Air and Noise Pollution.pdf

Air and Noise Pollution
Air Pollution
Air pollution is essentially the existence of an excessive amount
of harmful substances that are present in the atmosphere of
the earth. One of the primary sources of air pollution is specific
gases like ammonia, carbon monoxide, methane, and CFC
amongst others. Air pollution can be described as a
modification in the air quality which is characterised by
biological or physical pollutants, and chemical measurements in
the air. It is the rise in the proportion of some specific
constituents or the presence of impurities in the atmosphere.
Causes of Air Pollution
Air pollution is majorly caused by the presence of toxic
substances in the atmosphere and it is largely produced by
human activities. Air pollution can also be caused sometimes by
natural phenomena like dust storms, wildfires, and volcanic
eruptions deteriorating air quality.
Sources of Air Pollution
There are various sources of air pollution. They are as follows.
Emission from Industries and Factories: The factories and
industries release massive amounts of carbon monoxide,
hydrocarbons, chemicals plus other organic compounds in
the air that results in the contamination of the air.

Fossil Fuel Combustion: Fossil fuels like coal and oil are
combusted for electricity and transportation on road
produces air pollutants such as nitrogen and sulphur
di-oxide.
Waste Production: It is usually caused by methane
generation in landfills.
Agricultural Activities: The fertilisers, insecticides, and
pesticides are utilized for agricultural activities that can
emit harmful chemicals in the environment.
Types of Air Pollution
The types of air pollution can be mainly divided into natural
sources and artificial sources.
Natural Sources: The natural sources of air pollution are
chemicals like sulphur, ash, and chlorine which is released from
volcanic eruptions, fires in the forest, methane combustion
caused by animal digestion such as cattle.
Human-made Sources: The main reason behind artificial
sources contributing to air pollution is due to the combustion
of some specific fuels. The majority of industrial sources burn

fuel using heating devices and the waste gets into the air. The
major human-made sources of air pollution are free sources
such as automobiles, planes, and water transportation.
Consequences of Air Pollution
Effects on the environment: Air pollution has a big impact
on plant evolution as it prevents photosynthesis in various
cases. It also has an impact on air purification and can
lead to acid rain, snow, fog, and frost which are mainly
caused by the combustion of fossil fuels.
Global warming: Global warming is mainly caused by
climate change. The presence of greenhouse gases
provides benefits to the planet however the
concentration of these gases in excess amounts results in
climate change and global warming.
Impact on human health: Air pollutants cause severe
health risks even when they are present in small
quantities. The main causes of the air pollutants are
mercury, lead, benzene, and dioxins.
Prevention of Air Pollution
There are various ways in which we can control and stop air
pollution. We can use clean and renewable fuel sources for
energy production. Conservation of energy is another
important concept in the prevention of air pollution.
Eco-friendly transportation in the form of hydrogen and electric

vehicles is an effective way of reducing pollution. And finally,
the construction of green buildings gives structures that are
resource-efficient plus responsible for reducing the carbon
footprint.
Air Pollution Control
Air Pollution Definition
Air pollution means contamination of air, water, or soil by any
substance that is harmful to live organisms. It’s like an
introduction or release of a toxic substance into the
environment, that can harm the elements in the environment.
The pollution can take place because of natural (such as
volcanic eruption), and man-made reasons. But nowadays, it’s
man-made reasons that are causing more pollution than
natural ones. From the increasing number of vehicles to
ever-growing industrial wastages in the form of air or water,
each contributes to air pollution in some way.
What is Air Pollution?
The air pollution definition says that when any physical,
chemical, or biological change takes place in the air and
contaminates it, then it is called air pollution. The
contamination of air can be caused due to many factors such as
poisonous or harmful gases, smoke, fog, smog, dust, etc. air
pollution affects both plants as well as animals.
Types of Air Pollutants
The air pollutants are divided into primary and secondary
pollutants. Pollutants are those substances that cause air
pollution.

Primary Pollutants:
The primary pollutants responsible for air pollution are the
ones that directly cause air pollution. These include harmful
gases such as sulfur dioxide coming from the factories. Primary
pollutants are those that are produced as a direct result of the
process. Sulfur dioxide, generated by factories, is a classic
example of a primary pollutant.
Secondary Pollutants:
The secondary pollutants are formed by the process of
intermixing or intermingling of primary pollutants. Smog, which
is a combination of fog and smoke, is a secondary pollutant.
Causes of Air Pollution:
To prevent the pollution of air around, you have to understand
the causes of air pollution at first. The main causes are –
Burning of Fossil Fuels:
Fossil fuel emits harmful gases such as sulfur dioxide and
carbon monoxide into the air. One of the biggest causes of air
pollution is sulfur dioxide, which is emitted through the
combustion of fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum for energy in
power plants, and other industry combustibles.

Automobiles:
The emission of harmful gases is caused by the excessive use of
automobiles.
Agricultural Activities:
Various processes take place during agricultural activities such
as the emission of ammonia, overuse of insecticides, pesticides,
and fertilizers. Ammonia is a typical byproduct of agriculture
and one of the most dangerous gases in the atmosphere.
Insecticides, pesticides, and fertilizers have all become
increasingly common in agricultural practices. They release
hazardous chemicals into the atmosphere and can pollute
water.
Farmers also set fire to the fields and old crops to clear them
up for the new cycle of sowing. According to reports, burning to
clean up fields pollutes the air by emitting toxic pollutants.
Factories and Industries:
Emission of harmful gases and chemicals into the air by the
increasing industrial activities. Manufacturing companies emit a
significant amount of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, organic
compounds, and chemicals into the air, lowering air quality.
Manufacturing industries may be found in every corner of the
globe, and no region has escaped their influence. Petroleum

refineries also emit hydrocarbons and a variety of other
pollutants, which damage the air and soil.
Mining Activities:
Increasing emission of harmful substances through mining
activities. Mining is the extraction of minerals from under the
earth's surface utilizing heavy machinery. Dust and chemicals
are released into the air throughout the process, resulting in
significant air pollution.
This is one of the factors contributing to the deteriorating
health of workers and inhabitants in the area.
Domestic Resources:
Effects of domestic sources such as the use of chemical paints
and overuse of air conditioners. Household cleaning products
and painting supplies release hazardous chemicals into the air,
polluting the environment. Have you ever observed that when
you paint your house's walls, it emits a noxious odor that
makes it nearly impossible to breathe?
Another source of pollution is suspended particle matter,
sometimes known as SPM. SPM refers to the particles that float
in the air and is typically caused by dust, combustion, and other
factors.

