This document contains a list of different metal melting techniques including cupola melting, electric arc melting, crucible melting, air furnace melting, induction melting, and open heart melting. It also lists various metal casting defects such as scabs, blowholes, hard spots, cold shuts, displaced cores, fins, cracks, and center-line shrinkage that are demonstrated in a video. Links to video examples of the melting techniques and defects are provided.