence Japan, Korea, Vietnam, and now Western
civilizations.
The philosophy of Confucius does not purport to lay out a formula
of how everyone should live. It is merely the way in which he, as a
particular person, chose to live his life.
“The Great Sage”-Wise Man of the East
19
20. What is the basic answer to this question?
“I am a human
being.”
Who am I? “Humanities”
20
21. Readings
Panofsky, E. (1955). The History of Art as a Humanistic Discipline. Meaning in the
Visual Arts. Penguin Books.
Videos
Morelli, L. (March 7, 2014). TEDEd: Is there a difference between art and craft?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tVdw60eCnJI.
1. Examine the History of Art as a Humanistic Discipline.
REFERENCES
Lesson 1.2. The Humanities in Western Civilization
21
22. How many moral ideas can you
get from these pictures?
22
23. Have you ever watched something being made: a time-lapse of a building construction, a
short video on how to bake muffins, a potter spinning his wheel and pulling up day into the shape
of a vessel? There is something satisfying in seeing these processes and how things are created.
One can have a clue of the skill and set, materials, and methods required to get the task done. You
call it and art work.
The arts are usually considered as part of the humanities. These include visual arts such as
painting and sculpture, as well as performing arts such as theatre and dance, and literature. Other
humanities such as language are sometimes considered to be part of the arts, for example as the
language arts.
The study of humanities in western civilization can be traced back to ancient Greece,
where the humanities formed the basis of education for all citizens. In ancient Rome, there
developed the notion of the seven liberal arts; these included grammar, rhetoric, logic, music,
geometry, arithmetic, and astronomy.
23
24. The Relationship of Arts and Humanities
What comes to your mind when you hear the word humanities?
When you hear the word "humanities," what is the first thing that comes to mind? "Human
nature, people, relationships, understanding others.“
When you say Humanities, those are branches of knowledge that concern themselves with
human beings and their culture or with analytic and critical methods of inquiry derived from an
appreciation of human values and of the unique ability of the human spirit to express itself.
Is humanities and arts are same?
Arts and humanities are considered as two of the oldest fields of knowledge available to man.
While art is seen as a more all-inclusive field, humanities, on the other hand, takes into
consideration a diverse and oftentimes unrelated set of disciplines from literature to political
history.
KEY
CONCEPTS
24
25. What is the importance of arts and humanities?
The humanities and the arts are central to all human cultures throughout time. Their study
can facilitate deeper intercultural understanding and lay the groundwork for a civically engaged
life. They can also prepare you to think critically, act creatively, and succeed in a rapidly
changing world.
Both interpret the human experience through words or non-verbal forms of expression. It's
true that the arts have more to do with the act of creation itself, whether through performance or
the physical production of works, while the humanities have to do more with research and critical
analysis
Why art is called as humanities?
The arts are usually considered as part of the humanities. These include visual arts such as
painting and sculpture, as well as performing arts such as theatre and dance, and literature. Other
humanities such as language are sometimes considered to be part of the arts, for example as the
language arts.
25
26. How the arts and humanities affect everyday life?
The humanities have practical applications for everyday life. They benefit people by
helping them to think about and to consider life's surprises and challenges before they happen
and by giving strength when they do happen. The humanities help us to make informed
decisions. The humanities help us answer big questions
How does art and humanities function in society?
Arts and humanities research is useful because it gives societies the capacity to do more
good things and improve the quality of life for more of its population.
26
27. “HUMANITIES”
LATIN ENGLISH
humanitas “humanity”
humanitas
barbaritas
divinitas
People in the state of
culture in civilized society
Savages in the state of
nature for survival
Gods in the state of
perfection in heaven
To Panofsky, he considers “Art as a Humanistic Discipline”
Let us take a closer look on the meaning of
Classified in three state:
27
28. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
THE PLACE OF HUMANITIES IN
THE HISTORY OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION
MEDIEVAL
RENAISSANCE
ANCIENT COSMOCENTRIC VIEW
PROTAGORAS: Man is the measure of all things.
GEOCENTRISM: Man is at the center of the universe.
MODERN
POSTMODERN
800 BC
300 AD
1400
1600
THEOCENTRIC VIEW
SCHOLASTICISM: Man is created in the image of God
Man is at the center of creation.
ANTHROPOCENTRIC VIEW
HUMANISM: Nothing is more wonderful than man.
SCIENTIFIC-TECHNOCENTRIC VIEW
Man is a part of nature.
ECLECTIC VIEW
Man is a piece of everything.