Diseases caused by air pollution:
Air Pollution can lead to increasing diseases like throat
infections and lung cancer in humans. Every year, diseases
related to air pollution kill and hospitalize millions of people.
According to World Health Organization estimates, one out of
every eight fatalities worldwide is caused by conditions related
to air pollution. New research has found significant correlations
between the development of respiratory and cardiovascular
disorders and both outdoor and indoor air pollution. Ischemic
heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD), lung cancer, and acute lower respiratory infections in
children are among the most prevalent diseases induced by air
pollution.
"Ischemic heart disease, or coronary heart disease," adds Kevin
Wood, Vice President Sales & Marketing at Camfil USA, "is
connected to the deposition of calcium or other materials like
fat within the coronary artery." "This causes blockages,
preventing blood from reaching the heart and other vital
organs." According to new research, air pollution hastens the
occlusion of arteries, increasing the risk of ischemic heart
disease."
Effects of Air Pollution:
The air pollution information shows that increasing air pollution
can have an adverse effect on plants, animals, and humans.
Global warming
Air Pollution can increase the amount of global warming as the
temperature of the earth will keep rising with the emission of
harmful gases. With rising global temperatures, rising sea levels,
melting ice from colder places and icebergs, relocation, and

habitat loss, an imminent crisis has already been signaled if
preservation and normalization measures are not done soon.
Acid rain
When water droplets combine with harmful chemicals and
pollutants, it will lead to acid rain. When fossil fuels are burned,
harmful chemicals such as nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides are
emitted into the environment. When it rains, the water
droplets interact with the contaminants in the air, becoming
acidic and falling to the earth as acid rain. Acid rain has the
potential to harm humans, animals, and agriculture.
Ozone layer Depletion
All this will eventually lead to depletion of the ozone layer that
protects us from harmful UV sun rays. The presence of
chlorofluorocarbons and hydrochlorofluorocarbons in the
atmosphere is degrading the ozone layer on Earth.
As the ozone layer thins, damaging rays are emitted back to
Earth, potentially causing skin and eye problems. UV rays have
the power to harm crops as well.
Thus, we have to work on the prevention of air pollution.
Effects on Animals
Increasing air pollution affects animals and aquatic life, leading
them to stray and wander for food. Many of the animals are on
the verge of extinction because of this. Animals, sometimes
known as wildlife, are particularly vulnerable to the effects of

air pollution. Acid rain, heavy metals, persistent organic
pollutants (POPs), and other harmful compounds are all
pollution concerns.
Insects, worms, clams, fish, birds, and mammals all have
diverse ways of interacting with their surroundings. As a result,
each animal's exposure to and vulnerability to the effects of air
pollution is unique.
Air pollution has two major effects on wildlife.
It has an impact on the area or habitat in which they reside, as
well as the food supply's availability and quality.
It is not easy to control air pollution, but it will require some
simple steps like:
Avoid Using Vehicles
Prefer using public transport as it will reduce the emission of
CO into the air. The availability of carpools can help in the
reduction of vehicles which in turn reduces pollution. Prefer
walking or cycling to nearby places and many such.
Energy Conservation
Use energy-efficient electrical devices at the workplace and
home place. You can keep your lights switched off when not in
use. The electrical appliances should be checked on a regular
notice period so that it won’t affect the conservation.

Use of Clean Energy Resources
It will help to reduce the pollution level. Instead of using fossil
fuels, we can use natural resources to produce energy like Solar
Energy, Wind Energy, etc.
By decreasing and eliminating the usage of fire and fire-related
items.
Because industrial emissions are one of the leading causes of
air pollution, the pollutants can be reduced by controlling or
treating them at the source. If a given raw material's reactions
produce a pollutant, for example, the raw materials can be
replaced with less harmful materials.
Another method of reducing pollution is to use different fuels.
CNG – Compressed Natural Gas–powered vehicles are
replacing petrol and diesel vehicles in many parts of India.
Vehicles that aren't fully equipped with optimal emission
engines are the most likely to use these.
Although India has a number of practices aimed at improving
air quality, most of them have been forgotten or are not well
implemented. There are still many automobiles on the road
that haven't had their emissions tested.
Pollution is one of the greatest problems the world is facing
today. Anything that leads to the contamination of natural
environments like land, air, water, and so on can be termed as
pollution. Pollution can cause a greater threat to the

environment which can affect the lives of animals and plants in
a harmful way. There is land pollution, air pollution, water
pollution, etc.
Pollution is defined as anything that causes the contamination
of the environment. Pollution occurs when harmful substances
are introduced into the environment. We can divide the
pollution into different types of pollution depending upon the
environment in which pollution occurs. The different types of
pollution are air pollution, water pollution, land pollution, and
so on. The substance which causes pollution is called pollutants.
These pollutants can be harmful chemicals, gases, or even solid
substances like plastic, etc. The prevention of any kind of
pollution is possible if we can identify the pollutants that are
polluting the environment. If we could find a way to stop these
pollutants from reaching the environment.
Air Pollution
Air pollution is the contamination of the earth’s atmosphere
due to the presence of harmful substances in the air. Air
pollution consists of chemicals or particles in the atmosphere
that causes serious health or environmental threats
It is a misconception that air pollution is caused only by human
activities. Not only through human activity, but air pollution can
also occur through natural processes. Well, there is some air
pollution that comes from natural sources like volcanic
eruptions, wildfires, or substances that can cause allergic
reactions. But most air pollution occurs from human activities.
There are different types of human-made pollution.

Emission of Greenhouse Gases
When we burn fossil fuels, it produces heat energy along with
byproducts. Some of the byproducts can act as pollutants. They
release greenhouse gases into the air. These emissions like
carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide, and fluorinated
gases trap the heat coming from the sun in the earth’s
atmosphere. This leads to a rise in the temperature of the
atmosphere all over the place. This rise in global temperature
creates cycles of air pollution that contribute to climate change.
These climate changes produce a rise in temperature. This
higher temperature in turn magnifies some types of air
pollution. For example, climate changes increase smog because
smog is formed in the presence of high temperatures and
increased levels of ultraviolet radiation. The most frequent
extreme weather condition such as flooding contributes to
damp conditions therefore a rise in mold. The formation of
molds can cause a variety of health problems when we are
exposed to them. Warmer weather also leads to long pollen
seasons. This leads to more production of pollen which is
considered an allergen.
Formation of Smog
The word smog arises from combining the words smoke and
fog. Smog is formed when the smoke arising from the burning
of coal combines with the moisture in the atmosphere. Smog is
a type of air pollution that reduces visibility by the formation of
a yellow-brownish screen. Smog can cause some serious health
problems.
There are two types of smog, namely sulphurous fog, and
photochemical smog. Sulphurous smogs are caused due to the
burning of sulphur bearing fossil fuels such as coal and the
formation of sulphur oxides. The photochemical smog is

