PowerPoint presentation for the event: 'Open Access: how to access millions of free research articles'. The handout accompanying these slides can be found at https://www.slideshare.net/ElanorMalcolmson/241018-open-access-how-to-access-millions-of-free-research-articles-cc-bync-127748964.

1. Open Access:
how to access
millions of free
research articles
Mrs Elle Malcolmson

2. Welcome
Introductions:
Mrs Elle Malcolmson
Dr Miriam Grossi
Dr Holly Ranger
Housekeeping:
Fire alarm
Bathrooms
Information pack
Part of International Open Access Week 2018:
Designing Equitable Foundations for Open Knowledge
Welcome to everyone:
Who are you, where are you from and what are your research interests
(subjects/keywords)?

3. Objectives
• Learn about open access
• Access free research with green open access
• Access free research with gold open access

4. Looking for research
 I know what I want and where to find it
 I saw an article of interest when reading another article
 I’m interested in a general topic and would like to browse
 I’ve got a specific area I’m interested in
 I’ve got no idea and I’m looking for inspiration
 I’ve got a specific research question in mind
 Now I’ve found it, can I access it (for free)?

5. What is open
access?

6. Paywalls
• Often you need to overcome a paywall so that you can access research (login, rent or
buy)
• Much research is publicly funded, why should we pay to access it?
• Paywalls are inconsistent between and within journals, which can be confusing
• Paywalls may not be visible:
• Institutional subscriptions
• Professional subscriptions
• Access to Research initiative
• Open access journal
• Open access article in a hybrid journal
• Free on the journal webpage
Why do paywalls exist and how does open access fit in?

7. Research and publishing
 Researchers carry out their research
 Researchers write up their research
 Researchers share their research
Enter the publishers:
• Manage the peer-review process
• Type-setting for publication
• Publish the research so others can read it
Publishing therefore involves costs.
Copyright: HEFCE, reproduced from 4.1 of
webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20180319121229/http://www.hefce.ac.uk/rsrch/oa/FAQ
as the diagram shown is dedicated to the public domain for open reuse.

8. How publishing has changed with the internet (along came open access)
• Publishing moved from paper to online
• Increased speed and volume of publishing
• Institutional subscriptions now used to access content online via logins (reader pays)
• Newer publishing model where research is free to access online (author pays)
• Research is much easier to find (keywords, search engines, DOI’s, hyperlinks,
electronic databases)
• The term ‘open access’ was created in 2002 at the Budapest Open Access Initiative -
two principles to provide free and unrestricted access to research:
• Self-archiving (went on to become green open access)
• Open access journals (went on to become gold open access)

9. Green open access (the antidote to a paywall)
In essence, green open access is access to research where a copy of an AAM is
deposited into a repository (self-archiving) and is often subject to an embargo period.
AAM - Author’s Accepted Manuscript (or other version if permitted)
Repository - online storage system which can be institutional or subject/discipline
Embargo period - ranging from zero months to five+ years, typically six to 24 months,
length set by the publisher, AAM can’t be made available during embargo period (‘under
embargo’)

10. Examples of repositories (green open access and
metadata)
Freely available with green open access.
Copyright: University of Nottingham, reproduced from nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/865634
in accordance with s. 32 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988
Under embargo with green open access.
Copyright: University of Southampton, reproduced from eprints.soton.ac.uk/423055
in accordance with s. 32 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988
Nothing deposited, metadata record, not green
open access
Copyright: Cardiff University, reproduced from orca.cf.ac.uk/69916 in accordance
with s. 32 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988
Not a repository, metadata record, not green open access
Copyright: National Library of Medicine, reproduced from ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30292959
in accordance with s. 32 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988

11. Gold open access
In essence, gold open access is access to research where the research is freely and
permanently available on a journal webpage (with reuse rights).
The author pays for the article to be free to access for all readers, usually by paying an
APC (Article Processing Charge). The cost can range from 0 to 5000+ EUR/USD/GBP.
Creative Commons licenses are often applied to research in open access journals,
meaning reuse rights are much simpler and clearer.
Significant increase in the number of open access journals
from 1993 to 2009.
Currently 12,192 journals listed in
DOAJ (as of 21st October 2018).
Copyright: Wikipaedia, reproduced from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_open_access#Growth
under the terms of a CC BY-SA license.

12. Hybrid journals
Hybrid journals publish under a subscription model (paywalls to access the research)
although they also allow individual articles to be published open access (freely available
on the website).
Hybrid journals offer a combination of the gold and green routes to open access.