HUMA
NITIES
HUMA
NITIES
HUMA
NITIES 28
30. MEDIEVAL IMAGE
OF THEOCENTRIC MAN
Man is created by God.
Escorial Beatus,
Illuminated Manuscript,
10th Century
Expressions of their beliefs through arts varies from different periods of human existence.
30
32. Michelangelo, The Creation of Man (Sistine Chapel Painting, 1512)
RENAISSANCE IMAGE OF ANTHROPOCENTRIC MAN
The image of man is the image of God. Man is the measure of God.
Expressions of their beliefs through arts varies from different periods of human’s existence.
32
33. HELIOCENTRIC
THEORY: Removed
man from the center
of the universe and
suggested the view
man was special in
the universe.
Copernicus,
On the Revolution
of Celestial Bodies,
1542
Expressions of their beliefs through arts varies from different periods of human’s
existence.
33
34. The Evolution of Man
MODERN IMAGE OF SCIENTIFIC-TECHNOCENTRIC MAN
Man is a part of nature.
34
35. Rembrandt, The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Turf, 1642
MODERN IMAGE OF SCIENTIFIC-TECHNOCENTRIC MAN
The scientist is detached observer of the objectified man.
Expressions of their beliefs through arts varies from different periods of human’s
existence.
35
36. MODERN IMAGE OF SCIENTIFIC-
TECHNOCENTRIC MAN
Man is dehumanized during
the industrial age.
Legaspi
Gadgets
1947
Expressions of their beliefs through arts varies from different periods of human’s
existence.
36
37. POSTMODERN IMAGE OF ECLECTIC MAN
Man is a piece of everything.
Medio Cruz, Poleteismo, from Kulo Exhibit 2011
INSTALLATION ART
Expressions of their beliefs through arts varies from different periods of human’s existence.
37
38. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
HISTORY
Human events happening in the world
LANGUAGE
Written and oral forms of human communication
PHILOSOPHY
Human reason concerning reality
ART
Admiration (ART APPRECIATION) of human-made objects
Human creativity (ART CREATION) by which these objects are made
HUMANISTIC DISCIPLINES is define:
38
39. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
ENGLISH is
called
“art”
LATIN is
called
“ars”
Defines as skillful production
or performance
ETYMOLOGY of the word ART
MAJOR ART
MINOR ART
LIBERAL ART
SERVILE ART
ARTIST
ARTISAN CRAFT
Architect
Sculptor
Stone Cutter
Carpenter
FINE ART
Professional &
Academic Artist
(The study of the sources and development of words)
ART
39
40. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
WESTERN CONCEPT ART
ACADEMIC Only schooled people are artists
Meant for the higher social class
Liberal art and servile art, high and
low art, major art and minor art or
craft, fine art and practical art, folk
art, indigenous art, popular art
ELITIST
HIERARCHICAL
40
41. MAJOR ART
➢ Made by artists and
➢ primarily concerned with the
form of beauty
MINOR ART OR CRAFT
➢ Made by artisans
➢ Concerned with functionality and
usefulness of human-made objects
(artifacts)
WESTERN
CLASSIFICATION OF THE ARTS
41
42. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
THE 7 MAJOR ARTS
IN WESTERN CIVILIZATION
PAINTING
SCULPTURE
ARCHITECTURE
MUSIC
DANCE
DRAMA
LITERATURE
Performing
Visual
Linguistic
42
44. Michelangelo
Painting in the
Ceiling of Sistine
Chapel
1508-1512
Michelangelo took
the credit and was
recognized as the
artist who made
this art and not the
artisans who
helped him during
the time it was
created.
Example of Artist and Artisans:
44
45. Readings
Covar, P. (1992)
De Leon, F. (2015)
Guillermo, B. (2016)
Videos
Usapang Pinoy EPISODE 2: Ang Pagkakakilanlan ng Pagkataong Pilipino.
https://youtu.be/pV6Q9J61AfI
Usapang Pinoy: EPISODE 1 [Kahalagahan, Pinagmulan at Daloy ng Pagkataong Pilipino].
https://youtu.be/60rPA2xErrA
1. Relate the Western Concept of Humanities with the Filipino Notion of
“pagkatao.”
2. Compare and Contrast the Concepts of Art According to Western and
Filipino Thought.