formed due to the chemical reaction between the sunlight,
nitrous oxide, and volatile organic compounds. Nitrous oxide is
produced in the atmosphere by car exhaust, coal power plants,
and factory emissions. But in the case of nonvolatile organic
compounds, it reaches the atmosphere from petroleum
products, paints, and many cleaning solvents.
In some countries, smog gives a very poor vision such that it
makes it very difficult for the drivers to travel in vehicles. Apart
from reduced visibility, smog is harmful to plants and animals
and causes respiratory diseases.
Toxic Pollutants
Another type of important air pollution is the release of toxic
pollutants into the atmosphere. These toxic pollutants include
chemicals such as mercury, lead, dioxins, and benzene that are
released into the atmosphere by the burning of coal,
combustion of waste in waste incinerators, burning of
petroleum products, emissions from factories, and so on. The
release of these toxic pollutants into the atmosphere not
adversely affects the environment but also causes serious
health problems such as cancer, reproductive complications,
birth defects, etc. The chemical gas wastes released from the
chimneys of the factories can cause intense respiratory
problems to people who are living in the nearby areas of the
factories.
We have seen the different causes of air pollution through
human activities. Their adverse effects on the environment and
health are also discussed. Now, it is time to see how we can
prevent air pollution by taking control measures of air pollution.
Air pollution can be reduced only if there is a collective effort

from everyone’s side. There are 10 different ways given below
that help in the control of air pollution.
1. Use of Public Transport: The burning of fossil fuels is one of
the most important causes of air pollution. If most people use
public transport, then the number of vehicles on the road
decreases and thereby decreases the burning of fossil fuels.
The less burning of fuels leads to less amount of greenhouse
gases being emitted which in turn reduces global warming.
2. Reduce the Consumption of Electricity: We can reduce the
electricity consumption in our homes by switching off the lights
and appliances when not in use. Electricity is produced from
the burning of fossil fuels in some places. Hence, reducing
electricity consumption can greatly reduce air pollution.
3. Recycling and Reuse of Products: Some of the products
which are thrown away after use can be recycled and reused
for a cleaner environment. It takes less energy to recycle than
manufacturing the same products and thereby reducing the
chemical emissions.
4. Avoid Plastic Bags: Plastic bags are becoming a curse to the
environment. Most of the plastic bags are not recyclable and
reused. It takes a long time to decompose into the soil. Also the
burning of plastic releases poisonous gases into the air. The
plastic gas can be replaced by paper bags which can be
decomposed easily.
5. Avoid Burning of Plastics: Burning of plastics and other
similar materials release poisonous gases in the atmosphere
which worsens the condition of the air. Make use of the waste
management plans by the government to dispose of plastic
materials.

6. Avoid Air Conditioners and Use Fans: The heat released by
the air conditioner into the atmosphere is greater than the heat
it absorbs from the room. This greater heat released into the
air causes global warming. The freon gas which is used as a
refrigerant causes the depletion of ozone layers which prevents
the harmful ultraviolet rays from reaching the surface of the
earth.
7. Use Filters in Chimneys: The smoke released from chimneys
contains air pollutants that worsen the quality of air. However,
using filters in chimneys can prevent air pollutants from
reaching the earth's atmosphere to a greater extent.
8. Avoid Crackers and Fireworks: The burning of crackers and
fireworks causes air pollution. During festivals, the use of large
amounts of fireworks and crackers worsen the quality of air and
can cause poor visibility.
9. Reduce the Use of Chemicals: The chemicals released into
the atmosphere can act as air pollutants. The toxic pollutants
are released from body sprays, paints which pollute the air at a
greater rate.
10. Planting more Trees: The plants can purify the air by taking
in carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen during the time of
photosynthesis. This reduces the greenhouse effect and
thereby decreases air pollution again. Planting more trees also
helps to avoid global warming.
Therefore, we have seen different causes and prevention of air
pollution. Now, the time has come for us to act and save our
earth. The Government of India has taken measures to reduce
air pollution by imposing the prevention of air pollution act.

Air pollution is the contamination of air by the introduction of
air pollutants. Air pollution can happen due to natural
processes as well as human activities. Natural processes like a
volcanic eruption, wildfire, and mold formation. Air pollution is
mainly due to human activities. This includes the burning of
fossil fuels, emission of greenhouse gases, the release of toxic
pollutants, and so on. Air pollution can cause serious health
problems like respiratory disease, cancer, birth defects, and so
on. Prevention of air pollution is possible if there is a collective
effort from everyone. We have already seen some of the
control measures of air pollution that can be followed by
everyone easily.
Effects of Air Pollution
An increased risk of heart disease, wheezing, coughing, and
respiratory problems and skin, nose, and throat irritation can
be caused by high levels of air pollution. Air Pollution affects
human health in different ways, Air pollution may also cause
heart attacks, asthma, and other respiratory complications. Like
humans, animals can also suffer from a variety of health
problems because of air pollution, including birth defects,
reproductive failure and diseases.
Besides the impact on humans and livestock, air pollution
causes a variety of environmental effects. Acid rain includes
high levels of nitric and sulfuric acids that are formed by the
burning of fossil fuels by the oxides and sulfur oxides released
into the air. Acid rain kills trees and acidifies soils and bodies of
water, making survival difficult for fishes and other marine
organisms.

Through burning fossil fuels, nitrogen oxides emitted into the
air also add to the nitrogen responsible for blooms of toxic
algae. The ozone layer is depleted by the release of man-made
chemicals including hydrochlorofluorocarbons,
chlorofluorocarbons and halons, which were historically used
as coolants, foaming agents, pesticides, solvents, aerosol
propellants and fire extinguishers.
Measures to control air pollution
Air pollution describes the discharge of pollutants into the
atmosphere that is dangerous to human fitness and the earth
as a whole. Smog and soot are the most common kinds of air
pollution. Smog happens when released from burning fossil
fuels behave with sunlight. Soot is produced up of small scraps
of chemicals, smoke, soil, dirt, or allergens, in the shape of
solids or gas, that are transmitted in the atmosphere.
Four measures for controlling air pollution:
- There should be separate ranges for the factories and the
domestic residences. The factories should be placed away from
towns. This will decrease the respiratory and other infections in
mammals due to manufacturing gases.
- The examination of transports should be performed to
understand the quantity of discharge of the toxic fumes from
the cause and actions can be used to overcome them.
- The practice of biofuels should be promoted. The biofuels do
not discharge dangerous fumes like leaded fuels.
- The practice of public transportation will overcome the loss of
fuel and thereby, decrease air pollution.