13. How to access
millions of free
research articles
Gold and green open access in practice

14. Activity 1 - Paywall or open access?
Are these four articles gold open access or inaccessible behind a paywall?
Entering the four DOI’s below (starting 10.1…) at dx.doi.org, find each article
online. Which of these articles has a paywall and which are (gold) open
access?
1. 10.1016/j.compedu.2017.01.011 - Closing the gap: efficacy of a tablet intervention to
support the development of early mathematical skills in UK primary school children
2. 10.1111/gcb.14003 - Human dissemination of genes and microorganisms in Earth's Critical
Zone
3. 10.18849/ve.v3i2.155 - In adult dogs, does feeding a raw food diet increase the risk of
urinary calculi formation compared to feeding a complete dry kibble diet?
4. 10.1136/vr.104501 - Quantitative analysis of antibiotic usage in British sheep flocks

15. Activity 2 - Which are green open access?
Using your search engine of preference, search using the article title, and decide
which article is:
• freely available in a repository
• under embargo in a repository
• a metadata only record in a repository
(Ignore any links to Researchgate!)
1. Human dissemination of genes and microorganisms in Earth's Critical Zone - 10.1111/gcb.14003
2. Quantitative analysis of antibiotic usage in British sheep flocks - 10.1136/vr.104501
3. Suspension design, modeling, and testing of a thermo-acoustic driven linear alternator -
10.1115/1.4038270

16. Activity 3 - The Open Access Button
Using the Open Access Button at openaccessbutton.org, which of these articles
returns a result link to access the article (use article title or DOI)?
1. 10.1111/gcb.14003 - Human dissemination of genes and microorganisms in Earth's Critical
Zone
2. 10.1136/vr.104501 - Quantitative analysis of antibiotic usage in British sheep flocks
3. 10.1115/1.4038270 - Suspension design, modeling, and testing of a thermo-acoustic driven
linear alternator

17. Activity 4 - Part 1 - Searching in Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Navigate to doaj.org and then select [Advanced Search].
For questions 1, 2 and 3, pick an answer from: (a) 1 – 100 (b) 101 – 1000 or (c) 1000+
1. Limiting your search to journals using the filters on the left side, how many journals contain the
word education (using the search terms filter at the top) in their title?
2. Limiting your search to the subject of Psychology using the filters on the left side, what is the
total number of journals and articles (combined) available?
3. Narrowing your search from the above question to include neuroscience using the filter
keywords at the top, what is the total number of journals and articles (combined) available?
4. Starting with no filters applied, what happens if you narrow your search to journals using the
filters on the left side and search for physics using the filter Article: Abstract? at the top?

18. Activity 4 - Part 2 - Research of interest for you from DOAJ
1. Find two journals of interest for either yourself and/or a friend/colleague. Then visit the journal
webpage and try to access a couple of articles at random.
2. Find at least two articles of interest for either yourself and/or a friend/colleague. Then try to
access the articles.

19. Activity 5 - Part 1 - Searching in CORE
Navigate to core.ac.uk. Enter a search term of interest into the search box and
hit the Search button to navigate to Advanced Search.
Answer the following questions:
1. Can you search by journal name?
2. Can you search by publisher name?
3. Can you search for keywords in the abstract by itself?
4. Using a method of your choice, check that 10.1177/2050313X18784823 (Septic pulmonary
emboli causing recurrent bilateral pneumothoraces in a patient with right sided endocarditis: A
case report and review of literature) is open access at the journal.
a) What happens if you search for all of the words in the title with the entire article name,
copied directly from the article webpage?
b) What happens if you do the same search and instead only use the first part of the article
name (stopping at the colon), copied directly from the article webpage (Septic pulmonary
emboli causing recurrent bilateral pneumothoraces in a patient with right sided
endocarditis)?

20. Activity 5 - Part 2 - Research of interest for you from CORE
Find an article of interest to you by searching with keywords of your choice:
1. In the article title
2. In the abstract and title
3. Anywhere in the article

21. Open Data
In essence, open data is research data that is freely available to reuse, as long as it’s attributed to
the author. Research data can include all kinds of data.
Data can be available from:
• Repositories (institutional, discipline/subject or multi-disciplinary)
• Data journals
• Links in research articles
Data repositories can be searched by discipline, subject area or keywords.
doi.org/10.15131/shef.data.4110156.v5
Data could be re-used in new ways or combined with other data.

22. Quiz!
How much have you learnt?

23. Let’s Kahoot!
play.kahoot.it/#/k/803bdd59-e066-4a0a-9dea-3493e1e20e05
Go to: kahoot.it
1. Login with the pin shown onscreen shortly
2. Pick a name (no naughty names!) either your own name or an alias
3. Questions will be shown onscreen, the answer selection is on your device
4. The faster you answer the more points you score for a correct answer
5. There may be one or more than one correct answer (you can only pick one answer)
Good luck!

24. Time to wrap things
up

25. Objectives
 Learn about open access (publishing models, research and publishing,
gold open access, green open access)
 Access free research with green open access (search engine, Open
Access Button, CORE)
 Access free research with gold open access (DOAJ)

26. Designing Equitable Foundations for Open Knowledge
• Slides and handouts will be published online:
• We’ll email and let you know when
• We welcome you to share these resources with others
• Internal and external audience
• Students
• Staff
• Teachers:
• Own use
• Use with students
• Your thoughts?

27. Feedback
• We would love to hear your feedback:
http://bit.ly/LibraryResearchFeedba
ck
Jørgen Stamp http://www.digitalbevaring.dk/ (CC-BY)

28. Any questions?

29. Acknowledgements
With thanks to:
• Miriam and Holly
• Research Support Team
• Colleagues who helped with marketing this event externally
• Organisations featured in this session supporting open access
• You!

30. It’s the end of the
(paywall) world as
we know it
The future’s bright, the future’s Open