REFERENCES
Lesson 1.3. The Humanities and the Filipino Personhood (Pagkatao)
45
46. Question: Based on the picture illustrations, how do you explain “Madali ang
maging tao; mahirap magpakatao.” 46
47. Ayon kay Covar (1992), “hangarin ng disiplinang antropolohiya na pag-aralan ang likas na tao,
kasama na rito ang pagdalumat (conceive/deep thought) ng pagkataong Pilipino. Di gaya ng
siyensya na may pretensyong panukat na unibersal.
Pagkatao at Katauhan
Ayon pa rin kay Covar, “May kasabihan ang mga Pilipino na: “Madali ang maging tao; mahirap
magpakatao.” Ang pagiging tao ay isang prosesong bayolohikal. Ang pagpapakatao ay naaayon
naman sa prosesong kultural. Ang salitang “tao” ay pangngalan. Ito ay tumatanggap ng iba’t-ibang
panlapi upang makapagsaad ng iba’t-ibang kahulugan. Halimbawa: maka-tao, t-um-ao, tau-han.
Ang ka-tau-han ay nangangahulugan ng “kabasalan ng diwang taglay ng salitang-ugat,” i.e., tao. Sa
Ingles, ang salin ng katauhan ay “humanity.” Ayon kay Miranda, “humanhood.” Dahilan dito, ang
salitang “pagkatao” ay angkop na konsepto bilang “personhood” o pagiging taong Pilipino. Ayon
kay Santiago at Tiangco, ang pagka- “ay tumutukoy sa kalikasan ng tao, hayop o bagay.” Ganito
ang gamit ng pagka- sa pariralang “pagkataong Pilipino,” i.e., Pilipinong tao.”
47
48. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
“HUMANITIES”
LATIN
humanitas
ENGLISH
“humanities”
FILIPINO
?
“pagpapakatao”
Mula sa
“pagkatao”
“tao”
KEY
CONCEPTS
48
49. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
KATAUHAN
Biological:
Born as a human being
Act of being human
“personality”
Cultural:
Becoming a human being
Process of becoming human
“personhood”
“Madaling maging tao; mahirap magpakatao.”
PAGKATAO
“PAGPAPAKATAO”
The process by which one
becomes a human being
COVAR’S FILIPINO ANTHROPOLOGY
49
50. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
How does a human being
become a Filipino?
FILIPINO
PERSONHOOD
Manunggul Jar,
890-710 BC, Tabon
Cave, Palawan
PAGKATAO
can be likened into
a jar like the
50
51. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
THE JAR AND THE
FILIPINO PERSONHOOD
LABAS LOOB
ulo
dibdib
isip
damdamin
LALIM
kaluluwa budhi
Both came
from clay
51
52. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
anito (banal)
LABAS NG PAGKATAO
Katawan (Physical)
kulay ng balat (maputi, maitim)
tindig (matangkad, andak)
ilong (matangos, pango)
dibdib (malapad, malaki)
LOOB NG PAGKATAO
Kalooban (Intellectual,
Emotional and Moral)
isip (matalino)
ugali, asal (mabuti)
LALIM NG PAGKATAO
Kaluluwa (Espiritual)
52
53. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
NON-DUALISTIC RELATION OF TERMS
LABAS LOOB
malapad ng noo matalino
salubong ang kilay matapang o galit
malagkit ang tingin umiibig
maduming bibig masamang magsalita
LALIM
malinis ang kaluluwa matuwid ang budhi
53
54. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
NON-DUALISTIC RELATION IN
FILIPINO PSYCHOLOGY
LABAS LOOB
hipo dama
pigil timpi
dinig ulinig
tawa tuwa
saya ligaya
sarap ginhawa
54
55. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
THE “HUMANITIES”
IN FILIPINO CONCEPT
“PAGPAPAKATAO”
The process how a
human being becomes
a Filipino
FILIPINO
In the study of Humanities, as Pagpapakatao,
the students would discover and realize their
own identity as a Filipino.
ART
55
56. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
.
Filipe del Leon Jr. (2011)
“Defining the Filipino through the Arts”
CULTURAL IDENTITY
“The worldview and values, beliefs systems,
knowledge, skills and practices, core principles
and ideas shared by a society”
FILIPINO
“Cultural identity is a sine qua non for
becoming active in the world… a source of social
empowerment. Rob a people of their identity
and they become passive, lost, indolent,
uncreative and unproductive.” 56
57. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
Pre-Colonial Period
(Before 1500’s)
“The first objective of a colonizing power is to erase
the cultural memory of the conquered people, to
induce a collective amnesia about their past and
supplant it with the culture of the colonizers. In this
lie the roots of Filipino derivativeness and inferiority
complex vis-a-vis the West.”