Long-term health consequences of air pollution involve heart
disorder, cancer and respiratory illness such as emphysema. Air
pollution can also affect long-term damage to human tissues,
cerebellum, liver, kidneys and other organs.
The burning of fossil fuels like petroleum, coal and other
industrial combustibles is a major effect of air pollution.
Meanwhile, discharge affected by gasoline-combustion vehicles
is also an important cause of air pollution.
Causes of Air Pollution
Following are the important causes of air pollution:
Burning of Fossil Fuels
The combustion of fossil fuels emits a large amount of sulphur
dioxide. Carbon monoxide released by incomplete combustion
of fossil fuels also results in air pollution.
Automobiles
The gases emitted from vehicles such as jeeps, trucks, cars,
buses, etc. pollute the environment. These are the major
sources of greenhouse gases and also result in diseases among
individuals.
Agricultural Activities
Ammonia is one of the most hazardous gases emitted during
agricultural activities. The insecticides, pesticides and fertilizers
emit harmful chemicals in the atmosphere and contaminate it.

Factories and Industries
Factories and industries are the main source of carbon
monoxide, organic compounds, hydrocarbons and chemicals.
These are released into the air, degrading its quality.
Mining Activities
In the mining process, the minerals below the earth are
extracted using large pieces of equipment. The dust and
chemicals released during the process not only pollute the air,
but also deteriorate the health of the workers and people living
in the nearby areas.
Domestic Sources
The household cleaning products and paints contain toxic
chemicals that are released in the air. The smell from the newly
painted walls is the smell of the chemicals present in the paints.
It not only pollutes the air but also affects breathing.
Effects of Air Pollution
The hazardous effects of air pollution on the environment
include:
Diseases
Air pollution has resulted in several respiratory disorders and
heart diseases among humans. The cases of lung cancer have
increased in the last few decades. Children living near polluted
areas are more prone to pneumonia and asthma. Many people
die every year due to the direct or indirect effects of air
pollution.
Global Warming
Due to the emission of greenhouse gases, there is an imbalance
in the gaseous composition of the air. This has led to an

increase in the temperature of the earth. This increase in
earth’s temperature is known as global warming. This has
resulted in the melting of glaciers and an increase in sea levels.
Many areas are submerged underwater.
Acid Rain
The burning of fossil fuels releases harmful gases such as
nitrogen oxides and sulphur oxides in the air. The water
droplets combine with these pollutants, become acidic and fall
as acid rain which damages human, animal and plant life.
Ozone Layer Depletion
The release of chlorofluorocarbons, halons, and hydro
chlorofluorocarbons in the atmosphere is the major cause of
depletion of the ozone layer. The depleting ozone layer does
not prevent the harmful ultraviolet rays coming from the sun
and causes skin diseases and eye problems among individuals.
Effect on Animals
The air pollutants suspend on the water bodies and affect the
aquatic life. Pollution also compels the animals to leave their
habitat and shift to a new place. This renders them stray and
has also led to the extinction of a large number of animal
species.
Following are the measures one should adopt, to control air
pollution:
Avoid Using Vehicles
People should avoid using vehicles for shorter distances. Rather,
they should prefer public modes of transport to travel from one
place to another. This not only prevents pollution, but also
conserves energy.

Energy Conservation
A large number of fossil fuels are burnt to generate electricity.
Therefore, do not forget to switch off the electrical appliances
when not in use. Thus, you can save the environment at the
individual level. Use of energy-efficient devices such CFLs also
controls pollution to a greater level.
Use of Clean Energy Resources
The use of solar, wind and geothermal energies reduce air
pollution at a larger level. Various countries, including India,
have implemented the use of these resources as a step towards
a cleaner environment.
Other air pollution control measures include:
1. By minimizing and reducing the use of fire and fire
products.
2. Since industrial emissions are one of the major causes of
air pollution, the pollutants can be controlled or treated
at the source itself to reduce its effects. For example, if
the reactions of a certain raw material yield a pollutant,
then the raw materials can be substituted with other less
polluting materials.
3. Fuel substitution is another way of controlling air
pollution. In many parts of India, petrol and diesel are
being replaced by CNG – Compressed Natural Gas fueled
vehicles. These are mostly adopted by vehicles that aren’t
fully operating with ideal emission engines.
4. Although there are many practices in India, which focus
on repairing the quality of air, most of them are either
forgotten or not being enforced properly. There are still a
lot of vehicles on roads which haven’t been tested for
vehicle emissions.

5. Another way of controlling air pollution caused by
industries is to modify and maintain existing pieces of
equipment so that the emission of pollutants is
minimized.
6. Sometimes controlling pollutants at the source is not
possible. In that case, we can have process control
equipment to control the pollution.
7. A very effective way of controlling air pollution is by
diluting the air pollutants.
8. The last and the best way of reducing the ill effects of air
pollution is tree plantation. Plants and trees reduce a
large number of pollutants in the air. Ideally, planting
trees in areas of high pollution levels will be extremely
effective.
Some important measures that can be adopted by individuals
to contribute towards the prevention of air pollution have been
listed below.
Usage of public transport and carpooling
Switching off the lights when they’re not in use
Reusing and recycling products
Avoiding the burning of garbage and smoking
Avoiding the use of firecrackers
Air Pollutants
Air pollution refers to any physical, chemical, or biological
change in the air. It is the contamination of air by harmful gases,
dust, and smoke which affects plants, animals, and humans
drastically.

There is a certain percentage of gases present in the
atmosphere. An increase or decrease in the composition of
these gases is harmful to survival. This imbalance in the
gaseous composition has increased Earth’s temperature which
is known as global warming.
Air Pollution
Air pollution is defined as the introduction of pollutants,
organic molecules, or other unsafe materials into Earth’s
atmosphere. This can be in the form of excessive gases like
carbon dioxide and other vapours that cannot be effectively
removed through natural cycles, such as the carbon cycle or the
nitrogen cycle.
What are Air Pollutants?
Pollutants are the substances which cause pollution; air
pollution is caused by air pollutants.
Types of Air Pollutants
Primary Pollutants Secondary Pollutants
The pollutants that directly
cause air pollution are
known as primary
pollutants.
The pollutants formed by the intermingling
and reaction of primary pollutants are known
as secondary pollutants.
Classification of Pollutants
Particulate
Pollutants
Gaseous Pollutants

1. Lead
2. Fly Ash
3. Metallic Oxides
4. Nanoparticles
1. Carbon monoxide (CO)
2. Carbon dioxide (CO2)
3. Chlorofluorocarbons
(CFCs)
4. Ozone (O3)
5. Nitrogen oxide (NOx)
6. Sulphur dioxide (SO2)
 Volatile
organic
compounds
(VOCs)
 Benzene
 Ethylene
 Biological
pollutants
 Asbestos
 Radon
Particulate Pollutants
The particles that pollute the air by being suspended can be
defined as particulate pollutants.
These particles are results of some anthropogenic processes
like vehicles, industries, construction sites/activities, etc. or
natural sources like pollen, volcanic eruptions, natural gaseous
precursors, etc.
 Their size ranges from 0.001 to 500 micrometers (µm) in
diameter.
Heavy Particulate
Matter
Suspended Particulate
Matter
Nanoparticulate
Matter
 More than 10
µm
 Less than 10 µm  Less than 0.02
µm
 Settles down
after a point
 Floats and moves
freely with air
currents
 Very light and
harmful
 Form aerosols

 Particulate pollutants can do vast damage to the human
respiratory system.
 PM 2.5 particles (2.5 µm or less) are declared as one of
the most harmful particulate pollutants by the Central
Pollution Control Board (CPCB). They are so tiny that they
can be detected only with the help of an electron
microscope.
 These fine particulates can be inhaled deep into the lungs
and can cause breathing and respiratory problems,
irritation, inflammations, and pneumoconiosis (a disease
of the lungs caused due to the inhalation of dust.
 It is characterized by inflammation, coughing, and
fibrosis – excess deposition of fibrous tissue).
Lead
 Lead is one of the most hazardous heavy metals.
 Lead can cause serious damage to the human body like:
 Nervous system damage
 Digestive issues
 Kidney damage
 Impacts on intelligence
 Hence, Lead was banned as an additive to fuels and other
products.
 Lead mixed with water and food can create cumulative
poisoning.
 It has long term effects on children as it lowers
intelligence.

Fly Ash
 Fly Ash is particles of oxides and other heavy metals. The
majority of them are aluminum silicate (in large amounts),
silicon dioxide (SiO2), and calcium oxide (CaO).
 Thermal power plants are a major source of Fly Ash
pollutants.
 Its deposition in agricultural fields can cause heavy metal
contamination of crops and vegetables.
The Ministry of Environment and Forests has made it
mandatory to use Fly Ash-based products in all construction
projects, road embankment works, and low lying landfilling
works that are within a 100 km radius of Thermal Power
Stations and mine-filling activities within a 50 km radius of
Thermal Power Stations.
Nanoparticles (NP)
 Nanoparticles have diameters less than 100 Nanometers
(10-9).
 NP is responsible for the formation of dust clouds, Ozone
depletion, environmental hydroxyl radical concentration,
and stratospheric temperature changes.
Gaseous Pollutants
Gaseous Pollutants Description Impacts
Carbon monoxide
(CO)
 Highly toxic.
 Produced from
internal combustion
engines due to
incomplete
combustion.
 Carbon monoxide
poisoning.
 Produces
carboxyhemoglobin
reducing the
oxygen-carrying

 Other sources are
volcanoes, forest
fires, etc.
 Greenhouse gas.
capacity of the
blood.
Carbon dioxide
(CO2)
 Heavier than air.
 Source are volcanoes,
fire, etc.
 Greenhouse gas.
 CO2 is an asphyxiant
gas (asphyxia: a
condition arising
when the body is
deprived of oxygen,
causing
unconsciousness or
death.).
 Has other harmful
effects if a high
concentration of
CO2 is inhaled like
dizziness, headache,
etc.
 Carbonic rain in high
polluted areas.
Chlorofluorocarbons
(CFCs)
 Used in refrigerators,
air conditioners,
aerosols, etc.
 Highly destructive to
the Ozone layer.
Ozone (O3)  Very useful in the
Stratosphere but
harmful at the ground
layer.
 It’s produced due to
industries and
vehicles.
 Greenhouse gas.
 Has toxic effects.
 Causes watery and
itchy eyes.

Nitrogen oxide
(NOx)
 Various oxides of
Nitrogen come under
NOX.
 Caused due to the
reaction between
oxygen and nitrogen
at high temps such as
in combustion
engines and
industries.
 Aggravates
Ashtamatic
conditions and other
respiratory issues in
humans.
 Plays a major role in
the formation of
SMOG, acid rain
(nitric acid), and the
greenhouse effect.
Sulphur dioxide
(SO2)
 Pungent smelling
colorless gas
produced from mostly
volcanic activities,
industrial processes,
and production of
sulphuric acid.
 Respiratory issues,
premature deaths,
and death of certain
nerves when
inhaled.
Volatile Organic
Compounds (VOCs)
 Volatile Organic
Compounds (VOCs)
are a large group of
carbon-based
chemicals that easily
evaporate at room
temperature.
 Irritations in eyes,
skin, nose, and
throat.
 Long-term exposure
can cause serious
damage to the liver
and other organs.
Benzene  Found in
petrochemicals and
used as a fuel additive
 Increases cancer risk
and a major cause of
bone marrow
failure.
Ethylene  Used in plastic and
chemical industries in
the production of
Polyethylene and
other polymers.
 Excess exposure can
cause headaches
and dizziness.
 Ethylene oxide is a
carcinogen.

Asbestos  Occurs naturally as a
fibrous mineral.
 Prolonged exposure
and inhalation can
be very harmful and
can cause fatal
illness.
How can Air Pollution be Prevented?
Some important measures that can be adopted by individuals
to contribute towards the prevention of air pollution have been
listed below.
 Usage of public transport and carpooling – by reducing
the amount of fuel combusted for an individual’s
transportation needs, he/she can lower the amount of
pollutants being released into the atmosphere and cause
less air pollution. Furthermore, these options are also
economically efficient and can help save money as well.
 Switching off the lights when they’re not in use – the
majority of our electricity is produced from the
combustion of fossil fuels, which are a huge contributor
towards air pollution. Therefore, conserving electricity is
an effective way of preventing air pollution.
 Reusing and recycling products – By reusing products
(that can be reused), the amount of energy that goes into
manufacturing another one of those products is
conserved. Furthermore, recycling of products is also
more energy-efficient than the manufacture of new ones.
 Avoiding the burning of garbage and smoking – burning
of garbage is a huge contributor to air pollution. Another
contributor to air pollution is cigarette smoking. Avoiding
these activities and spreading awareness of their negative

consequences can be of great help in the prevention of air
pollution.
 Avoiding the use of firecrackers – firecrackers are
generally used to celebrate certain occasions. However,
they are known to cause severe air pollution and are,
therefore, extremely harmful to the environment.
Personally avoiding the use of firecrackers and spreading
awareness about their negative consequences is a great
way to help prevent air pollution.
What are the Effects Of Air Pollution On Environment?
Effects of air pollution on the environment are disastrous.
However, air pollution has been around before man evolved –
in the form of forest fires and volcanic eruptions. The
environmental crisis that we know today, began only with
anthropogenically introduced air pollution. Ever since the use
of coal began, the greenhouse gases began to accumulate in
the atmosphere. This has a negative impact on the planet,
which consequently affects all life too.
Effects of air pollution can manifest themselves in different
ways. It can occur as smog and acid rain. Today, even
second-hand cigarette smoke is considered as air pollution.
Nonetheless, the effects of this pollution are dire.
 Ecosystems can become imbalanced from air pollution
 Pollution particulates eventually fall back to earth,
contaminating the soil
 Air pollution creates acid rain, which can damage plants.
 Acid rain also changes soil chemistry, which can alter
plant growth.