Colonial Period
(1500-1950)
Post-Colonial Period
(1950 onwards)
Had our own cultural identity
Our identity destroyed by colonizers:
Westernization of Filipino Culture
making us alienated from our own
Reclamation, affirmation and definition
of our identify in our own terms
57
58. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
1. Alienation from Community
2. Alienation from Our Sources of Cultural Energy: Thinking
in Borrowed Forms and the Economics of Dependency
3. Alienation from Our Race: The Doña Victorina Syndrome:
4. Alienation from the Indigenous: Denigrating the Local
5. Alienation from the Land
6. Alienation from Being Filipino
7. Alienation from Sustainable Living
FORMS OF ALIENATION CAUSED BY
WESTERNIZATION OF FILIPINO CULTURE
WESTERN
CULTURE
(Standard)
FILIPINO
CULTURE
(Subordinated)
58
59. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
1. Heightening social consciousness and sense of responsibility to the
nation.
2. Promoting people participation, local genius, and cultural diversity.
3. Promoting the local but thinking national or global: human
communities, not the state, are the ultimate actors in the
development process
4. Integrating the arts to social and cultural phenomena as lucid
mirrors of social consciousness.
Some Recommendations for Developing
a Filipino and Humanistic Perspective
OTHER
CULTURES
FILIPINO
CULTURE
(Standard)
59
60. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
1. Integration of the arts with other values and functions
2. Unity of the arts
3. Art is integrated with everyday life and not regarded
as a separate activity.
4. Equality of opportunity for participation in the artistic
and creative process.
5. Flexibility of material, technical, and formal
requirements
6. Use of available resources for artistic creation
7. Emphasis on the creative process rather than the
finished product
8. Simultaneity of conception and realization
THE COMMUNAL CHARACTER OF PHILIPPINE
TRADITIONAL CULTURES AS REFLECTED IN THE ARTS
60
61. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
BECOMING FILIPINO THROUGH THE ARTS:
The Process of Pagpapakatao
“The arts can provide us the most vivid
images of social relations and cultural
values. They are perhaps the most lucid
symbols of a people’s quality of being or
consciousness. Contemplating the arts is
like reflecting on the psychic template of
an artist or a cultural community.”
FILIPINO
ARTS
61
62. Readings
Covar, P. (1992)
De Leon, F. (2015)
Videos
Xiao Time. (2014). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3i8muLe9vss
Damian Domingo: Primer Pintor Filipino (2010). https://youtu.be/m1sPyGbz6T8
Dayaw. (2015). https://youtu.be/MUeZuGfUUuo?list=PLEU-B_4w9FJNJ5IdRPItU-U4jl9E_2XN5
Dayaw. (2015). https://youtu.be/rMSRrn1p_V4?list=PLEU-B_4w9FJNJ5IdRPItU-U4jl9E_2XN5
Dayaw. (2015). https://youtu.be/kW6DU9IOe74?list=PLEU-B_4w9FJNJ5IdRPItU-U4jl9E_2XN5
TUKLAS: Sining Saysay - Philippine History in Art. (2018).https://youtu.be/ZN75VyLipIU
Preserving the Uniqueness of Philippine Culture. (2018).https://youtu.be/z1gfrrevD1A
1. Discover the Filipino Identity through the Arts.
2. Apply the Filipino Sense of Art in the Appreciation of Art.
REFERENCES
Lesson 1.4. The Filipino Concept of Art
62
63. We are a nation of possibilities. Filipinos are
generally innovative, strategic and imaginative.
Together with our innate adaptability, we can
adjust to any situation, make use of resources at
hand, and create something from nothing.
Amidst natural disasters, Filipinos are strong-
spirited people who continue to brave each
storm hand in hand. Whatever situation we are
in, we rise as one nation. Filipino Pride, as they
say, is "May angas. May yabang."
Ginebra San Miguel, also once
known as La Tondeña
Distillers, Inc. has become,
through the years, an iconic
fixture in the Filipino’s culture
of celebration, camaraderie
and tenacity.
Proudly Pinoy
63
64. The phrase “Only in the Philippines” can be read in various ways – as an expression of pride in
what we feel are activities, attitudes, and aspirations that are uniquely Filipino; yet also as an
expression of frustration and exasperation about systems and situations that we know are corrupt,
unjust, or simply not good enough.
The answers have come in all shapes and colors. They come in the vibrant hues of parols that
point to our fascinating way of celebrating Christmas – over four months, starting in September; in the
curious ways we turn our plates when somebody leaves the table before one is finished with his or her
meal; in the image of a boxer as national hero who could, if imagination and votes meet, be the
country’s next president.