 Animals also get affected by air pollution – reproduction
may get damaged, and reproductive anomalies may
occur.
 Furthermore, air pollution can also cause health and
respiratory issues for animals.
 Air pollution is also one of the major causes of global
warming
 Global warming can also lead to more destructive natural
calamities such as storms and cyclones.
 Burning certain substances may release potentially
carcinogenic substances.
Reduce Air Pollution
1. Using public transports
Using public transport is a sure short way of contributing to
less air pollution as it provides with less gas and energy, even
carpools contribute to it. In addition to less release of fuels
and gas, using a public transport can also help in saving
money.
2. Turn off the lights when not in use
The energy that the lights take also contribute to air pollution,
thus less consumption of electricity can save energy. Use
energy saving fluorescent lights to help the environment.
3. Recycle and Reuse
The concept of recycle and reuse is not just conserve
resources and use them judicially but also is helpful for air

pollution as it helps in reducing pollution emissions. The
recycled products also take less power to make other
products.
4. No to plastic bags
The use of plastic products could be very harmful to the
environment as they take a very long time to decompose,
due to their material made up of oil. The use of paper bags
instead is a better alternative as they decompose easily and
are recyclable.
5. Reduction of forest fires and smoking
The collecting of garbage and getting it on fire in dry seasons
or dry leaves catching fires is a huge factor for causing air
pollution, moreover smoking also causes air pollution and
causes the air quality to worsen along with obviously
damaging one’s health.
6. Use of fans instead of Air Conditioner
The usage of AC’s takes a lot of energy and emits a lot of heat
which is bad for the environment. AC’s also take a lot of
power and energy to work as compared to fans.
7. Use filters for chimneys
The gas that is emitted from fireplaces in homes and
factories are extremely dangerous for air pollution and harms
the air quality severely. The use of filters should be used at
least if the consumption couldn’t be lessened, this will help
to reduce the effect of harmful gases absorbing in the air.

8. Avoid usage of crackers
The use of crackers during festivals and weddings is sadly one
of the biggest contributors to air pollution, leading to a layer
of smog which is extremely harmful for health. So, practice of
no crackers should be implemented.
9. Avoid using of products with chemicals
Products that use the chemicals in their usage or smell
strongly, like paints or perfumes should be used less or
outside the house. There can also be an alternative to use
products with low chemical content and organic properties.
10. Implement Afforestation
Last but not the least, plant and grow as many trees as
possible. The practice of planting trees provides a lot of
benefits to the environment and helps with the release of
oxygen.
Noise Pollution
Noise pollution, unwanted or excessive sound that can
have deleterious effects on human health, wildlife, and
environmental quality. Noise pollution is commonly generated
inside many industrial facilities and some other workplaces, but
it also comes from highway, railway, and airplane traffic and
from outdoor construction activities.

Types of Noise Pollution
Following are the three types of pollution:
 Transport Noise
 Neighbourhood Noise
 Industrial Noise
Transport Noise
It mainly consists of traffic noise which has increased in recent
years with the increase in the number of vehicles. The increase
in noise pollution leads to deafening of older people, headache,
hypertension, etc.
Neighbourhood Noise
The noise from gadgets, household utensils etc. Some of the
main sources are musical instruments, transistors,
loudspeakers, etc.
Industrial Noise
It is the high-intensity sound which is caused by heavy
industrial machines. According to many researches, industrial
noise pollution damages the hearing ability to around 20%.
Causes and Sources of Noise Pollution
Following are the causes and sources of noise pollution:
 Industrialisation: Industrialisation has led to an increase
in noise pollution as the use of heavy machinery such as
generators, mills, huge exhaust fans are used, resulting in
the production of unwanted noise.
 Vehicles: Increased number of vehicles on the roads are
the second reason for noise pollution.

 Events: Weddings, public gatherings involve loudspeakers
to play music resulting in the production of unwanted
noise in the neighbourhood.
 Construction sites: Mining, construction of buildings, etc
add to the noise pollution.
Noise Pollution Examples
Following are the examples of noise pollution:
 Unnecessary usage of horns
 Using loudspeakers either for religious functions or for
political purposes
 Unnecessary usage of fireworks
 Industrial noise
 Construction noise
 Noise from transportation such as railway and aircraft
Effects of Noise Pollution on Human Health
Noise pollution can be hazardous to human health in the
following ways:
 Hypertension: It is a direct result of noise pollution which
is caused due to elevated blood levels for a longer
duration.
 Hearing loss: Constant exposure of human ears to loud
noise that are beyond the range of sound that human
ears can withstand damages the eardrums, resulting in
loss of hearing.
 Sleeping disorders: Lack of sleep might result in fatigue
and low energy level throughout the day affecting
everyday activities. Noise pollution hampers the sleep

cycles leading to irritation and an uncomfortable state of
mind.
 Cardiovascular issues: Heart-related problems such as
blood pressure level, stress and cardiovascular diseases
might come up in a normal person and a person suffering
from any of these diseases might feel a sudden shoot up
in the level.
Prevention of Noise Pollution
Some noise pollution preventive measures are provided in the
points below.
 Honking in public places like teaching institutes, hospital,
etc. should be banned.
 In commercial, hospital, and industrial buildings,
adequate soundproof systems should be installed.
 Musical instruments sound should be controlled to
desirable limits.
 Dense tree cover is useful in noise pollution prevention.
 Explosives should be not used in forest, mountainous and
mining areas.
Sound pollution is dangerous to human health as it can result in
loss of hearing, health issues, and many more. It has become a
need of an hour to control the different causes of noise
pollution. Some of the preventive measures to be taken to
control noise pollution:
Large sounds like driving sirens in public places, including
hospitals, teaching institutes must be banned.
It is essential to control the sound of music systems and should
be limited to a desire.