Good or bad, major or minor, these images collectively afford us a glimpse into the richness and
diversity of our culture. They also assure us that pride and frustration are not mutually exclusive
feelings toward our country and ourselves. Rather, they are two sides of the same coin; and both are
necessary elements to motivate us in steering our nation into a brighter, peaceful, and just future.
“ONLY IN THE PHILIPPINES”
64
66. Son of Chinese immigrants converted to
Christianity, but thought to be a noble Spanish
descent by the Spaniards so that they
commissioned him to paint
Engaged by a merchant to paint, in miniaturismo
style, albums of people wearing their daily
costumes
Had a vision of making art more accessible to
the Filipinos (Indios)
Founded the first Art School in the Philippines
Escuela Dibujo y Pintura in Tondo Manila in
1821
His patron was Sociedad Economica de los
Amigos del Pais
Professor and Director of the Philippine Art
Academy. The academy was closed after his
death producing Filipino artists trained in
Western artistic tradition
DAMIAN
DOMINGO
(1796-1834)
FATHER OF PHILIPPINE
PAINTING
Video 1.2.
EXAMPLES OF RENOWN FILIPINO ARTISTS
https://www.
youtube.com
/watch?v=3i8
muLe9vss
https://youtu.
be/m1sPyGb
z6T8 66
68. JUAN LUNA (1857-1899)
Bachelor of Arts Degree, Ateneo Municipal de
Manila. Enrolled in Academy of Fine Arts, Manila
Went to Europe in 1877, and studied in Escuela de
Bellas Artes de San Fernando
Won gold medal in Exposicion Nacional de Bellas
Artes in 1884 for Spoliarium
Commissioned by Spanish government to do
paintings like La Batalla de Lepanto and El Pacto de
Sangre
Arrested for murdering his wife and mother-in-law,
but was acquitted on grounds of crime of passion.
ACADEMIC
WESTERNIZED
FILIPINO
PAINTER
68
69. Juan Luna, Spoliarium,
1884, Gold Medal,
Exposicion Nacional
NEOCLASSICAL
STYLE
Felix R. Hidalgo, Las
Virgines Cristiana
espuestas al population,
1884, Silver Medal,
Exposicion Nacional
69
70. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
RIZAL’S
SPEECH
“…. In the history of mankind there are names which in
themselves signify an achievement…. To such belong the
names of Luna and Hidalgo: their splendor illuminates two
extremes of the globe-the Orient and the Occident, Spain
and the Philippines. As I utter them, I seem to see two
luminous arches that rise from either region to blend there
on high…to unite two peoples with eternal bonds; two
peoples whom the seas and space vainly separate; two
peoples among whom do not germinate the seeds of
disunion blindly sown by men and their despotism. Luna
and Hidalgo are the pride of Spain as of the Philippines-
though born in the Philippines, they might have been born
in Spain, for genius has no country; genius bursts forth
everywhere….”
Winning the exposition had proven that Filipinos were equal with the
Spaniards, so that the Filipinos deserve the recognition of other people in the
world with equal dignity and respect.
70
71. Luna,
España y
Filipinas
1886
One positive way of looking at Filipino
identity in the arts is to see Philippine
Art as integrated in Western Art, and
these two traditions are uniting and
harmonizing with one another.
Philippine
Art
Western
Art
71
74. Tinalak, Tiboli Art
Examples of Filipino Indigenous Arts Embedded in our Culture
Basey, Art of Colorful Mats from
Samar-Leyte
Pastillas, Wrapper Art of
Pampanga and Bulacan
Vinta, Badjao Art Sarimanok Design
Maranao Art
Okir, Maranao Art
74
75. Torogan, Maranao Art Maranao Brassware Art Burnay Jars of Ilocos
PASIKING, Ifugao Native Backpack
Ling Ling O,
Art of the Cordillera Group
Bulul, Igorot Art
75
76. COLORFUL ARTS
made of capiz shells
with twikling light design PAHIYAS, ART OF LUCBAN QUEZON Taka Art of Paete, Laguna
JEEPNEY ART THE COLORFUL ART OF THE
PHILIPPINE KALESA
THE COLORFUL ART OF TRICYCLE DESIGN
76
77. COLORFUL PHILIPPINE ICE CREAM CART Laji of the Ivatan is literature and music
Pasyon is literature, and pabasa is music Senakulo is a theater art 77
78. “dayaw”
Binisaya word
that means
good, valuable,
superior or
beautiful
Video 1.3
https://youtu.be/MU
eZuGfUUuo?list=P
LEU-
B_4w9FJNJ5IdRPIt
U-U4jl9E_2XN5
https://youtu.be/rM
SRrn1p_V4?list=PL
EU-
B_4w9FJNJ5IdRPIt
U-U4jl9E_2XN5
https://youtu.be/kW
6DU9IOe74?list=P
LEU-
B_4w9FJNJ5IdRPIt
U-U4jl9E_2XN5
https://yout
u.be/ZN75
VyLipIU
https://yout
u.be/z1gfrr
evD1A
78
79. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
FILIPINO
“The principle of cultural identity does not mean
that cultures cannot be criticized. If all cultures
on earth are to survive, most of them have to
change some of their beliefs and practices in
order to become compatible with one another”
(Felipe, 2011).