The use of explosives in the forest, mining areas, and
mountains should get banned.
Causes of Noise Pollution
Noise pollution has become a matter of concern due to the
increasing noise around which is mainly caused by vehicles,
aircraft, industrial machines, loudspeakers, crackers etc. and
can have too many ill-effects on life. Some of the major
sources that contribute to noise pollution are as follows:
1. Industrialization: The growing industries in the urban
areas are a major cause of noise pollution these days
which uses various machines that are capable of
generating a large amount of noise.
2. Improper Planning of Urban Areas: Improper and poor
urban planning plays a major role in creating noise
pollution, mostly in developing countries due to
congested houses, small space, poor parking facilities and
frequent fights over basic amenities which disrupts the
environment of society.
3. Social Events: In several social events, songs are often
played on full volume by the people which makes the
living condition pretty worse thus creating noise
pollution. Weddings, public gatherings involve
loudspeakers to play music resulting in the production of
unwanted noise in the neighbourhood.
4. Vehicles and transportation: Increased number of
vehicles on the roads is one of the reasons for noise
pollution. For example, traffic jams, underground trains,

aircraft, etc produces heavy noise which may lead to a
situation of hearing disability.
5. Construction Sites: Various construction activities which
include mining, construction of bridges, dams, buildings,
etc contributes greatly to creating noise pollution.
Effects of Noise Pollution
The main sources of noise pollution in residential areas include
loud music, transportation, construction, electrical generator
and people. Noise pollution causes several ill-effects on life
such as fatigue, permanent hearing disability and mental
disorders.
 Hypertension: Longer exposure to loud noise result in
elevated blood levels which can cause hypertension in
humans.
 Hearing Disability: Constant exposure to loud noise
which is beyond the range of normal sound intensity can
damage the eardrums, thus resulting in hearing disability.
 Sleeping disorders: Noise pollution can also affect the
sleep cycle of an individual which may lead to sleeping
disorder, low energy level and fatigue.
 Cardiovascular issues: Loud noises also results in an
increase in normal blood pressure level and causes
several cardiovascular diseases in a normal person.

The harmful effects of Noise Pollution are not just limited to
human beings; it can also have an impact on animals and the
environment on the whole.
These pointers highlight the major effects of sound Pollution.
Effects of Noise Pollution on Human Health
Here’s how sound Pollution impacts human beings –
Increases stress.
Causes irritability
Soars blood pressure.
Affects the sleep cycle.
This leads to hearing impairment.
Damages cognitive functions.
Effects of Noise Pollution on Animals
These are some common impacts of sound Pollution on animals
–
Hampers their prey-predator behavior and increases their risk
of death.
Hampers their ability to navigate.
Damages their hearing ability.
Hampers their reproductive ability.
Lead to unusual changes in behavior.

Control of noise pollution
 Highway traffics should be diverted through bye-passes
and over-bridges and should not be allowed to pass
through the towns and cities.
 Sound-proof chambers should be installed for the
machines generating loud noise.
 To provide protective devices like ear muffs or cotton
plugs to the workers who work in various industries and
construction sites.
 To enforce acoustic zoning by distancing human
settlements from industrial areas, aerodromes and
railway stations.
 Silence zones should be created for educational institutes,
hospitals and important offices.
Measures to Control Noise Pollution
Following are some of the most effective measures of
controlling Noise Pollution.
Usage of earplugs, Noise proof helmets, headphones, ear-muffs
in a noisy workspace to limit occupational exposure.
Installation of noisy equipment in soundproof rooms
Using machines and equipment that emit less sound or using
silencers to control Noise at the source.
Implementing silence zone protocols near hospitals,
educational institutions and residential areas.
Insulating sound at construction units.
Planting shrubs and trees to buffer noise.

Adopting stringent policies to curb Noise Pollution.
Major sources of noise pollution
1)The motor vehicles running on the road produce noise
pollution by blowing horn and sound of their engines.
2)The bursting of crackers on various social and religious
occasions produce noise pollution.
3)The various machine in factories make loud sounds and cause
noise pollution.
4)The take off ,landing and flying of aeroplane produce noise
pollution.
5)The playing of loudspeakers and bands at marriages and
other social functions.
Harms of noise pollution
1) loud noise can cause great harm to our ears. Constant loud
noise reduces the hearing power of our ears. loud noise can
even damaged ears permanently and cause defness.
2)Loud noise can cause a person to lose concentration in his
work or studies.
3) loud noise can cause an ailment called Hypertension.
4) loud noise can cause irritation and headache.
5) loud noise during night time disturbs our sleep. Continued
lack of sleep is bad for health
Noise Pollution Prevention
Hazards of Noise Pollution
The term noise pollution can be hazardous for the to human
health in the following ways give below:

Hypertension:
It is a direct result of noise pollution caused due to elevated
levels of blood for a longer duration.
Hearing Loss:
The constant the exposure of human ears to loud noise that is
beyond the range of sound that human ears can withstand
damages the eardrums resulting in loss of hearing.
Sleeping Disorders:
Lack of sleep might result in fatigue and low energy levels
throughout the day affecting everyday activities. Noise
pollution hampers the sleep cycles leading to irritation and
uncomfortable state of mind.
Cardiovascular Issues:
Heart-related problems such as an increase in the level of the
blood pressure and stress and cardiovascular diseases might
occur in a normal person and a person suffering from any of
these diseases that might feel the sudden shoot up in the level.
Causes of Noise Pollution
It is said that it mainly consists of the traffic noise which has
increased in recent years with the increase in the number of
vehicles. The increase in noise pollution generally leads to

deafening in older people or headache, hypertension, etc. The
noise from gadgets and household utensils etc. are some of the
main sources along with musical instruments and the
transistors, loudspeakers and the sound caused by heavy
industrial machines. Note that according to many researchers,
industrial noise pollution which damages the hearing ability to
around 20%. The following are the causes and sources of noise
pollution:
Process of Industrialisation: Industrialisation process has led to
an increase in noise pollution as the use of heavy machinery
such as generators, mills, huge exhaust fans is prominent,
usually resulting in the production of unwanted noise.
Traffic Vehicles: the increased number of vehicles on the roads
are the second reason for noise pollution.
Events such as weddings, then the public gatherings involve
loudspeakers to play music resulting in the production of
unwanted noise in the neighbourhood.
Construction sites: the area of mining and the construction of
buildings etc are said to add to the noise pollution.
The following are examples of noise pollution:
Unnecessary usage of horns.

Using loudspeakers either for religious functions or for political
purposes.
Unnecessary usage of fireworks.
Industrial noise.
Construction noise
Noise from transportation such as railway and aircraft.
Noise Pollution Control
There are some of the noise pollution preventive measures
provided in the points below.
Honking in public places like teaching institutes that are the
hospitals, etc. should be banned.
In hospitals and industrial buildings, adequate soundproof
systems should be installed.
Musical instruments’ sound should be controlled to desirable
limits.