WESTERN
The Philippine culture has to be dynamic in its
relation with other cultures in the world. By
harmonizing the Western and the Filipino
concepts of art and its practice, a truly
Philippine identity in the arts would emerge out
of the shared cultural universe, not only of our
own people, but of the humanity as a whole.
IDENTITY
79
80. 1. In the concept of Filipino “Pagkatao” what cultural influence do you find
relevant to showcase the Philippine culture in the global community?
(Lesson 1.3)
1. Based on this module activity, do you find Filipino craftsmanship a world
class art? Explain
1. How does technology affect what it means to be human? (Lesson 1.1)
2. How do the humanities help us imagine the future? (Lesson 1.1)
Instructions: The answer to each question should have at least a minimum of 50 words.
Assessment
Analysis
Reflection
80
81. RUBRICS FOR GRADING
CRITERIA
EXCELLENT
(10 PTS)
ABOVE AVERAGE
(8 PTS)
AVERAGE
(6 PTS)
BELOW AVERAGE
(4 PTS)
POOR
(2 PT)
ANALYSIS:
Creativity and
uniqueness
Uniqueness of idea
is thorough,
informative, and
demonstrates
significant effort.
Uniqueness of idea
is informative and
well thought.
Uniqueness of idea
is present, but some
details
missing/incorrect.
Minimal detail
provided, needs
improvement.
Absolute minimal
effort.
ASSESSMENT:
Clarity: Message is
clearly addressed
Message is
thorough,
informative, and
demonstrates
significant effort.
Message is
informative and
well thought.
Message is present,
but some details
missing/incorrect.
Minimal detail
provided, needs
improvement.
Absolute minimal
effort.
REFLECTIONS:
Impact: The idea is
relevant to present
situation
The relevance is
thorough,
informative, and
demonstrates
significant effort.
The relevance is
informative and
well thought.
The relevance is
present, but some
details
missing/incorrect.
Minimal detail
provided, needs
improvement.
Absolute minimal
effort.
81
82. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
a. Individual activity: Along the sidewalks or local shops, find a native Philippine
product (work of art) such as basket, bracelet, hut, rags, textile, sandals, etc.
b. Make a documentation of the artifact: Where did you buy it? How much? What
is its local name? What is it made of? Its color, size? Other information?
c. Write a one-paragraph essay answering the question: How does the product or
artifact express the Filipino concept of art?
d. Use the paper provided for this activity.
Module 1
82
83. ART APPRECIATION ACTIVITY 1
NAME:
Course/Section/time:
Date:
A. Description of the artwork, product or artifact
Name or term:
Color:
Composition:
Dimensions:
Other information:
B. ESSAY: How does this product or artifact express the Filipino concept of
Art? (minimum of 5 sentences)
Picture
83
84. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
RUBRICS FOR ACTIVITY 1
CRITERIA
Excellent
(16-20 points)
Good
(11-15 points)
Fair
(6-10 points)
Needs Improvement
(1-5)
Documentation
Documentation
of the artifact is complete.
Some elements are
lacking in the
documentation.
Many elements are
lacking in the
documentation
There is no
documentation
at all
Content and
Substance
The essay answers the
question completely and
correctly.
The essay partially
answers the question
correctly.
A large part of the essay
incorrectly answer the
question.
The essay does not
answer the question
at all.
Language and
Comprehension
The essay abides with
all the rules of language,
and it is easily
understood.
The essay is understood
although there are some
mistakes in language
There are many mistakes
in language, and the
essay is hard to
understand.
The essay has many
mistakes in language,
and it is totally not
understood.
84