The dense cover of the trees is useful in noise pollution
prevention.
Explosives should be not used in forest, mountainous, and
mining areas.
An excessive sound can have deleterious effects on human
health and wildlife, and environmental quality. Noise pollution
is commonly generated inside many industrial facilities and
some other workplaces but it also comes from highway railway
and airplane traffic and from outdoor construction activities.
Noise Pollution Control Measures
The waves of sound are vibrations of the molecules of the air
carried from a noise source to the ear. The term sound is
typically described in terms of the loudness the amplitude and
the pitch the frequency of the wave. Loudness, also known as
the sound pressure level, or SPL which is measured in
logarithmic units called decibels. The normal human ear can
detect the sounds that range between 0 dB of hearing
threshold and about 140 dB with sounds between 120dB and
140 dB causing pain. The ambient SPL in a library is about 35 dB
while that inside a moving bus or we can say the subway train is
roughly 85 dB. The construction of buildings can generate SPLs
as high as 105 dB at the source. The SPLs decrease with
distance from the source.
The rate at which the energy of the sound is transmitted known
as the sound intensity and is proportional to the square of the
SPL. This is because of the logarithmic nature of the decibel
scale an increase of 10 dB represents a 10-fold increase in

sound intensity an increase of 20 dB represents a 100-fold
increase in intensity a 30-dB increase represents a 1,000-fold
increase in intensity and so on. When the sound intensity is
doubled, the SPL increases by only 3 dB.
How Noise Pollution affects a Person?
Noise pollution can primarily start affecting the hearing ability
of the person, causing permanent hearing impairment.
Furthermore, it can cause an increase in blood pressure,
hypertension, and other stress-related health issues. In many
cases, noise pollution can cause a disturbance in a person's
state of mind, which further causes disturbance in sleep
patterns, stress, aggressiveness, and other issues. The
psychological health of the person can also get disturbed due
to regular exposure to noise pollution. Noise above 45 dB can
disrupt the pattern of your sleep. According to the WHO, the
noise level should not be more than 30db. Change in the sleep
pattern can also bring change in your behaviour.
If you have pets in your home or around your area, then noise
pollution can bring a negative impact on the environment.
Firecrackers can bring fear in them if they are regularly exposed
to them. This will also bring change in their behaviour.
Effect on Wildlife and Marine Life
Animals and marine life are vulnerable to noise pollution. It can
affect their listening skills, which further affects their behaviour
pattern. These animals find it hard to listen during migration,
which can negatively affect their lives. When it comes to
marine life, noise pollution can lead to internal damage like
physical problems in them.

Measures for Noise Pollution
There are many measures taken by the government and people
to reduce the effect of noise pollution. Soundproof walls and
windows are now being installed in many houses. Many
flyovers in cities have soundproof walls to bring down the noise
level to a nearby resident from vehicles running. As responsible
citizens, we must contribute towards bringing down noise
pollution. Needless honking should be stopped and officials
should fine people doing it heavily. Hospitals and schools are
built-in silent zones.
There should be rules to avoid noise in residential and sensitive
areas. People need to be aware of health hazards from noise
pollution.
One of the best ways to bring down noise pollution is by
planting more and more plants. This process of planting trees
can help to reduce the travelling of noise from one place to
another.
Conclusion
Noise pollution is the most common problem faced by humans,
thanks to various reasons that push many people to face health
issues. Following standard measures can be helpful in the long
term for both humans and the environment. The ultimate aim
is to bring down noise pollution for a better environment.
Noise Pollution: Impact on Human Health
There are several ways in which noise pollution can harm
human health:

Having an elevated blood pressure for a long period directly
results in hypertension, which is caused by noise pollution
Hearing loss occurs whenever humans are repeatedly exposed
to sounds that exceed what their eardrums can handle,
resulting in permanent damage to their hearing.
To function properly at work, it is necessary to get enough
sleep every night. Sleep disorders affect energy levels
throughout the day. Pollution causes disturbance in sleep
cycles, which in turn results in irritation and unrest.
Heart issues such as blood pressure level, stress and
cardiovascular diseases can arise in a healthy individual, but a
person suffering from heart disease may experience a sudden
increase.
It will affect your mental health also very badly because
continuously hearing the noise this much loud will pressure
your eardrums and that will badly affect your brain also
How Does Noise Pollution Affect
Children?
Noise pollution can also cause hearing damage and other health
problems in children and teens. They’re at risk for higher resting
blood pressure and stress levels.
It affects their education, too. Kids who learn in noisy areas are
more likely to have trouble with reading and language skills.

To help your child avoid these issues:
Keep study time quiet. Don’t play background music while
they do schoolwork. Even "white noise" can be disruptive.
Noise-canceling headphones might be a good option for some
kids.
Create a quiet space. Designate a quiet space for your child to
do activities that require concentration, like studying. They
should go elsewhere for loud playing or other noisy activities.
Sleep in silence. At bedtime, turn off any music in the house,
turn down the TV, and avoid loud conversation. Try to keep
your child's bedroom quiet.
Other Tips for Avoiding Noise Pollution
You can prevent health issues caused by noise pollution. To
avoid them:
Turn down the volume. Lower the volume on your television,
music speakers, and especially on earbuds, headphones, and
gaming headsets. Supervise young children when they use
these devices, and educate older kids about the damage high
volumes can cause.
Shut doors and windows. This will lessen outside noise like
lawn mowers, leaf blowers, and trucks. When it's quiet, you can
open the windows for ventilation.
Use ear protection. If it's loud enough that someone less than
2 feet from you must raise their voice for you to hear them,
wear earplugs or earmuffs. Use them when you work at a noisy
job, at concerts, and while using lawn care tools or other loud
equipment.
Fix your equipment. Broken car mufflers, squeaking belts, and
defective machines can cause a lot of unwanted sound.

Noise-proof your home. If it's noisy in or around your house,
install noise-absorbent materials such as wall quilts, carpeting,
or corkboard on ceilings, walls, or floors.
Social and Economic Costs of Noise Pollution
The World Health Organization estimates that one out of three
people in Europe is harmed by traffic noise. More than the
purely medical effects of noise pollution on the individual,
there is a significant social and economic impact. Since noise
pollution leads to sleep disturbance, it affects the individual’s
work performance during the day, it leads to hypertension and
cardiovascular disease and costs the health system additional
time and money, and it negatively affects school performance
in children.
Tips for Avoiding Noise Pollution
 Wear earplugs whenever exposed to elevated noise levels
 Maintain a level of around 35 dB in your bedroom at night,
and around 40 dB in your house during the day
 If possible, choose your residential area as far removed
from heavy traffic as you can
 Avoid prolonged use of earphones, especially at elevated
sound levels
 If possible, avoid jobs with regular exposure to elevated
sound levels

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